ʻO Maillard harrier (Circus maillardi) no ke kauoha ʻo Falconiformes.
Nā hōʻailona kūwaho o ka mahina Maillard
ʻO ka Maillard harrier kahi manu nui o nā mea pio me nā ana o 59 knm a me kahi ʻēheu o 105 a 140 cm.
ʻO kēia ʻano o nā mea hāpai i manaʻo ʻia ʻo ia kekahi o nā mea nui i waena o nā ʻano e pili ana. ʻO ke kaulike o kona kino a me ka silhouette e like me ka Marsh Harrier. He poʻo liʻiliʻi ko ka Maillard harrier, he kino wīwī. ʻO ke kola e like me ka pueo. Lōʻihi a hāiki hoʻi ka huelo. ʻO 15% ka nui o ka wahine i ka nui o ke kino. ʻO ka hulu o ke kāne ʻeleʻele ka nui, keʻokeʻo ma lalo.
ʻO ke poʻo ʻeleʻele me nā kaha keʻokeʻo e hoʻomau i ka umauma. Keʻokeʻo ka hue, hina hina nā ʻaoʻao. Loaʻa i ka huelo i nā kaha ʻeleʻele lahilahi. ʻEleʻele ka nuku. ʻO Voskovitsa, nā wāwae melemele. Melemele kekahi. ʻO ka hulu o ka wahine ma ke poʻo a me ka hope he ʻeleʻele. ʻOi aku ka māmā o nā kuʻemaka. Hoʻopili ʻia ka ʻāʻī me kahi leo ʻulaʻula. Hinahina nā ʻaoʻao me nā kuʻi ʻeleʻele. Puʻu, umauma a ʻōpū, keʻokeʻo me nā kaha ʻalani a me ʻulaʻula. ʻO keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo.
He poʻo, puʻu, umauma a me luna ke kino, nā ʻēheu a me ka huelo o nā kala ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele me kahi ʻano ʻulaʻula ma ka ʻōpū. ʻO ka occiput a me ka sacum he ʻulaʻula. ʻO ke kala plumage o nā manu makua i loaʻa hope ʻia e nā mea pale ʻōpio ma 4 mau makahiki.
Nā wahi noho o ka mea lawe Maillard
Loaʻa ka mea lawe Maillard ma nā wahi kai, ma kahakai o nā loko me nā mea kanu, i nā māla laiki, nā wahi maloʻo a pulu. ʻImi pinepine ʻo ia i ka ʻāina mahi ʻai. I nā Comoros, pālahalaha ia ma kahi kiʻekiʻe o 500 mau mika. Makemake ʻo ia e ʻauʻau i nā mauna ulu lāʻau i ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe a me nā awāwa liʻiliʻi. ʻO ka wahi noho o kēia ʻano manu manu e noho ana ma luna pono o nā ʻohe, kahi e nānā ai lākou no nā moʻo a me nāʻiole. I ka ʻāina mauna, noho nā mea hoʻopuka Maillard mai ka pae o ke kai a i 3000 mau mika, akā kakaikahi ia ma luna o 2000 mau mika.
I ka wā o ka pūnana ʻana, ʻaʻole i koho ʻia nā ululaau ʻōiwi a hoʻohaʻahaʻa, ʻoiai e like me ia mau wahi aia kahi ulu lāʻau kiʻekiʻe a mānoanoa ma kahi kiʻekiʻe o 300 a 700 mau mika. Hānai ʻo Loonie Maillard i ka hapa nui o nā wahi noho, akā makemake i nā ululāʻau (65%), a me nā māla kō a me nā wahi mahiʻai (20%) a me nā wahi mauʻu a me nā sabana (15%).
Mea ʻai a Loon Maillard
ʻAi ʻo Looney Maillard i nā manu a me nā kolo.
- lipi,
- ʻūhini,
- pule lole.
ʻO 50% o kā lākou papaʻai nā mammals e like me nāʻiole, ʻiole a me nā tenrecs (Tenrec ecaudatus.) Eia kekahi, ʻimi nā mea pale i nā mea kolo a me nā amphibians, ʻai pū lākou i ka ʻai.
Hoʻolahalaha ka mea lawe Maillard
Hāʻawi ʻia ʻo Harrier Maillard ma Comoros a me Madagascar. ʻĀpana ʻelua i ʻike mana ʻia:
- ʻO C. m maillardi
- C. macroceles (Madagascar a me Comoros).
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ka hana a Loon Maillard
Noho wale ʻo Looney Maillard a i ʻole pālua paha. Makemake lākou e lele i ka lani no ka manawa lōʻihi. Hōʻike lākou i nā lele e like me nā neʻe o ka momona a me nā ʻohe. ʻAʻole mamao loa mai ka pūnana, hana ke kāne i nā iho acrobatic a piʻi piʻi ʻoi. I loko o kēia mau lele ʻana, hele pinepine ʻo ia i loko o kahi wili, me ka hele pū ʻana o ka iho me ka ʻuā nui. Hōʻike ka mea lawe Maillard i kahi lele māmā kupanaha ma luna o kāna panalāʻau, e lele ana ma luna o nā piko o nā lāʻau kiʻekiʻe. ʻO nā ʻūpā pōkole o kona mau ʻeheu e hoʻololi me nā huli lōʻihi.
ʻO ka kūleʻa o ka hahai holoholona hei i ka hopena o ke kahaha.
No laila, nānā ʻo ia i ka mea pio ma mua o ka hoʻouka ʻana. Ma nā wahi mauna, ʻo ka Maillard Harrier e huli kiʻekiʻe loa ma mua o ka nahele. I nā Comoros, lele ia ma luna o nā pali pōhaku. Hoʻohana kēia ʻano mea lawelima i nā ʻano hana ʻē aʻe e hopu i kāna mea pio: hana paha ia i nā lele kaʻapuni i luna i ka lani a i ʻole, hoʻohana i nā pou nānā kokoke loa i ka ʻili o ka honua. ʻĀlapa nā ʻōpio o Maillard alualu i ka honua.
ʻO Brean harrier Maillard
Hoʻomaka ka wā hoʻomoe no Maillard harriers i Kekemapa ma Madagascar, i ʻOkakopa i nā Comoros. Kūkulu ʻia ka pūnana mai ka mauʻu a me nā kumu mea kanu a aia ma ka honua. I kekahi manawa aia ia i ke kiʻekiʻe o 20 mau kenimika mai ka honua ma kahi nahele. Hoʻomoe ka wahine i 2 i 6 mau hua. Hoʻokū ʻo Incubation i nā lā he 33 - 36. Haʻalele nā ʻōpio i ka pūnana i 45 - 50 mau lā. Hoʻomau ka manu makua i ka hānai ʻana i kā lākou keiki ma mua o ʻelua mau mahina.
ʻO ke kūlana mālama mālama ʻo Loon Maillard
Kākaʻikahi ka hānai Maillard ma Madagascar, ʻoiai maʻamau ia ma nā mokupuni liʻiliʻi ma ke komohana o nā pae mauna. Ke ulu nei ka mea maile Maillard i kēia manawa, a hiki i 200 a i ʻole 300 mau pālua ma kahi o 1,500 kilomika kilomika. I Madagascar, ke kuhi ʻia nei nā macroceles subpecies ma 250 a me 1000 mau kānaka ma kahi o 594,000 kilomika kilomika. ʻOiai me nā ʻohana ʻelua, ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka mea lawe Maillard me kahi ʻano nāwaliwali. Kuhi ʻia ka nui o ka heluna kanaka e like me ka ʻikepili mai ka makahiki 2009-2010 mai 564 manu makua.
ʻO nā kumu nui o ka emi ʻana o ka heluna nui o ka Maillard haraching ka ʻimi ʻana a me ka ʻimi ʻana i ka mea hulu manu, ka mea e manaʻoʻiʻo ʻia e kāʻili moa.
A i ka wā ma mua, ʻo ka hui ʻana me ka mahina kahi hōʻailona maikaʻi ʻole, ua kōkua pū kekahi i ka luku ʻia o kēia laha. I loko nō o nā kānāwai i ʻae ʻia no ka pale ʻana, mau ka hoʻoweliweli. ʻO ka ʻona ʻana me nā rodenticides, ka mea e komo i ke kino o nā manu ma o nā kaulahao meaʻai, weliweli loa ia. ʻO ka hoʻonui ʻia ʻana o ka noho kūlanakauhale ʻana a me ke kūkulu ʻana i ke ala e lawe mai i nā mea hou aʻe i nā wahi pūnana o Maillard harrier. Ma lalo o 1300 mau mika, hoʻopau loa ʻia nā ululaau, koe wale no nā pali kū ʻoi loa.
Hiki i nā Cyclones, nā ua nui a me nā ahi ke hoʻohaʻahaʻa i nā wahi i koe, kahi e hoʻohaʻahaʻa nui nei. ʻO nā mea hoʻoweliweli ʻē aʻe e pili pū ana me ka pesticide exposed, collision with uila wires and wind turbines, and the capture of some bird species.
Nā Hana Hānai Maillard Harrier
Ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia ʻo Lun Mayar i ka Manaʻo II i CITES. Aia ia ma lalo o ka pale mai ka 1966, a ua hāʻawi ʻia hoʻi i ka 1989 e ke kānāwai Kuhina kūloko. Ke hoʻomau nei ka ʻike ākea a me ka mālama ʻana i ka hana e kāohi ai i ka lawaiʻa ʻana i kōkua ai e hoʻopakele a manuahi nā manu he 103, ua hoʻokuʻu maikaʻi ʻia ʻo 43 mau mea halihali Maillard i ka nahelehele.
ʻO nā ana nui no ka mālama ʻana i nā laha laha ʻole me ka nānā ʻana i ka dinamika lehulehu. Ke hoʻomau nei ka ulu ʻana o ka Advocacy e hoʻōki i ka lawaiʻa a me ka hoʻomāinoino ʻia o ka Maillard Harrier a me ka pale ʻana i nā wahi i koe. Hoʻohana i ia ʻano hana o ka kaohi pest o nā mea kanu i mahi ʻia e hoʻoliʻiliʻi i ka makaʻu o ke kula lua e nā pesticides. E hoʻomōhala i kahi hoʻolālā e hōʻemi ai i ka hoʻokuʻi manu ʻana me nā kaula uila a me nā pōpō makani.
