ʻO ka biocenosis o ka nahele kahi ʻano paʻakikī o nā mea kanu o kahi ʻāina ʻāina i hāʻawi ʻia, i hōʻike ʻia e kahi mahele nui o nā kumulāʻau e ulu ana i ka nui, me nā holoholona hihiu a me nā ʻano kūlohelohe ʻole a me nā pilina e pili ana ma waena o lākou.
ʻO ka nahele kūlohelohe ka kaiaola kaiāulu kūpilikiʻi loa a kūpaʻa hoʻi. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia ia e ka stratification kū i luna, i loko o kahi ululāʻau pololei pololei (pale kalaunu, papa shrub, ʻulu hulu hipa). He mea nui ka nahele i ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i nā kūlana o ka wai ma kēia wahi. Kū pinepine ka wai hālana i nā wahi i nāhelehele ʻia, a kū ka hau a me nā ʻauwai lepo i nā kuahiwi.
Ka hoʻoholo ʻana i ka biocenosis nahele
ʻO ka nahele kahi kanu mea kanu paʻa me ka predominance o nā kumu lāʻau a me kekahi mau holoholona. Kaukaʻi ʻia i nā kūlana o ke anilā, hiki iā mākou ke hoʻokaʻawale i nā ʻano like ʻole o kēia hoʻokumu ʻana, ʻokoʻa i nā ʻano laha o nā mea kanu a me nā holoholona. Hoʻomaopopo mākou ma waena o nā coniferous, deciduous, kāwili ʻia, tropical, nā ulu ulu ʻāina, a me nā mea ulu lāʻau. Hoʻokumu ʻia ka oxygen e ke kaʻina o ka photosynthesis i nā lau o nā kumulāʻau, a ʻo carbon dioxide, ka mea i hoʻomaka koke i ka hoʻomehana honua, ua hoʻopau ʻia.
ʻO ka biocenosis o ka nahele, e like me ka wehewehe a prof. ʻO J. Kaspinsky kahi hana ikaika o ke kūlohelohe, kahi a lākou i hoʻohui ʻia ai i loko o kahi āpau i hiki ʻole ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia e kahi ʻōnaehana o ka hilinaʻi, pili a me nā mana like: nā mea kanu kūikawā me ka nui o nā ʻano kumulāʻau, nā holoholona e pili pū ana a me nā mea hulihonua, ka lepo, ka wai a me ke aniau i hoʻohana ʻia e nā mea kanu a me nā holoholona.
ʻO nā mea nui o ka biocenosis nahele
ʻO ka mea nui o ka biocenosis nahele nā mea kanu nā mea hana i nā meaola. Kapa ʻia lākou he mau mea hana. ʻO nā mea kūʻai aku i kēia mau mea i kapa ʻia nā mea kūʻai aku. Hoʻopili kēia i nā holoholona kikokiko a me nā holoholona. ʻO nā microorganism, fungi a me nā invertebrates e hoʻopau ai i ka ʻōpala a me nā ʻōpala a lawe iā lākou i ke kūlana o nā mineral mineral maʻalahi i kapa ʻia he decomposers. Hōʻike kēia i nā mea kanu ka loulou nui i ke kaiaola a me ke kaulahao meaʻai.
ʻO ke ʻano o ka biocenosis nahele
I loko o nā ʻano ululāʻau āpau, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻokoʻa i nā papa kaʻawale i ʻokoʻa kekahi i kekahi. Kūlike kēia mau papa i kēlā me kēia me ka hilinaʻi i ka wahi.
- ka papa haʻahaʻa, ʻo ia hoʻi nā mea kanu lau nahele, nā limu, nā laikini a me nā fungi;
- undergrowth - nā kumulāʻau a me nā lāʻau ʻōpio;
- Hoʻokumu ʻia ka pae kiʻekiʻe e nā lei aliʻi.
Hoʻokumu kēlā me kēia papa i nā ʻano nohona ʻokoʻa, no laila noho ka nohona a me ka flora. Hoʻoholo ʻia ka ʻano laha o ka nahele biocenosis e ke ʻano o ka nahele.
Nā kumu e luku ana i ka biocenosis nahele
E like me kou ʻike, nui nā kumu no ka luku ʻia ʻana o ka biocenosis. ʻO kēia nā anthropogenic a me nā kumu kūlohelohe. ʻO nā hana kanaka weliweli loa e pili ana i ka ea, ka lepo, ka wai hoʻohaumia, ka hoʻoneoneo a me nā ahi.
Hoʻopili nā mea kūlohelohe i nā maʻi, nā maʻi ahulau, a me ka hoʻomohala ikaika ʻana i nā mea make.
ʻO ka pūʻulu hoʻoweliweli hou aʻe nā mea abiotic i hoʻokumu ʻia e nā ʻano lewa a me nā ʻano kino. Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ka hapa nui o nā pōʻino, i kekahi ala a i ʻole ʻē aʻe, pili i nā hana a ke kanaka.
ʻO ka hiʻohiʻona nui o nā mea kanu lāʻau ma muli o ka palena o nā ʻano manu e ʻai ana i kēia mau mea ʻino. ʻO ka ʻole o nā manu ke kumu pinepine ʻia e ka haumia kaiapuni a pinepine i ka hopu holoholona. ʻO ka hoʻololi ʻana i nā kūlana o ke kaiapuni ke kumu o ka hoʻomehana ʻana o ke aniau, a ʻo ia paha ka hopena o nā kānaka ma muli o kā lākou hana.
Kāhea ʻia nā ululaau ʻo nā ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻōmaʻomaʻo o ka Honua, a pono mākou e mālama pono iā lākou. Inā ʻole, hiki iā mākou ke hoʻonāukiuki i ke kaulike lahilahi o nā hopena biological i hiki ke hōʻino.
