ʻO Kuban kahi kahawai e kahe ana ma nā panalāʻau o Rūsia ma ka moku ʻo North Caucasus, a ʻo kona lōʻihi he 870 mau kilomita. Ma kahi e kahe ai ka muliwai i ke kai o Azov, hana ʻia ka delta Kuban me kahi kiʻekiʻe o ka momona a me ka swampiness. ʻOkoʻa ke aupuni o ka wahi wai ma muli o ke kahe o ke Kuban ma nā kuahiwi a ma ka pāpū. Hoʻohuli ʻia ka mokuʻāina o ka muliwai ʻaʻole wale ma nā kūlohelohe, akā na nā mea anthropogenic kekahi:
- hoʻouna moku;
- nā kahawai o nā hale a me nā lawelawe kaiāulu;
- nā ʻauwai hana;
- agro-ʻoihana.
Nā pilikia kūloko o ka muliwai
ʻO kekahi o nā pilikia kaiaola o ka Kuban ka pilikia o ka noho wai. Ma muli o nā hiʻohiʻona hydrological a me nā ʻano pae, hoʻololi ka wahi o ka wai i kona piha. I ka wā o ka ua nui a me ka ona, ua kahe ka muliwai, kahi e alakaʻi ai i ka wai kahe a me nā kahawai o nā wahi noho. Ma muli o ka nui o ka wai, hoʻololi nā mea kanu o nā ʻāina mahiʻai. Hoʻohui ʻia, ua hoʻopiha ʻia ka lepo. Hoʻohui ʻia, he hopena maikaʻi ʻole nā ʻano aupuni like ʻole o ka wai i nā kahua iʻa iʻa.
Pilikia haumia i ka muliwai
Hāʻawi nā ʻōnaehana hoʻopihapiha i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo o nā lāʻau herbicidal a me pesticidal, i hoʻohana ʻia i ka mahiʻai, holoi ʻia i ka papa o ka Kuban. Komo nā mea kemika a me nā hui o nā pono hana like ʻole i loko o ka wai.
- Kai heʻe nalu;
- hao;
- phenol;
- keleawe;
- kiniki;
- nitrogen;
- nā metala kaumaha;
- nā huahana ʻaila.
Kūlana wai i kēia lā
Hoʻomaopopo ka poʻe loea i ke ʻano o ka wai e like me ka haumia a haumia loa, a ʻokoʻa kēia mau hōʻailona ma nā wahi like ʻole. ʻO ke ʻano o ka oxygen, ua ʻoluʻolu ia.
Nānā nā limahana o Vodokanal i nā kumuwaiwai o ka Kuban, a ua kūleʻa lākou i nā kūlana wai inu ma 20 wale nō. I nā kūlanakauhale ʻē aʻe, ʻaʻole kūpono nā laʻana o ka wai i nā kūlana maikaʻi. He pilikia kēia, ʻoiai ka hoʻohana ʻana o ka wai maikaʻi maikaʻi ʻole e alakaʻi i kahi deterioration i ke olakino o ka lehulehu.
ʻAno liʻiliʻi ka haumia o ka muliwai me nā huahana aila. Mai kēlā manawa i kēia manawa, hōʻoia ʻia ka ʻike aia nā stains aila i loko o ka waihona wai. ʻO nā mea e komo ana i ka wai e hoʻomāhuahua i ka kaolaola o ka Kuban.
Huahana
No laila, pili ka nohona kaiaola o ka muliwai i kahi nui i nā hana a ka poʻe. ʻO ia ka ʻoihana a me ka mahiʻai ke kumu o nā pilikia kaiaola i ka wahi o ka wai. Pono pono e hōʻemi i ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana o nā effluents a me nā mea ʻino i loko o ka wai, a laila e hoʻomaikaʻi ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ponoʻī o ka muliwai. I kēia manawa, ʻaʻole koʻikoʻi ka mokuʻāina o Kuban, akā ʻo nā loli āpau i kū i ke kaawai kahawai hiki ke alakaʻi i nā hopena maikaʻi ʻole - ka make ʻana o nā flora a me nā holoholona.
