He kahu hipa ʻEulopa Hikina (ʻo ia hoʻi ʻo Shepherd ʻEulopa Hikina, abbr. VEO, English East European Shepherd) he ʻano ʻīlio i loaʻa ma 1930-1950 i ka Soviet Union no ka pūʻali koa, mākaʻi a me ka lawelawe ma nā palena palena.
Hoʻohui ʻia, ua hoʻohana ʻia lākou ma ke ʻano he ʻīlio alakaʻi a me nā ʻīlio hoʻoikaika kino. Ma nā panalāʻau o ka USSR ma mua, ua lilo ka East Dog Shepherd Dogs i mea kaulana no ka ʻike a me ke kūpaʻa, akā ma waho o ia mea he kākaʻikahi a ʻaʻole ʻike iki ʻia.
ʻAukake
- He lāhui lawelawe i kūkulu ʻia no ka hana a me ka hana. Ma muli o kēia, ʻaʻole kūpono ia no ka noho ʻana i kahi keʻena, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hale pilikino a me ka pā nui. Inā hoʻouka ka mea nāna ka ʻīlio i ka lawa, hiki iā ia ke noho i ke keʻena.
- Akamai nā BEO, akā hoʻolohe wale lākou i ka poʻe a lākou e manaʻo ai he ʻoi loa i ke kūlana.
- Hoʻopili lākou i hoʻokahi kanaka a hiki ke haʻalele loa i nā poʻe ʻē aʻe.
- Ua hoʻokahe nui lākou.
- ʻAʻole kūpono lākou no ka mālama ʻana i nā ʻohana me nā keiki, no ka mea ke pale ʻia a kuhi hewa pinepine ʻia lākou.
- E launa me nā ʻīlio ʻē aʻe, akā hiki ke hoʻouka i nā holoholona liʻiliʻi.
Mōʻaukala o ka lāhui
Ua hoʻomaka ka moʻaukala o ka East European Shepherd Dog ma mua o ka hoʻokumu ʻia ʻana o ka laha. I ka makahiki 1914, ua pepehi kanaka ke kipi kipi ʻo Gavrila Princip iā Archduke Ferdinand, ka luna o ʻAturia-Hungary.
ʻO ka Lūkini Lūkini, ka mea i manaʻo iā ia he kaikuaʻana o kēia ʻāina, lilo i pale kaua no Serbia, a ʻo nā mea hui pū, me Kelemania hoʻi, kū aʻe no Austria-Hungary.
No laila hoʻomaka ke Kaua Honua Mua, a me he mea lā, he aha ka hana a ka ʻīlio kahu hipa me ia? Ma waena o nā mea hou a ke koa Lūkini e kū ai he mau ʻīlio. Kelemania Pahu, Schnauzers, Dobermans a me nā ʻīlio kahu hipa.
Kū kū aʻe nā kahu hipa Kelemania: wikiwiki, akamai, maʻalahi, hoʻohana ʻia lākou i nā hana like ʻole a hoʻonāukiuki nui i ka poʻe kūʻē. I nā pūʻali Lūkia o kēlā manawa ʻaʻohe līlio ʻīlio pūʻali koa mākaukau, ʻoiai aia ka nui o nā mea maʻamau.
I ka mana o ka Bolsheviks, hoʻomaka lākou e kūkulu hou i ka hanana o ka ʻāina a me ka pūʻali koa. Ua ʻike ka hapa nui o nā alakaʻi koa o ia manawa i ka ʻike o ke Kaua Honua Mua a hoʻomanaʻo e pili ana i nā kahu hipa Kelemania.
Minamina, ʻaʻole hiki i kēia mau ʻīlio ke hana ma loko o ka USSR a ʻaʻole maʻamau.
Hiki iā ia ke anu i Kelemania, keu hoʻi i nā mauna mauna o Bavaria, kahi i ʻike ʻia ai nā kahu hipa Kelemania, akā ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia kēia mau anu me Karelia, Siberia, Kamchatka. Paʻahau nā kahu hipa Kelemania a hiki i ka make, a i loko o nā anilā ʻoi aku ka wela e hoʻomehana ai lākou i kēlā me kēia 4 hola.
I ka 1924, ua hoʻokumu ʻia ke kenela Krasnaya Zvezda, kahi e hana ai i ka hoʻoulu ʻana i nā ʻano hou no ka Soviet Army. Ma laila kahi e hānai ʻia ai ka Lūkini Lūkia, a hoʻomaka ka hana mua ma ke kahu hipa ʻEulopa Hikina. ʻO ka hana i hoʻonohonoho ʻia ma mua o ka paʻakikī o nā kenela: e kiʻi i kahi ʻīlio nui, hiki ke hana, hiki ke hana i nā ʻano ʻāina like ʻole, e like me nā anuanu loa.
Eia nō naʻe, ua waiho ka palekana i ka mea i makemake nui ʻia a hoʻomaka maoli ka hana ma hope o ka pau ʻana o ke Kaua Honua ʻElua. Me nā pūʻali koa Soviet, ua komo i loko o ka ʻāina ka nui o nā kahuhipa Kelemania hoʻomaʻemaʻe.
A ʻo kahi hopena, lilo nō naʻe ka poʻe Kelemania i kumu o ka ʻīlio kahu hipa ʻEulopa Hikina, akā ua hoʻohui ʻia ke koko o Laikas, ʻīlio kahu hānai ʻApela Āsia a me nā lāhui ʻē aʻe. Pono nā luna i nā ʻīlio nui hiki ke kiaʻi i nā kahua hoʻomoana a ʻoi aku ka nui o ka lāhui hou ma mua o nā Kelemania maʻamau.
Ua ʻae ʻia ke kūlana BEO mua ma 1964 e ka Kennel Council o ka USSR Ministry of Agriculture. E lilo ka ʻīlio kahu hipa ʻEulopa Hikina i kekahi o nā ʻīlio i makemake nui ʻia ma waena o ka pūʻali koa a me nā keʻena mālama kānāwai ʻē aʻe, akā e ʻike pū ʻia kāna mau peʻa i waena o nā kānaka.
Me ka pūʻali koa, e hele ia i nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe o ka poloka Warsaw, akā ʻaʻole e hoʻokō ʻia ke kaulana like. ʻO ka hoihoi i ka VEO e hoʻoliʻiliʻi nui wale ia me ka hiolo ʻana o ka Union, ke ninini ʻia nā lāhui exotic hou i ka ʻāina.
ʻOiai ʻo BEO e noho nei ma nā ʻāina he nui o ka USSR ma mua, ke emi mau nei ka nui o nā ʻīlio puree. ʻO ka hapa nui o kēia mea no ka promiscuity o nā mea nona keʻa iā lākou me nā kahu hipa ʻē aʻe.
ʻAʻole hiki i nā hana a nā kalapu a me nā amateurs ke hoʻopakele i ke kūlana, a ʻoiai ʻo ka wā e hiki mai ana o BEO ke ao ʻole, i ka manawa lōʻihi e hoʻopau paha lākou i ke ʻano he lāhui purebred.
Hōʻike o ka lāhui
ʻO nā ʻīlio kahu hipa ʻEulopa Hikina ua like ia me nā mea Kelemania, a ʻaʻole hiki i ka poʻe maʻamau ke hoʻokaʻawale iā lākou. Ma waena o nā ʻokoʻa i ʻike ʻia ma waena o ka BEO a me ke kahu hipa Kelemania: ʻoi aku ka nui, ka pale mānoanoa, laina laina ʻokoʻa, nā ʻano neʻe ʻokoʻa a me nā kala liʻiliʻi. Akā, ʻoiai he nui nā ʻīlio i hele pū kekahi me kekahi a me nā ʻano ʻē aʻe, hiki i nā BEO ke ʻokoʻa nui i ka hoʻopili ʻana.
ʻO kēia kahi ala waena i ka nui nui, hiki i nā kāne ke 66 - 76 cm, nā wahine 62 - 72 cm. ʻOiai ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o nā ʻīlio kiʻekiʻe i kahi pā hōʻike, ʻoi aku ka makemake o nā mea hānai. Kaukaʻi ʻia i ka moekolohe, ka makahiki a me ke olakino o ka ʻīlio, akā maʻamau kaupaona ʻia kahi ʻīlio kahu hipa ʻEulopa Hikina ma waena o 35-60 kg no nā kāne a 30-50 kg no nā bitches.
Eia nō naʻe, maʻalahi lākou i ka momona a ʻoi aku ke kaumaha o kekahi mau ʻīlio. I BEO, ua emi iki ka laina hope ma mua o nā kahu hipa Kelemania a no kēia mea ʻokoʻa lākou i ke ʻano o ka neʻe.
Kūlike ke poʻo i ke kino, ʻoi aku ka nui. Ke nānā ʻia mai luna mai, hiki ke ʻike ʻia he kāhili ʻia, me kahi kū mālie akā haʻi ʻia. ʻO ka waha ka hapalua o ka lōʻihi o ka iwi poʻo, ʻoiai ua lōʻihi a hohonu ka hohonu. Pā nahu.
ʻO nā pepeiao o ka nui waena, kiko a kuhikuhi i mua a i luna, a kū aʻe. Piʻi nā pepeiao o nā ʻīlio kahu hipa ʻEulopa Hikina ma 2 - 4-5 mau mahina. Kūlike nā maka i ka nui, oval i ke ʻano, ʻeleʻele, amber a i ʻole hazel i ke kala. ʻO ka manaʻo laulā o ka ʻīlio ka hilinaʻi, koʻikoʻi, a me ka hoʻoweliweli huna.
ʻO kaʻaʻahu o ka lōʻihi me ka undercoat i ho'ākāka ponoʻia. Hoʻopili ʻia ke kala maʻamau me kahi mask (e laʻa me ka hohonu) a ʻeleʻele paha. ʻĀpono ʻia ka hina a me ka ʻulaʻula zoned akā makemake ʻole ʻia.
ʻAno
ʻO ka ʻīlio kahu hipa ʻEulopa Hikina kahi lāhui lawelawe e hana i ka pūʻali koa a me nā mākaʻi a me kāna ʻano e kūlike i nā hana i hana ʻia. ʻIke ʻia kēia ʻano no kona kūpaʻa a me kāna kūpaʻa, hana lākou i nā pilina ikaika me ka mea nona ka mea aneane hiki ʻole ke hāʻawi iā lākou i kekahi ʻohana ʻē aʻe.
ʻO kēia nō ka ʻīlio a kekahi kanaka e pili ana i hoʻokahi lālā o ka ʻohana a nānā ʻole i nā poʻe ʻē aʻe.
ʻOiai aloha paha ʻo ia iā ia, ʻaʻole ia he hopena. ʻAʻole hoʻolaha ka hapa nui o nā mea hānai iā BEO ma ke ʻano he ʻīlio ʻohana, no ka mea ʻaʻole pili pono lākou i nā keiki (inā ʻaʻole lākou e koho i kahi keiki ma ke ʻano o lākou) a ʻaʻole hoʻomanawanui kekahi iā lākou.
ʻOiai hiki i ka pilikanaka ke kōkua i ke kūkulu ʻana i nā pilina, pāʻani nā BEO me nā keiki me ka mana like e pāʻani ai lākou me nā mākua. Akā, ʻo ka mea nui ʻaʻole lākou e ʻae i ka palaka a hiki ke nahu i hope inā ua pau ka hopena o ko lākou ahonui.
He kānalua loa nā ʻīlio kahu hipa ʻEulopa o nā malihini. Me ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻole a me ka launa ʻana, ikaika lākou iā lākou, akā lawe ʻia i ka hilinaʻi ʻole a hoʻokaʻawale ʻia. Inā ʻaʻole hoʻomākaukau ka ʻīlio, a laila hiki ke kūʻē i nā kānaka. Eia kekahi, lōʻihi kēia mau ʻīlio e ʻae i kahi kanaka hou i ka ʻohana, no ka laʻana, he wahine male. Malama paha kekahi iā lākou no nā makahiki.
ʻOiai ʻoi loa ka maʻalahi o BEO, ʻaʻole lākou nā ʻīlio kiaʻi ʻoi loa, no ka mea hana lākou me ka leo ʻole a haʻi ʻole i ka mea nona ka malihini. Akā he poʻe kiaʻi maikaʻi lākou, e pale lākou i ko lākou ʻāina a me ka ʻohana a hiki i ka hanu hope loa.
Pono wale nā mea ʻona e hoʻomanaʻo e nahu lākou ma mua a laila disassemble. ʻO ka mea maʻamau, ʻo kēia ke kiaʻi kūpono no ka mea nona ia, ʻo ka mea makemake e hōʻeha iā ia e pono mua e kū i kahi ʻīlio mana, kūpono a kaumaha hoʻi.
Inā hānai pono ʻia ke kahu hipa ʻEulopa Hikina, a laila launa maikaʻi lākou me nā ʻīlio ʻē aʻe, no ka mea ua hoʻolālā ʻia lākou e hana i nā pālua a i ʻole ʻeke. Eia nō naʻe, aia kekahi mau kānaka kūpikipiki, keu hoʻi nā kāne. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia lākou e ka hoʻomāinoino nui, loaʻa a like ʻole.
Akā e pili ana i nā holoholona ʻē aʻe, pili ia i ke ʻano o ke kahu hipa... Hoʻouka kekahi i kekahi mea ola ʻehā, ʻaʻole makemake iki kekahi iā lākou. Hiki iā lākou ke noho maluhia i ka hale like me ka pōpoki, inā lākou i ulu a hoʻouka i nā pōpoki kamaʻilio ʻole.
I ke ʻano o ke aʻo ʻana, nui lākou, pehea hou inā lawelawe lākou i ka pūʻali koa a me nā lawelawe kūikawā? ʻO kēia kahi o nā ʻano ʻīlio akamai loa, ʻaʻohe hana i hiki ʻole i nā BEO keʻaʻa. Akā i ka manawa like, no nā mea hoʻohua ʻīlio novice, he hana paʻakikī a mahalo ʻole ka hānai ʻana iā BEO.
Nui lākou a ʻaʻole e hoʻolohe i nā kauoha a kekahi mea a lākou e noʻonoʻo ai ma lalo iho ma ka alapiʻi kaiaulu. Pono ka mea nona ka kuleana i alakaʻi, a ʻo ka poʻe i loaʻa ʻole nā ʻīlio ʻaʻole ʻike mau pehea. Eia hou, hiki iā lākou ke nānā ʻole i nā kauoha inā ʻaʻole hāʻawi ʻia e ka mea nona. ʻO kahi mea hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻike me kahi kahu hipa ʻEulopa Hikina e loaʻa i kahi mea maikaʻi loa, ʻoiai lākou e manaʻo nei he nati paʻakikī e haki.
Kūkulu ʻia no ka hana, hola lōʻihi o ka hana, hana a ikaika kēia ʻīlio. ʻO ka pae o ka hoʻoikaika kino e pono ai nona ma ka liʻiliʻi i hoʻokahi hola o ka lā, a ʻoi aku ʻelua.
ʻO kēlā mau ʻīlio ʻaʻole hiki ke loaʻa kahi puka no ka ikehu i ka holo ʻana, pāʻani ʻana a i ʻole hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻike iā ia i ka luku, hyperactivity, a me ka huhū. Eia kekahi, ʻaʻole lawa ka hoʻoikaika kino, pono nō hoʻi lākou i ka hana noʻonoʻo.
ʻO ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa hoʻopaʻapaʻa laulā, kahi papa o ka hoʻolohe ma ke kūlanakauhale, makemake nui ʻia a me nā hoʻopaʻi ʻē aʻe e pono ai, e pono ai no ke aʻo ʻana o ka VEO i kāohi ʻia.
Ma muli o kā lākou mau koi no nā ukana, kūpono ʻole lākou no ka mālama ʻana i kahi keʻena, pono lākou i hale pilikino, pā, hale manu a hale lole paha.
Mālama
ʻAʻole pono e mālama nui ʻia ka ʻīlio kahu hipa ʻEulopa Hikina. ʻO ka palaki maʻamau a me nā ʻauʻau ʻana i nā manawa āpau nā mea āpau e pono ai. ʻO ka maʻamau, pono ʻoe e nānā i ka maʻemaʻe o nā pepeiao a ʻokiʻoki i nā māiʻuʻu, a pono ʻoe e hoʻomaʻamaʻa i kahi ʻīlio, ʻaʻole he ʻīlio makua.
BEO hoʻoheheʻe ʻia, a maikaʻi loa. Inā he 10 mau hoʻoheheʻe hoʻoheheʻe kiʻekiʻe, a laila ua hoʻokomo maoli ʻo ia iā ia. Hiki i ka huluhulu ke uhi i nā kapeta, nā lako a me nā lole i loko o ka makahiki, a mānoanoa hoʻi i ka loli ʻana o nā kau.
Ola
ʻOiai ʻaʻole i mālama ʻia kahi noiʻi olakino e pili ana i nā ʻīlio kahu hipa o ʻEulopa Hikina, paʻakikī e ʻōlelo me ka wiwo ʻole. Eia nō naʻe, ua hoʻoilina kēia mau ʻīlio i nā ʻāpana o nā ʻano lehulehu, a ua hana ʻia ia no nā pono nui.
Manaʻo ʻia ka BEO he lāhui olakino, keu hoʻi ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia i nā ʻīlio o kēia wā. Māhele ʻia kēia manaʻo e nā mea nona nā ʻīlio, e ʻōlelo ana ʻaʻole lākou i ʻike i kekahi ʻano maʻi kūikawā. ʻO ke ola o BEO 10-14 mau makahiki, kahi maikaʻi loa no kahi ʻīlio nui.
Hoʻohālikelike ʻia lākou e nā maʻi e ʻeha ai nā ʻīlio nui - dysplasia a me volvulus. A inā nā kumu e hoʻololi i nā hono a me ka ʻeha, a laila hiki i ka lua ke make i ka ʻīlio. Kū pinepine ʻo Volvulus i nā ʻīlio nui me ka umauma hohonu ma mua o nā liʻiliʻi.
ʻO kahi kumu maʻamau ka hana ma hope o ka ʻai nui. I mea e pale aku ai iā ia, pono ʻoe e hānai i ka ʻīlio i nā ʻāpana liʻiliʻi a mai hoʻouka koke ma hope o ka ʻai ʻana.
