Grebe ʻēheu pōkole (Rollandia microptera).
Nā hōʻailona kūwaho o kahi toadstool eheu pōkole
ʻO ka toadstool ʻēheu pōkole he kino awelika o 28-45 knm. Kaona: 600 gram. He manu lele ʻole ia.
ʻO ka plumage o ka ʻaoʻao luna o ke kino he ʻeleʻele-ʻeleʻele. Keʻokeʻo ka auwae a me ka ʻāʻī. ʻO ka nape a me ke kino o lalo i mua ʻeleʻele ʻulaʻula. Melemele ka nuku. ʻO ke poʻo me nā kaha a me kahi keʻokeʻo ma mua o ka umauma. ʻO nā ʻano toadstools wale nō e like me kēia ʻano ka toadstool hina-ʻāhinahina, ʻaʻole i loaʻa i ʻAmelika Hema.
ʻAno like ke kala o ka hulu i nā manu, akā ʻo ka ʻāpana ʻēheu pōkole he ʻeleʻele kona ʻōpū a he kiko keʻokeʻo (ʻaʻole hina hina) ma ka ʻāʻī, e kahe ana i ka ʻāʻī kokoke i ka umauma. Ma muli o kona mau ʻeheu pōkole a me nā ʻulaʻula o ke kino, ʻokoʻa maʻalahi kēia ʻano mai nā grebes ʻē aʻe. ʻO nā hulu hoʻonaninani ma ke poʻo i kahi ʻano rudimentary, ʻeleʻele lākou i ke kala.
He plumage hina hina ko nā manu ʻōpio, a ʻaʻohe o lākou koʻikoʻi. Ma nā ʻaoʻao o ke poʻo he mau ʻulaʻula a me kahi kiko keʻokeʻo nui ma ka ʻāʻī, ʻulaʻula ka umauma.
ʻOiai ʻaʻole lele ka ʻāpana ʻēheu pōkole, hoʻohana ia i kona mau ʻeheu e hele i kahi mamao loa. He luʻu maikaʻi loa kēia, ʻau i lalo o ka wai me ka wikiwiki o 5 km / h.
Nā wahi noho o ka toadstool eheu pōkole
Hoʻolahalaha ka ʻāpana ʻēheu pōkole i nā loko wai hāmama, aia ma ka pā. Noho ia i kahi wai pāpaʻu (a 10 mau mika a 35 paha kapuaʻi ka hohonu). Noho nā manu i ke kāʻei kahakai o ka ʻohe, kahi e pili ana i kahakai a ʻehā mau mika ka laulā. Eia kekahi, aia nā manu i loko o nā mānoanoa o tator (Schoenoplectus tatora) a me nā mea kanu wai ʻē aʻe:
- Myriophyllum elatinoides,
- Hydrocharitaceae (limu),
- makemake i ka duckweed lana a me azolla.
ʻO Rdest ka mea kanu lalo loa o ka wai i nā papa hohonu o ka waihona wai, a i 14 m.
ʻO ka hana hou ʻana i kahi toadstool eheu pōkole
Noho paʻa nā toadstools ʻēheu pōkole, akā laila hānai hoʻokahi.
Hoʻomoʻa lākou i nā bogs nui, ʻo ia hoʻi ka ʻohe ma nā wahi me ka maʻalahi e hiki i ka wai hāmama, a i ʻole nā pūnana ʻano ākea ma nā mea kanu wai e lana ana. ʻO kēlā me kēia pā o nā toadstools ʻēheu pōkole he ʻāina ponoʻī nona, kahi e kope ai hoʻokahi manawa i ka makahiki.
ʻAʻole wehewehe ʻia ka manawa o ka wā hānau, akā, hānai nā manu i kēlā me kēia manawa o ka makahiki, akā ʻo ka pinepine o nā grebes ʻēheu pōkole e hoʻoulu i nā hua manu i Kēkēmapa. Lawe i ʻelua a ʻehā mau moa. Kūʻokoʻa nā ʻōpio ʻōpio ma lalo o hoʻokahi makahiki.
ʻO ka meaʻai o kahi toadstool eheu pōkole
ʻAi ka Grebe ʻēheu pōkole i nā iʻa o ka genest Orestias, e noho nei ma Lake Titicaca a lilo i 94% o nā mea pio a pau.
ʻO ka hāʻawi ʻana o ka toadstool eheu pōkole
ʻO ka ululāʻau ʻēheu pōkole ka hopena o nā mauna kiʻekiʻe o Bolivia a me Peru. Loaʻa ia ma nā loko o Arapa a me Umayo ma ka hikina hikina o Peru. ʻO Inhabits Lake Titicaca ma Bolivia. A ma ke ala ʻo Rio Desaguadero kokoke i nā loko o Uru-uru a me Poopo. Kūkulu nā heluna manu kūlohelohe i nā loko liʻiliʻi e pili ana i ka wā i kahe mai ai ʻo Lake Titicaca.
ʻO ka nui o ka toadstool eheu pōkole
Ua hōʻike ʻia nā ana ʻana i nā makahiki 1970 a me 1980 i ka nui o ka manamana wāwae ʻēheu pōkole mai ka 2000 a i ka 10,000, a ʻo 1,147 wale nō nā manu i noho ma Lake Umayo ma 1986 wale nō. Ua hōʻike hou ʻia kahi hōʻemi hou ʻana i ka nui o ka Marsh Toadstool ma kahi ana pōkole i mālama ʻia ma 2003. Akā ua loaʻa nā manu 2583 ma Lake Titicaca i ka makahiki 2003, no laila ke hoʻowahāwahā ʻia nei ka nui o nā grebes ma ke kai.
I ka makahiki 2007, ua hoʻopaʻa ka ʻikepili helu helu mua i ka hiki ʻana o 1,254 kanaka i ka wā ua. ʻO ka heluna nui o ka heluna kanaka āpau o ka toadstool eheu pōkole i koho ʻia ma 1,600 a i 2,583 poʻe oʻo. Ua ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o kēia kuhi ma mua o ka manaʻo mua.
ʻO nā kumu o ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka helu o ka toadstool eheu pōkole
ʻO ka heluna kanaka o ka grebe ʻēheu pōkole i hōʻole ʻia e ʻoi aku ma mua o 50% i nā makahiki he ʻumi. I kēia manawa, ʻo ka weliweli nui loa i ka laha e waiho ʻia e nā ʻupena hei i kahi e hihia ai nā manu. Mai ka hoʻomaka ʻana o nā makahiki 1990, ua hoʻohana ʻia me ka hoʻohana ʻole ʻia o 80-100 ka m o nā gillnets monophilous i nā loko ma loko o ka pae o ka grebe rare. Pili ka kūloko, nā fluctuations kūlohelohe i ka pae o ka wai i ka kūleʻa o ka Grebe ʻēheu pōkole.
Aia ʻo Lakes Poopo a me Uru Uru ma lalo o ka hoʻoweliweli o ka hoʻowahāwahā kemikala mai nā mea hoʻohui hao nui i loaʻa i nā ʻōpala mining. Ua hoʻopilikia ʻia nā kaulaʻai i nā kaiaolaola loko e pili ana i ka grebe kakaikahi e ka hoʻoulu ʻia ʻana o nā iʻa exotic e like me Basilicthys bonariensis a me mykiss (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Ke hoʻomau nei ka lehulehu i ka ʻimi manu no ke kumu o ke kūʻai aku ʻana iā lākou ma ka mākeke, a hoʻohana ʻia nā hua manu no ka meaʻai. ʻO ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka hoʻoulu holoholona a me ke koi no ka ʻiʻo mai nā bipi e hoʻoweliweli i nā wahi kūnana o nā grebes ʻēheu pōkole.
I loko o nā makahiki he 10 i hala aku nei, ua māhuahua ka mākaʻikaʻi ma Lake Titicaca a ua lilo ka huakaʻi hele waʻa i ʻano leʻaleʻa nui.
Hoʻohālikelike ka hoʻonui ʻana o ka mea haunaele i ka hana hou ʻia ʻana o nā grebes eheu pōkole. ʻO nā loli i ka lawe ʻana i ka wai mai Rio no ka mahiʻai nui e loli paha i nā kaiaolaola wai o Lake Poopo a me Uru Uru i ka wā e hiki mai ana. Hoʻolei ʻia nā ʻōpala a me nā inorganic mai ke kūlanakauhale ʻo Alto i nā nui i nā ʻāpana o Lake Titicaca.
I kēia manawa, ʻaʻohe mea e lawe ʻia e hōʻemi i nā hoʻoweliweli i nā ʻano manu laha ʻole.
Nā hana mālama no ka toadstool barnacle
E mālama i ka toadstool eheu pōkole, pono e hoʻomohala i kahi papa hana:
- Pono pono e hoʻokō i nā hana wehewehe i waena o ka lehulehu kūloko a hoʻouluulu i nā mea aloha e pale aku i nā ʻano laha ʻole.
- Pāpā i ka lawaiʻa ʻana me nā ʻupena peʻa.
- Hoʻokomo i kahi polokalamu nānā me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi ʻano loiloi maʻamau e koho ai i nā hōʻole.
- E ʻike ai i nā wahi me ka nui o nā pūnaewele pūnana, nā wahi pūnana maikaʻi kahi i kau ʻole ʻia ai nā ʻupena lawaiʻa, a no ke aʻo ʻana i ka hiki ke hoʻoulu iʻa o ka genest Orestias - kahi meaʻai no ka ʻaoʻao ʻēheu pōkole.
- Hana i kahi noiʻi e pili ana i ka hopena kūpono o nā ʻōpala a me nā ʻōpala ʻole i nā ʻano loko a me nā kaiaola.
- E hoʻomohala i nā hoʻolālā e hoʻoliʻiliʻi i nā hoʻololi kaiaolaola i kēia manawa a me ka wā e hiki mai ana i nā kino wai e like me nā loko o Uru-Uru a me Poopo
- Loiloi i ke kēkelē o ka hoʻololi genetic i nā manu.
- Hoʻomaopopo i ka hopena o ka hoʻonui ʻia o ka mākaʻikaʻi ma ka hana hou manu ʻana a hoʻemi i ka haunaele mai nā moku mākaʻikaʻi.
