ʻO ke aʻo ʻana o ka DNA o ka lamprey iʻa ʻaʻa mua ʻole i ʻae ʻia nā genetistist Russian e loaʻa i ka pane i ka nīnau pehea i loaʻa ai i ko mākou mau kūpuna kahi lolo paʻakikī a me ka iwi poʻo e pono ai.
ʻO ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi ʻāpana kūikawā, ka evolution o ia mau mea i hāʻawi i ko mākou mau kūpuna i ka iwi poʻo a me ka lolo, ua wehewehe ʻia i loko o ka puke pai Scientific Reports. Wahi a Andrei Zaraisky, ma ke ʻano o ka Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry o ka Russian Academy of Science, ua loaʻa ka Anf / Hesx1 gene i ka lamprey, ʻo ia ka vertebrate ola mua loa. Maliʻa, ʻo ia ka helehelena o kēia gen i hōʻailona i ka huli i hope a laila hiki ke hele i ka lolo i vertebrates.
ʻO kekahi o nā hiʻohiʻona nui e hoʻokaʻawale i nā holoholona vertebrate o kēia ao mai nā invertebrates ke kū o kahi lolo paʻakikī, hoʻomohala ʻia. No laila, i mea e pale aku ai i ka nāwaliwali o nā kino mai nā pōpilikia hiki, ua hoʻokumu ʻia kahi uhi pale paʻakikī. Akā pehea i ʻike ʻia ai kēia pūpū, a me nā mea i ʻike ʻia ma mua - ka cranium a i ʻole ka lolo - ʻike ʻole ʻia a hoʻomau i kahi hihia kontroversial.
Ke lana nei ka manaʻo e loaʻa kahi pane i kēia nīnau, ua nānā ka ʻepekema i ka ulu ʻana, ka hana a me ke ola ʻana o nā genes no ka myxins a me nā ipukukui, ʻo ia nā iʻa mua loa. Wahi a nā kānaka ʻepekema, pili like kēia mau iʻa ʻaʻa ʻole me nā vertebrates mua i noho i ke kai mua o ka Honua ma kahi o 400-450 miliona mau makahiki i hala.
Ke aʻo nei i ka hana o nā genes i nā embryos lamprey, ua hiki iā Zaraisky a me kāna mau hoa hana ke hoʻomālamalama i ka hoʻomohala o nā vertebrates, kahi, e like me ka ʻike, no nā kānaka. Ke hoʻoholo nei nā kānaka noiʻi i nā ʻiʻo i loko o ka DNA o vertebrates a ʻaʻole i loko o nā invertebrates.
Wahi a nā Lūkini geneticist, hoʻi i ka 1992, ua hiki iā lākou ke loaʻa kahi moʻomeheu hoihoi (Xanf) i loko o ka DNA o nā frog embryos, nāna i hoʻoholo i ka ulu ʻana o mua o ka embryo, me ka helehelena a me ka lolo. A laila ua ʻōlelo ʻia ʻo ia kēia ʻāpana i hiki ke hoʻonohonoho i ka ulu ʻana o ka lolo a me ka iwi poʻo a me nā iwi kuamoʻo. Akā ʻaʻole i loaʻa kēia manaʻo i ke kākoʻo, no ka mea, ʻaʻohe kēia gen i nā myxins a me nā lampreys - nā vertebrates mua loa.
Akā ma hope ua loaʻa kēia ʻāpana i loko o ka DNA o ka iʻa i ʻōlelo ʻia aʻe, ʻoiai ma kahi ʻano i hoʻololi iki ʻia. Ua lawe i nā hana nui loa e hiki ai ke kāʻili i ka Hanf elusive mai nā embryos a hōʻoia i ka hana e like me kāna analogue i ka DNA o nā kānaka, nā rana a me nā vertebrates ʻē aʻe.
I kēia hopena, hāpai nā ʻepekema i nā embryos o Arctic lampreys. Ma hope o kēlā, kali lākou a hiki i ka manawa i hoʻomaka ai ko lākou poʻo e ulu, a laila unuhi i kahi nui o nā mole RNA mai iā ia. Hana ʻia kēia mau mole e nā hunaola ke "heluhelu" nā ʻāpana. A laila hoʻohuli ʻia kēia hana a hōʻiliʻili nā ʻepekema i nā kaula DNA pōkole he nui. ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, he mau kope ia o nā gen e hana nui i nā embryos lamprey.
Ua maʻalahi ka maʻalahi o ke kālailai ʻana i nā ʻano DNA. ʻO ke aʻo ʻana i kēia kaʻina ua hāʻawi ka ʻepekema i ka manawa kūpono e ʻike i ʻelima mau mana o ka ʻohana Xanf, a he mau ʻōlelo kūʻē ko kēlā me kēia. ʻAʻole ʻokoʻa kēia mana ʻelima mai nā mea i loaʻa i ke kino o nā rana ma kahi o 90 mau loa.
ʻO ka hana o kēia gen i nā ipukukui ua like ia me kāna ʻauhau ma ka DNA o nā vertebrates ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe. Akā hoʻokahi hoʻokahi ʻokoʻa: ua hoʻokomo ʻia kēia ʻāpana i ka hana ma hope loa aku. ʻO ka hopena, ua liʻiliʻi ka iwi poʻo lampreys a me ka lolo.
I ka manawa like, ke ʻano like o ke ʻano o ka ʻāpana o ka lamprey Xanf a me ka "frog" Anf / Hesx1 e hōʻike ana i kēia ʻāpana, i hōʻike ʻia ma kahi o 550 miliona mau makahiki i hala, e hoʻoholo ana i ka noho pono ʻana o nā vertebrates. ʻO ka mea nui, ʻo ia nō kekahi o nā ʻenekini nui o ka ulu ʻana o nā vertebrates i ka nui a me nā kānaka.
