Ua manaʻo ʻia ua ʻike ʻia kēia ʻano ungulate e Salomon Müller i ka makahiki 1836 ma Tuban, kahi kūlanakauhale liʻiliʻi ma ke kahakai ʻākau o Java. I ke kūlohelohe, ua loaʻa nā dia a Kulya ma hope o ka wehewehe ʻana a me ka loaʻa ʻana o ka inoa.
Na hoailona kuwaho o ko Kuhl dia
ʻO ke dia Kulya e like me ka dia puaʻa i ka helehelena, akā ʻokoʻa mai ia i ke kala ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele o ka pale. ʻAʻohe kiko kala i ke kino, a he huluhulu iki ko ka huelo.
ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka dia ma kahi o 140 centimetres, a ʻo ke kiʻekiʻe ma kahi e mae ana he 70 kenimika. He 50 - 60 kilokilo ka paona o ka ungulate. ʻO ka silhouette ma nā poʻohiwi e ʻike haʻahaʻa ʻia ma mua o nā pūhaka. ʻOi aku ka maʻalahi o kēia kino no ka dia e neʻe ai ma waena o nā mea ulu nui. Pōkole nā pepeiaohao, hoʻolako ʻia me nā hanana 3.
Hoʻolahalaha nā dia a Kul
ʻO ka dia ʻo Kulya kahi hopena i ka mokupuni ʻo Bavean (Pulau Bavean), ma ke kai Java ma ke kahakai ʻākau o Java, kokoke i Indonesia.
Nā wahi noho o nā dia Kulya
Hoʻolahalaha ʻia ka dia Kuhla i nā ʻāpana nui ʻelua o ka mokupuni: ma ke kuahiwi waena a me nā kuahiwi Bulu ma ke komohana hema a ma Tanjung Klaass (Klaass Cape). ʻO ka wahi i noho ʻia ʻo 950 mx 300 m, me nā kōkua puʻu i waenakonu a me komohana komohana o ka mokupuni ʻo Bavean a ʻoki pinepine ʻia mai ka mokupuni nui. Ma luna o ke kai, piʻi i kahi kiʻekiʻe o 20-150 mau mika. Ua ʻike ʻia kēia ʻano noho o ka dia Kuhl mai nā makahiki 1990. ʻO ka hoʻokaʻawale palena palena ʻia ma ka mokupuni ʻo Bavean kahi relict, malia noho pū kekahi mau dia Kuhl ma Java, aia paha ma Holocene, kona nalowale ʻana mai nā mokupuni ʻē aʻe i ka hoʻokūkū me nā ungulate ʻē aʻe.
ʻO ka nahele lua ke ʻano he wahi kūpono no nā ungulate.
I nā ululāʻau me ka ulu ulu, ma nā wahi me ka teak a me ka lalanga, mālama ʻia ka nui o 3.3 a 7.4 dia no km2, a ma nā wahi kahi e lanakila ai ʻo Melastoma polyanthum a me Eurya nitida, ʻo 0.9-2.2 wale nō ungulate no 1 km2 i loaʻa i nā ululāʻau ululāʻau a me nā mānoanoa o ka hika me ka ʻole o ka ulu. ʻO ka nui o ka mahele hāʻawi ma Tanjung Klaass - 11.8 mau kānaka ma km2 ..
Noho ke dia ʻo Kulya a hiki i ke kiʻekiʻe o 500 mau mika, ma ke ʻano he rula, i loko o nā ululāʻau mauna, ʻaʻole naʻe ma nā wahi ulu lāʻau, ʻo ka mea hoʻokūkū ka dia puaʻa. ʻOiai ʻo ka pili pili ʻauhau pili o nā ʻano ʻelua, makemake ʻo Kuhl's dia i nā ululāʻau ulu nunui no ka puʻuhonua, kahi e hoʻomaha ai i ke ao. I kekahi manawa loaʻa nā ungulate i nā wahi me ka mauʻu kuni i ka wā maloʻo.
ʻO kā Kuhl's reindeer nutrition
ʻAi nui ka dia Kulya i nā mea kanu lau nahele, akā i kekahi manawa neʻe kekahi i nā lau ʻōpio a me nā lālā. Komo pinepine ia i ka ʻāina mahi a ʻai i nā lau kulina a me ka cassava, a me ka mauʻu e ulu ana i waena o nā mea kanu i mahi ʻia.
ʻO ka hana hou ʻana o nā dia Kulya
Aia ka rut kau ma Kuhl dia ma Kepakemapa-ʻOkakopa, ʻoiai hiki ke loaʻa nā kāne i ka hānau ʻana (me nā ʻala ʻoʻoleʻa) i loko o ka makahiki. Hāpai pinepine ka wahine i hoʻokahi bipi keiki no 225-230 mau lā. Hānau ʻole i ka dia ʻelua. Hōʻike ʻia nā keiki mai Pepeluali a Iune, akā i kekahi manawa hana ʻia ka hānau i kekahi mau mahina. I ka hoʻopaʻa pio ʻana, ma lalo o nā kūlana maikaʻi, hana kope ʻia i ka makahiki āpau me kahi wā 9 mau mahina.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ka hana a ke dia Kulya
Hana nui nā dia o Kuhl i ka pō me nā mea keʻakeʻa.
Hoʻomaʻamaʻa loa kēia mau ungulate a ʻike e pale i ka launa pū ʻana me nā kānaka. Ma nā wahi e kū ai nā mea kālai lāʻau, hoʻopau ka dia a Kuhl i ka lā a pau i nā ululāʻau ma nā pali kūpikipiki i hiki ʻole ai i nā poʻe kāʻei ʻoka ʻIke ʻia nā holoholona i kahakai i ke komohana hema o ka mokupuni, akā kākaʻikahi loa ka ʻike pololei ʻana iā lākou. ʻO lākou wale nō nā kānaka mehameha, ʻoiai hiki ke ʻike ʻia nā pālua dia.
Kūlana mālama o ke dia ʻo Kulya
ʻO ka dia Kulya kahi ʻano ʻaneʻane make no ka mea ʻoi aku ka nui o kāna poʻe ma mua o 250 mau kanaka makua, ma ka liʻiliʻi 90% ka palena o hoʻokahi subpopulation, a ʻoiai he kūpaʻa, hiki ke hōʻemi hou ʻia i ka helu o nā kānaka ma muli o ka hōʻino ʻana o ka maikaʻi o ka nohona. ... Ua helu ʻia nā dia Kulya ma ka Pakuhi I CITES. Lawe ʻia ka pale ʻana o kahi laha laha ʻole e ke kānāwai, akā pili pono nō hoʻi. Noho ʻo Ungulate i kahi mālama kūlohelohe, i hoʻokumu ʻia ma 1979 me kahi ʻāpana o 5000 hectares ma kahi mokupuni ʻo 200 km2 wale nō ka nui.
ʻO nā hana mālama no nā ʻano mea laha pū me kahi pāpā piha o ka ʻimi holoholona, ka puhi ʻana i ka uhi ʻana o ka mauʻu i nā ululāʻau, ka lahilahi ʻana o nā māla tī e hoʻoulu ai i ka ulu ulu. Mai ka 2000, ke hoʻohana nei ka papahana hānau hānau ʻo Kuhl ma Bavean. I ka makahiki 2006, ua mālama ʻia ʻelua mau kāne a me ʻelima mau wahine i ke pio ʻana, a ma ka makahiki 2014 aia he 35 mau holoholona. Ma kahi o 300-350 mālama ʻole ʻia nā ungulate i nā zoo a me nā mahiʻai pilikino o ka mokupuni.
Kuhl na kuhina reindeer
Hōʻike ʻia nā hana palekana e like me:
- hoʻonui i ka helu o nā dia Kulya a me ka hoʻonui ʻana o ka nohona. ʻOiai kū paʻa mau ka helu o nā ungulate, hoʻoweliweli ka nui o ka nui o ka nui a me ka hoʻokaʻawale mokupuni i nā hanana kūlohelohe (e laʻa me nā pōʻino kūlohelohe, nā kahawai, nā ʻōlaʻi a i ʻole ka hoʻolaha ʻana o nā maʻi). ʻO ka hiki keʻaʻa me nā ʻano ungulate ʻē aʻe kekahi i ka hopena o ka heluna kanaka. I kēia hihia, pono ka mālama ʻana i kahi nohona hana e hoʻonui i ka momona o nā dia Kuhl ma loko o ka wahi i pale ʻia. He paʻakikī loa ka hana hou ʻana i nā ungulate, no ka mea, noho nā holoholona i kahi mamao loa o Hikina Hema. No laila, pono i ka hoʻokele papahana i ka ʻike kūpono e pili ana i nā kūleʻa a me nā kūleʻa ʻole i ka hoʻokō ʻana o ka papahana hānau hānau ʻo Kuhl reindeer. Hiki ke kamaʻilio e pili ana i ka palekana holoʻokoʻa o nā laha wale nō inā nui ka piʻi ʻana o ka helu a hāʻawi ʻia ka reindeer ma waho o ka wahi pale.
- he mea pono e loiloi i ka hopena o ka dia a Kuhl i nā mea kanu mahiʻai, ʻoiai ke komo ʻana o nā ungulate ma nā māla e alakaʻi i nā lilo o nā mea kanu. No laila, pono ka hana a me ke alu like ʻana me nā luna kūloko e hoʻoponopono i ka pilikia a hoʻoliʻiliʻi i ka hakakā me ka lehulehu kūloko.
- hoʻomaka i nā papahana hānau i hoʻohui ʻia e loiloi a hoʻopau i nā mea kūpono ʻole o ka hānau hānau pili.
