ʻO Discus (Latin Symphysodon, English Discus iʻa) kahi iʻa nani a kūlohelohe hoʻi i kona ʻano kino. ʻAʻole he mea kupanaha ua kāhea ʻia lākou he mau mōʻī i loko o kahi aquarium wai hou.
Nui, ʻālohilohi loa, a ʻaʻole maʻalahi maʻalahi, akā nui nā waihoʻoluʻu like ʻole ... ʻaʻole lākou he mōʻī? A i kūpono i nā mōʻī, wikiwiki a hanohano.
Hoʻopili kēia mau iʻa maluhia a nani i ka poʻe hobbyist e like me nā iʻa ʻē aʻe.
Pili kēia iʻa iʻa i ka cichlids a mahele ʻia i ʻekolu mau subspecies, ʻelua o lākou i ʻike ʻia no ka manawa lōʻihi, a ʻike ʻia kekahi.
ʻO ka Symphysodon aequifasciatus a me ka Symphysodon discus ka mea kaulana loa, noho lākou ma ke kikowaena a me nā wahi haʻahaʻa o ka muliwai Amazon, a ʻano like me ke kala a me ka lawena.
Akā ʻo ke ʻano ʻekolu, ʻo ka discus polū (Symphysodon haraldi) i wehewehe ʻia e Heiko Bleher a ke kali nei no ka hoʻoliʻiliʻi hou a me ka hōʻoia ʻana.
ʻOiaʻiʻo, i kēia manawa, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o nā laha hihiu ma mua o nā ʻano hānai i hana ʻia. ʻOiai he ʻokoʻa ʻokoʻa kēia mau iʻa i ke kala mai ke ʻano hihiu, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka hoʻoliʻiliʻi i ke ola i loko o ka aquarium, maʻalahi i nā maʻi a pono e mālama nui.
Eia kekahi, ʻo kēia kekahi o nā iʻa koi aku koi nui loa, e koi ana i nā palena wai paʻa, kahi aquarium nui, hānai maikaʻi, a he kumukūʻai nui ka iʻa iho.
Noho i ke kūlohelohe
Homeland ma ʻAmelika Hema: Brazil, Peru, Venezuela, Colombia, kahi a lākou e noho ai ma Amazon a me nā mea kōkua. Ua hoʻolauna mua ʻia lākou i ʻEulopa ma waena o 1930 a me 1940. ʻAʻole i kūleʻa nā hoʻāʻo mua, akā hāʻawi i ka ʻike e pono ai.
Ma mua, ua mahele ʻia kēia ʻano i nā ʻāpana ʻokoʻa, akā naʻe, ua hoʻopau ʻia nā noiʻi ma hope.
I kēia manawa, aia he ʻekolu mau ʻano i ʻike ʻia e noho nei i ke kūlohelohe: ʻōkuhi ʻōmaʻomaʻo (Symphysodon aequifasciatus), kā Heckel's discus a i ʻole ka red discus (Symphysodon discus). ʻO ke kolu o nā laha i hōʻike ʻia e Heiko Bleher i kēia manawa ʻo ka discus brown (Symphysodon haraldi).
Nā ʻano o ka discus
ʻO Green Discus (Symphysodon aequifasciatus)
Hōʻike ʻia e Pellegrin i ka makahiki 1904. Noho ia ma ka moku waena o Amazon, ma ka muliwai ʻo Putumayo ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻākau o Peru, a ma Brazil ma Lake Tefe.
ʻO Heckel Discus (Symphysodon discus)
A i ʻole ʻulaʻula, i hōʻike mua ʻia i ka makahiki 1840 e Kauka John Heckel (Johann Jacob Heckel), noho ʻo ia ma ʻAmelika Hema, ma Brazil ma nā kahawai ʻo Rio Negro, Rio Trombetas.
Blue Discus (Symphysodon haraldi)
Ua wehewehe mua ʻia e Schultz ma 1960. Noho i nā wahi haʻahaʻa o ka muliwai Amazon
Wehewehe
He iʻa aquarium nui kēia, ʻano disk. Kaukaʻi ʻia i ka laha, hiki ke ulu a 15-25 knm ka lōʻihi. ʻO kēia kekahi o nā cichlids kaomi hope loa, e like me kahi disk i kona ʻano, nona ka inoa i loaʻa ai.
I kēia manawa, ʻaʻole hiki ke wehewehe i ke kala, ʻoiai he nui nā ʻano like ʻole a me nā ʻano i hānai ʻia e nā amateurs. ʻOiai ʻo ka papa inoa ʻana iā lākou wale nō e lōʻihi ana ka manawa.
ʻO nā mea makemake nui ʻia he koko nūnū, daimana polū, turkis, ʻili nahesa, leopadi, pidgeon, melemele, ʻulaʻula a me nā mea ʻē aʻe he nui.
Akā, i ke kaʻina hana o ke keʻa, ʻaʻole i loaʻa i kēia mau iʻa ke kala ʻōlinolino wale nō, akā, me ka pale o ka nāwaliwali a me ka hopena o ka maʻi. ʻAʻole like me ka ʻano hihiu, ʻoi aku ka capricious a me ke koi ʻana.
Ka paʻakikī i ka ʻike
E mālama ʻia ka Discus e nā poʻe aquarist ʻike a ʻaʻohe kūpono iʻa iʻa no ka poʻe hoʻomaka.
Ke koi nui nei lākou a he pilikia hoʻi ia no kekahi aquarists ʻike, keu hoʻi i ka hānau ʻana.
ʻO ka hana nui loa a ke alo aquarist i kū ai ma hope o ke kūʻai ʻana ke hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia i kahi aquarium hou. ʻAe ka iʻa makua i kahi loli o ka noho ʻana ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi, akā hiki nō lākou i ke koʻikoʻi. Ka nui nui, maikaʻi ʻole ke olakino, koi i ka mālama ʻana a me ka hānai ʻana, ke ana wela kiʻekiʻe o ka wai no ka mālama ʻana, pono e ʻike ʻia kēia mau kiko āpau a noʻonoʻo ʻia ma mua o kou kūʻai ʻana i kāu iʻa mua. Pono ʻoe i kahi aquarium nui, kahi kānana maikaʻi loa, nā meaʻai kuni a me ke ahonui.
I ka wā o ka loaʻa ʻana o ka iʻa, pono ʻoe e akahele loa, no ka mea, maʻalahi lākou i nā maʻi me semolina, a me nā maʻi ʻē aʻe, a ʻo ka neʻe ʻana e hoʻonāukiuki a lilo ia i mea hoʻoikaika i ka ulu ʻana o ka maʻi.
Hanai ana
ʻAi nui lākou i ka hānai holoholona, hiki i ka hau ke hau a ola ke ola. ʻO kahi laʻana: tubifex, bloodworms, brine shrimp, coretra, gammarus.
Akā, hānai nā mea aloha iā lākou i ka discus meaʻai, a i ʻole nā ʻano ʻiʻo lū ʻia, i hoʻopili ʻia me: puʻuwai pipi, ʻāpala a me ka iʻa mussel, nā iʻa iʻa, nā ʻoka, nā wikamina, a me nā mea kanu like ʻole.
ʻAneʻane loaʻa i kēlā me kēia hobbyist kāna papaʻai ponoʻī ponoʻī, i kekahi manawa me nā ʻano o nā mea hoʻohui.
He mea nui e hoʻomanaʻo he ʻano hilahila a kāohi ʻia kēia mau mea, a ʻoiai ke ʻai nei ke koena o ka iʻa, hiki iā lākou ke hui pū i kahi o ke kihi o ka aquarium. No kēia kumu, mālama pinepine ʻia lākou i ka kaʻawale mai nā iʻa ʻē aʻe.
Hoʻomaopopo pū mākou i ke koena o ka meaʻai waiwai protein i hāʻule i lalo e hoʻonui i ka ʻike o ka amonia a me nā nitrates i loko o ka wai, kahi hopena maikaʻi ʻole i ka iʻa. I mea e hōʻalo ai i kēia, pono ʻoe e siphon pinepine i lalo, a i ʻole hoʻohana i ka lepo, i hana pinepine ʻia e nā amateurs.
ʻO nā meaʻai ola, ʻoi aku hoʻi i nā bloodworms a me tubifex, hiki ke hana i nā maʻi like ʻole a me nā lāʻau make, no laila, hānai pinepine ʻia lākou me ka ʻiʻo liʻiliʻi a i ʻole ka meaʻai hana.
ʻO ke kiʻi ʻoniʻoni ʻana ma Amazon:
Ka mālama ʻana i loko o ka aquarium
No ka mālama ʻana iā ʻoe e pono i kahi aquarium o 250 liters a ʻoi aʻe, akā inā ʻoe e mālama i kahi iʻa, a laila e ʻoi aku ka nui o ka leo.
No ka lōʻihi o ka iʻa, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka aquarium, a ʻo ka lōʻihi. Kahi kānana kūwaho kūwahi, kahi siphon maʻamau o ka lepo a me kahi hebedoma i kahi ʻāpana o ka wai e koi ʻia.
Pilikia loa ka Discus i ka ʻike o ka amonia a me nā nitrates i loko o ka wai, a i nā palena paha a me ka maʻemaʻe o ka wai. A ʻoiai lākou e hana i kahi ʻōpala liʻiliʻi, ʻai lākou i ka ʻiʻo liʻiliʻi, e pala koke i ka wai a hoʻohaumia ia.
Makemake lākou i ka wai palupalu, waikawa liʻiliʻi, a ma ke ʻano o ka mahana, makemake lākou i ka wai mehana ma mua o ka nui o nā iʻa tropical e pono ai. ʻO kēia kekahi o nā kumu no ka paʻakikī o ka iʻa e loaʻa ai nā hoanoho.
Ka mahana maʻamau no ka ʻike 28-31 ° C, ph: 6.0-6.5, 10-15 dGH. Me nā palena ʻē aʻe, hoʻonui ka maʻamau i ka maʻi a me ka make ʻana o ka iʻa.
He iʻa makaʻu loa kēia, ʻaʻole makemake lākou i ke kani nui, ke neʻe hikiwawe, ka hahau ʻana i ke kīʻaha a me nā hoanoho hoʻomaha. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi e huli i ka aquarium ma nā wahi kahi e liʻiliʻi iki ai lākou.
Kūpono nā aquarium o nā mea kanu inā lawa ka lumi no ka ʻauʻau ʻana. Akā, i ka manawa like, pono e noʻonoʻo ʻia ʻaʻole hiki i nā mea kanu ke kū i ke ana wela ma luna o 28 C maikaʻi, a he paʻakikī loa e ʻike i nā laha kūpono.
Nā koho kūpono: didiplis, vallisneria, anubias nana, ambulia, rotala indica.
Eia nō naʻe, kēlā poʻe amateurs makemake ʻole i ke kālā no nā mea momona, CO2 a me ke kukui kiʻekiʻe, piha pono iā lākou i nā mea kanu lāʻau. Eia nō naʻe, waiwai nui kēia iʻa i kā lākou iho, me ka ʻole o ka poʻe i hoʻopili ʻia. A mālama ka poʻe loea iā lākou i nā aquarium me ka ʻole o nā mea kanu, ka lepo, ka lāʻau drift a me nā mea hoʻonani ʻē aʻe.
No laila, kōkua nui i ka mālama ʻana o ka iʻa, a hoʻēmi i ka makaʻu o nā maʻi.
Ke hoʻokuʻu mua ʻoe i ka iʻa i loko o kāu aquarium, hāʻawi iā lākou i ka manawa e haʻalele ai i ke koʻikoʻi. Mai hoʻā i nā kukui, mai kū kokoke i ka aquarium, e hoʻokomo i nā mea kanu i loko o ka aquarium a i ʻole hiki i kahi iʻa ke hūnā ma hope.
ʻOiai lākou e paʻakikī a koi aku nei e mālama, e lawe lākou i kahi nui o ka hauʻoli a me ka hauʻoli i ka hobbyist hoihoi a kūpaʻa hoʻi.
Hoʻohālikelike
ʻAʻole like me nā cichlids ʻē aʻe, he iʻa maluhia a me kahi iʻa ola loa nā iʻa discus. ʻAʻole lākou he predatory, a mai ʻeli e like me nā cichlids he nui. He iʻa kula kēia a makemake e mālama i nā hui o 6 a ʻoi aku a mai ʻae i ka mehameha.
ʻO ka pilikia me ke koho ʻana o nā hoalauna he lohi lākou, ʻai leʻaleʻa a noho i kahi mahana o ka wai i lawa no nā iʻa ʻē aʻe.
Ma muli o kēia, a i ʻole e lawe i nā maʻi, mālama pinepine ʻia ka discus i kahi aquarium kaʻawale.
Akā, inā makemake ʻoe e hoʻohui i nā hoalauna iā lākou, a laila pili lākou me: neon ʻulaʻula, apistogram a Ramirezi, hakakā clown, tetra ihu ʻulaʻula, Kongo, a me nā iʻa like ʻole i mea e hoʻomaʻemaʻe ai ka aquarium, no ka laʻana, tarakatum, iʻa iʻa me kahi omo. ʻalo maikaʻi loa ka waha i hiki iā lākou ke hoʻouka i ka iʻa kino pālahalaha.
Kūkala kekahi mau mea hānai e hōʻalo i nā alaloa ma ke ʻano o ka hāpai pinepine ʻana i nā parasites o loko.
ʻOkoʻa moekolohe
He paʻakikī e hoʻokaʻawale i ka wahine mai ke kāne, no ka mea hiki ke hiki wale i ka wā e hānau ai. Hoʻomaopopo ka aquarists i ka poʻo i ke poʻo, he lae ʻoi aʻe ke kāne a me nā lehelehe mānoanoa.
Hoʻohana hānau
Hiki iā ʻoe ke kākau ma mua o hoʻokahi ʻatikala e pili ana i ka diskus breeding, a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hana ʻana i kēia no nā mea hoʻohua ʻike. E haʻi mākou iā ʻoe ma nā ʻōlelo laulā.
No laila, ʻōpuʻu lākou, hana i kahi paʻa paʻa, akā maʻalahi maʻalahi me nā iʻa ʻē aʻe i ke kala. Hoʻohana ʻia kēia e nā mea hānai e hoʻomohala i nā ʻano kala like ʻole.
Kau ʻia nā hua iʻa ma luna o nā mea kanu, ka lāʻau drift, nā pōhaku, nā mea hoʻonaninani; ke kūʻai ʻia aku nei nā ʻoka kūikawā, he maʻalahi a maʻalahi hoʻi e mālama.
ʻOiai hiki ke kūleʻa i ka wai paʻakikī, ʻaʻole pono ka paʻakikī ma mua o 6 ° dGH no nā hua e momona. Pono ka wai e waikawa liʻiliʻi (5.5 - 6 °), palupalu (3-10 ° dGH) a mehana loa (27.7 - 31 ° C).
Hoʻomoe ka wahine ma kahi o 200-400 mau hua, i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i 60 mau hola. No nā lā 5-6 mua o ko lākou ola, hānai ka ʻai i ka huna mai ka ʻili a nā mākua e hana ai.
