Nui ka iʻa ʻo Scalaria (lat.Propophyllum scalare), pololi, pōloli i ka ʻai a me ka ʻōpae, akā nani a me nā ʻano hoihoi. ʻO kahi kino kiʻekiʻe, kaomi i ukali ʻia, nā kala like ʻole, nā nui nui, loaʻa, nā mea āpau i lilo i hoʻokahi o nā iʻa maʻamau a kaulana hoʻi, i mālama ʻia e ʻaneʻane kēlā me kēia aquarist.
Nani a nani ʻole kēia iʻa, makemake ʻia i waena o nā aquarist a me nā mea hoʻomaka.
I ke kūlohelohe, he camouflage lākou i ke kala; hele nā kaha ʻeleʻele i ke kino kālā. ʻOiai he mau ʻano ʻē ma laila, nā iʻa me ka ʻole o nā kaha, ʻeleʻele loa a me nā ʻano ʻē aʻe. Akā, ʻo kēia ʻano maʻamau e loli i nā aquarist e hoʻohana ai e hoʻoulu i nā lāhui hou aʻe.
I kēia manawa ua hānai ʻia nā ʻano like ʻole: ʻeleʻele, kinikini, polū, koi, anela ʻōmaʻomaʻo, diabolō ʻulaʻula, kinikini, diamona a me nā mea ʻē aʻe.
ʻOiai ko lākou ʻano kino ʻokoʻa, pili lākou i nā ʻano like me ka discus, i nā cichlids. Hiki ke kiʻekiʻe loa a hiki i 15 cm ka lōʻihi.
Medium i ka paʻakikī o ka ʻike, akā pono lākou i kahi aquarium ākea i hiki iā ia ke ʻauʻau me ka pilikia ʻole. ʻO 150 ka lita ka nui o ka leo, akā inā ʻoe e mālama i ʻelua a mau hui paha, a laila mai 200 liters.
Hiki ke mālama ʻia ka scalar i loko o kahi aquarium maʻamau, akā mai poina he cichlids kēia, a ʻaʻole pono e mālama i nā iʻa liʻiliʻi loa me lākou.
Noho i ke kūlohelohe
Ua hōʻike mua ʻia ka iʻa e Schultz i ka makahiki 1823. Ua hoʻolauna mua ʻia iā ʻEulopa ma 1920, a hānai ʻia ma United States ma 1930. ʻOiai ʻo ka iʻa a lākou e kūʻai aku ai i kēia manawa ua kapa ʻia he maʻamau, ua ʻokoʻa loa lākou mai nā iʻa e noho ana i ke kūlohelohe.
Noho ia i nā waihona lohi e kahe ana i ʻAmelika Hema: ʻo ka home o ka iʻa ma waena o Amazon a me nā lālā i Peru, Brazil a me ʻEkuador hikina.
I ke kūlohelohe, noho lākou i nā wahi me nā mea kanu liʻiliʻi, kahi e hānai ai lākou i ka ʻai, nā mea kolo, nā invertebrates a me nā mea kanu.
I kēia manawa, aia ʻekolu mau ʻano i ke ʻano: ka Pterophyllum scalare maʻamau, ka altum scalar Pterophyllum altum a me ka leopold scalar Pterophyllum leopoldi. I kēia manawa, paʻakikī paʻakikī e hoʻomaopopo i kahi o kā lākou ʻano i kēia manawa ka mea maʻamau i ka leʻaleʻa aquarium, ʻoiai ke kuleana o ke keʻa.
Nā ʻano o nā scalars
ʻO ka scalar maʻamau (Pterophyllum scalare)
Maliʻa paha ka hapanui o nā scalars i kūʻai ʻia i kēia lā no kēia laha. Maʻamau i manaʻo ʻia ka unpretentious a maʻalahi hoʻi e hoʻohua.
Leopold's scalar (Pterophyllum leopoldi)
ʻIke pinepine, like loa me ka scalar maʻamau, akā ʻoi aku ka māmā o kona mau kiko ʻeleʻele, a aia kekahi mau kaha ʻeleʻele i ke kino, a hoʻokahi ma ka ʻaoʻao dorsal, akā ʻaʻole hele i ke kino.
Scalaria altum (Pterophyllum altum)
A i ʻole ka orarco scalar, ʻo kēia ka iʻa nui loa o nā ʻano ʻekolu, hiki i hoʻokahi a me ka hapa manawa ke ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o ka mea maʻamau a ulu a 40 cm ka nui.
Aia kekahi hoʻololi ʻoi loa ma waena o ka lae a me ka waha, e hana ana i kahi kaumaha. Aia nā kiko ʻulaʻula ma nā hoka.
No nā makahiki he nui ʻaʻole hiki ke hānai ʻia kēia ʻano i ke pio ʻana, akā i nā makahiki i hala iho nei ua hiki ke kiʻi ʻia mai ka skal altar scalar, a ua ʻike ʻia ke kūʻai aku me nā poʻe i paʻa i ke kūlohelohe.
Wehewehe
He kino ʻāhinahina ko nā iʻa kūlohelohe me nā kaha ʻeleʻele. ʻO ke kino i hoʻopīpī ʻia i hope, me nā peʻa nui a me kahi poʻo kiko. Hiki ke hoʻomōhala i nā kukuna lahilahi ma luna o ka caudal fin i nā iʻa makua moekolohe.
Kōkua kēia kinona iā lākou e camouflage ma waena o nā aʻa a me nā mea kanu. ʻO kēia ke kumu i loaʻa ai i nā ʻano ʻāhiu i nā kaha ʻeleʻele kū i luna.
He omnivorous ka iʻa, ma ke ʻano moe lākou i ke kali no ka ʻai ʻana, ka iʻa liʻiliʻi a me nā invertebrates.
Ka lōʻihi o ke ola 10.
Ka paʻakikī i ka ʻike
ʻO ka paʻakikī waena, ʻaʻole i paipai ʻia no nā aquarist novice, no ka mea koi lākou i nā puke kūpono, nā palena wai paʻa a hiki ke hōʻeuʻeu i nā iʻa liʻiliʻi. Eia hou, ʻimi lākou i ka ʻai a me ka ʻōpae liʻiliʻi me ka dexterity kupaianaha.
Eia kekahi, ʻeha lākou i ka iʻa e ʻoki ana i nā peʻa, e like me nā barb Sumatran a me nā kākalaioa.
Hanai ana
He aha e hānai? He omnivorous nā scalars, ʻai lākou i kēlā me kēia ʻano meaʻai i loko o ka aquarium: ola, paʻahau a me ka hana hoʻopunipuni.
ʻO ke kumu o ka hānai ʻana he flakes kiʻekiʻe, a hāʻawi hou i ka meaʻai ola a paʻahau: tubifex, bloodworms, brine shrimp, corotra. He mea nui ia e ʻike i nā mea ʻelua, he mau mea ʻai nui a ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻonui ʻia i ka ʻai, no ka pehea e noi ai.
A hāʻawi akahele loa i nā koʻi koko, a i ʻole ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hōʻole loa ʻana iā ia. ʻO ka hānai nui ʻana me nā worworms, a hoʻomaka lākou e bloat, a pēlā e paʻa ai nā huʻa ʻulaʻula mai ka pūpū anal.
ʻOi aku ka palekana o ka hānai ʻana i nā hānai kuni, no ka mea, he kūlana kiʻekiʻe lākou i kēia manawa.
Hiki i ka scalar ke ʻohi i nā mea kanu lahilahi, ʻoiai ʻaʻole pinepine. Ua ʻoki mau lākou i nā piko o ʻEleocharis mai iaʻu a haehae i ka limu mai ka lāʻau awapae. I kēia hihia, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohui i ka meaʻai spirulina i ka papaʻai.
A ʻo ka hoʻāʻo e ulu i ka limu i ka snag, ua lanakila maʻalahi lākou. Ke kiʻi pinepine ʻana i ka limu Java. He paʻakikī ke haʻi aku i ke kumu o ka hana a lākou i kēia ala, akā naʻe, no ka luhi a me ka puni kuko.
Mālama a mālama
He iʻa unpretentious loa kēia a hiki ke ola ma mua o 10 mau makahiki inā hāʻawi ʻoe iā lākou i nā kūlana kūpono. Ma muli o ko lākou ʻano, ʻo nā aquarium kiʻekiʻe me kahi nui o 120 liters i makemake ʻia no ka mālama ʻana.
Eia nō naʻe, inā e mālama ʻoe i kekahi o kēia mau iʻa nani, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ke kiʻi ʻana i kahi aquarium o 200-250 liters a ʻoi paha. ʻO kekahi keu pono o ke kūʻai ʻana i kahi aquarium ākea ʻo ia ka ʻoluʻolu o nā mākua ma loko o laila a ʻaʻole ʻai pinepine i kā lākou mau hua.
Pono e mālama ʻia ka iʻa i loko o ka wai mehana, i ka mahana o ka wai i ka aquarium o 25-27C. I ke kūlohelohe, noho lākou i kahi waikawa liʻiliʻi, wai maʻalahi, akā i kēia manawa ua hoʻomaʻa maikaʻi lākou i nā ʻano a me nā ʻāpana like ʻole.
ʻO nā mea hoʻonaninani i loko o ka aquarium hiki ke lilo i kekahi mea, akā ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi me ka ʻole o nā kiki ʻoi loa kahi e ʻeha ai ka iʻa.
He mea pono e kanu i nā mea kanu me nā lau ākea, e like me ka nymphea a amazona paha, i loko o ka aquarium; makemake lākou e kau i nā hua ma ia mau lau.
ʻAʻole i hoʻopili ʻia ke kino o nā scalars aquarium i ka ʻauʻau ʻana i nā kahe ikaika, a pono e maʻalahi ka kānana ʻana i ka aquarium. ʻO ke kahe nui o ka wai ke kumu o ke koʻikoʻi a hoʻolohi i ka ulu ʻana o ka iʻa, ke hoʻolilo lākou i ka ikehu e hakakā me ia.
Kūpono ia e hoʻohana i kahi kānana kūwaho, a hāʻawi i ka wai ma o kahi ʻohe a i loko a pīpī i ke au.
Koi ʻia nā hoʻololi wai i kēlā me kēia pule, ma kahi o 20% o ka leo. Pilikia loa ka poʻe Scalarians i ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana o nā nitrates a me ka amonia i ka wai. ʻO kēia kahi iʻa i aloha i ka wai hou a me nā loli nui. Hoʻomaʻamaʻa nā mea hānai he 50% i ka wai i loko o kahi aquarium, a inā hānai a hānai paha lākou, lilo ia i hana maʻamau o kēlā me kēia lā.
Hoʻohālikelike
Hiki ke mālama ʻia ka skalar i loko o ka aquarium nui, akā pono ʻoe e hoʻomanaʻo he cichlid nō ia, a he mea hoʻomake paha i nā iʻa liʻiliʻi. Pēlā nō ia no ka ʻai ʻana a me ka ʻōpae, he poʻe hahai holoholona lawa lākou a lawa ʻole hoʻi, i kaʻu aquarium ua kīkē lākou i nā hui lehulehu o neocardina shrimp maʻemaʻe.
Pili pū lākou i ka wā ʻōpio, akā paʻa nā iʻa makua a lilo i ka ʻāina.
Hilahila iki lākou, makaʻu paha i ka neʻe koke, kani a huli i ke kukui.
ʻO wai e hiki iā ʻoe ke mālama i nā cichlids? Me nā iʻa nui a me nā kaulike, pono e hōʻalo i nā mea liʻiliʻi loa, e like me nā cardinals a me nā galaxie hōʻiliʻili micro, ʻoiai ke noho kupaianaha nei lākou me nā neona naʻu. ʻO ka mea hoihoi loa ka ʻai ʻē aʻe o nā neons like ʻē aʻe. He mea nui ka nui o ka iʻa. Inā hiki ke ale ʻia, na lākou nō e hana.
Pono ʻoe e hōʻalo i nā barbe a ʻoi aku kekahi mea ʻē aʻe ma mua o nā cherry. I kaʻu hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana, ʻaʻole i hoʻopā iki kahi ʻāpana o nā pā o Sumatran, a he ʻāpana pahi ahi i ʻaneʻane luku i ko lākou mau lola i hoʻokahi lā. ʻOiai manaʻo ʻoe he ala ʻē aʻe ia. Hiki i nā fins ke ʻūlū ma nā kākalaioa, ka tetragonopterus, nā pākeke ʻeleʻele, nā barb schubert a me ka denisoni.
Hiki iā ʻoe ke mālama iā ia me viviparous: swordtails, platies, mollies, ʻoiai me nā guppi, akā e hoʻomanaʻo ma kēia hihia ʻaʻole pono ʻoe e helu i ka ʻai. ʻO kekahi gourami ʻōpala, gourami momi, lunar, congo, erythrozones a me nā iʻa ʻē aʻe he nui.
ʻOkoʻa moekolohe
Pehea e hoʻoholo ai i ka wahine? ʻAʻole hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale i waena o kahi kāne a wahine paha ma mua o ka ʻōpio. A ʻoiai, ua hoʻohiki ʻia e hoʻomaopopo wale ʻia i ka wā e lawaiʻa ana, ke puka mai kahi ovipositor mānoanoa, ʻano pone i ka wahine.
He hoʻopunipuni nā hōʻailona pololei ʻole, ʻo ka male he lobasteer a ʻoi aku ka nui, ʻoiai no ka hiki i nā wahine ke kāne inā ʻaʻohe kāne. A e hana like kēia pālua i ke ala like, a hiki i ka hoʻohālike ʻana i ka nū ʻana.
No laila hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻoholo wale i ka moekolohe i ka iʻa mākua, a ʻoiai me kekahi relatiacy.
Hoʻohua hou i ka aquarium
Hoʻokumu nā Scalarians i kahi paʻa paʻa, monogamous, a huki lākou i kahi aquarium maʻamau, akā paʻakikī e mālama i nā hua. Ma ke ʻano he rula, waiho ʻia nā hua ma nā ʻilikai kū i luna: kahi ʻāpana driftwood, kahi lau pālahalaha, ʻoiai ma ke aniani i loko o kahi aquarium.
No ka hana kope ʻana, hoʻouka pinepine ʻia nā mea hana kūikawā, he ʻohana paha, a i ʻole he ʻāpana paipu ea, a i ʻole he paipu pālolo.
E like me nā cichlids āpau, ua hoʻomohala lākou i ka mālama no kā lākou keiki. ʻAʻole maʻalahi ka hānau hou ʻana, nānā nā mākua i nā hua, a ke kō ka hua, hoʻomau lākou e kiaʻi a ʻauʻau lākou.
Ma muli o ke koho ʻana o ka iʻa i kā lākou pā ponoʻī, ʻo ke ala ʻoi loa e kiʻi ai i kahi pālua e kūʻai ai i ʻeono a ʻoi paha nā iʻa a hānai iā lākou a hiki i ka hoʻoholo ʻana.
ʻO ka pinepine, aʻo ka aquarist e pili ana i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka haua ʻana ke ʻike wale ʻo ia i nā hua ma kekahi kihi, ma kahi ʻē aʻe nā poʻe āpau o ka aquarium.
Akā, inā ʻoe akahele, hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i kahi kāne e hoʻomākaukau ana no ka hānau ʻana. Pili paʻa lākou, hoʻokuke aku i nā iʻa ʻē aʻe, a kiaʻi i kahi nook i loko o ka aquarium.
Kūleʻa lākou i ka moekolohe ma 8-12 mau mahina, a hiki ke hānau i kēlā me kēia 7-10 mau lā inā lawe ʻia mai iā lākou. Hoʻomaka ka ʻōnaehana me ke koho ʻana o ka wahine i kahi a hoʻomaʻemaʻe maʻamau iā ia.
A laila kau ka wahine i kahi kaulahao hua manu, a hoʻomomona koke ke kāne iā lākou. Ke hoʻomau nei kēia a hiki i ka waiho ʻana o ka caviar āpau (i kekahi manawa he mau haneli mau), nui ka caviar, māmā ke kala.
Mālama nā mākua i ka caviar, hoʻolana iā ia me nā peʻa, ʻai i nā hua make a i ʻole hua ʻole (huli keʻokeʻo lākou).
Ma hope o kekahi mau lā, hatch nā hua, akā pili ka larvae i ka papa. I kēia manawa, ʻaʻole ʻai ka larva i kēia manawa; hoʻopau ia i nā mea o ka ʻeke yolk.
Ma hope o hoʻokahi pule a ʻoi paha, lilo ʻo ia i ka palai a hoʻomaka e ʻau manuahi. Hiki iā ʻoe ke hānai i ka ʻai me ka nauplii ʻōpala a i ʻole nā hānai ʻē aʻe no ka ʻai. Ua hānai ʻia nā miliona o nā ʻai i ka nauplii ʻōpala, no laila ʻo kēia ke koho maikaʻi loa.
Pono lākou e hānai ʻia ʻekolu a ʻehā mau manawa o ka lā, i nā ʻāpana e hiki ai iā lākou ke ʻai i loko o ʻelua a ʻekolu mau minuke.
I loko o kahi aquarium me ka ʻai, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi kānana kūloko me kahi kapa holoi a me ka ʻole o ka uhi, no ka mea hāʻawi ia i ka kānana lawa, akā ʻaʻole hānai i ka ʻai i loko.
ʻO ka maʻemaʻe o ka wai e like me ka mea nui e like me ka hānai maʻamau, no ka mea o nā mea hōʻiliʻili i hōʻiliʻili ʻia e make pinepine ai.
Nīnau pinepine nā aquarist i ke kumu e ʻai ai ka iʻa i kā lākou mau hua? Hiki i kēia ma muli o ke koʻikoʻi ke hānau lākou i loko o kahi aquarium like a kāpae ʻia e nā iʻa ʻē aʻe, a i ʻole i nā kāne ʻōpio i ʻike ʻole.
