ʻO ka moana nui ma ka Honua ka Moana Pākīpika. Loaʻa iā ia kahi kiko hohonu o ka honua - ka Mariana Trench. Nui loa ke kai a ʻoi aku ia ma mua o ka ʻāina āpau, a noho ʻaneʻane hapa o ka moana o ka honua. Manaʻo nā kānaka noiʻi ua hoʻomaka ke kai o ke kai e hana i ka wā Mesozoic, i ka wā i wāwahi ʻia ai ka ʻāina ʻĀinapuniʻole. I loko o ka wā Jurassic, ʻehā mau papa tectonic moana nui i hana ʻia. Eia kekahi, i ka Cretaceous, ua hoʻomaka ka hana o ka Pākīpika, ua hōʻike ʻia nā outline o ʻAkau ʻĀkau a me ʻAmelika Hema, a ua haʻalele ʻo Australia mai Antarctica. I kēia manawa, ke hoʻomau nei ka neʻe ʻana o ka papa, i hōʻike ʻia e nā ōlaʻi a me nā kai eʻe ma Asia Hema.
He paʻakikī e noʻonoʻo, akā ʻo ka nui o ka Moana Pākīpika he 178.684 miliona km². ʻOi aku ka pololei, hoʻonui ka wai mai ka ʻākau a i ka hema no 15.8 tausani km, mai ka hikina a i ke komohana - no 19.5 tausani km. Ma mua o ke kikoʻī ʻana o ke aʻo ʻana, ua kapa ʻia ka moana ka Nui a i ʻole ka Pakipika.
Nā ʻano o ka Moana Pākīpika
Pono e hoʻomaopopo ʻia ʻo ka Moana Pākīpika kahi ʻāpana o ka Moana Honua a noho i ke kūlana alakaʻi ma nā ʻāpana o ka wahi, ʻoiai he 49.5% o ka ʻilikai holoʻokoʻa. Ma ke ʻano he hopena o ka noiʻi, ua hōʻike ʻia ka 11.023 km ka hohonu loa o ka hohonu. Ua kapa ʻia ka lae hohonu ʻo "Challenger Abyss" (no ka hoʻohanohano ʻana i ka moku noiʻi i hoʻopaʻa mua i ka hohonu o ke kai).
ʻO nā mokupuni he mau kaukani like ʻole e hoʻopuehu ʻia i ka Moana Pākīpika. Aia ia i loko o ka wai o ke Kai Nui e kū ai nā mokupuni nui loa, e like me New Guinea a me Kalimantan, a me nā mokupuni ʻo Sunda Nui.
ʻO ka mōʻaukala o ka hoʻomohala ʻana a me ke aʻo ʻana o ka Moana Pākīpika
Ua hoʻomaka ka poʻe e mākaʻikaʻi i ka Moana Pākīpika i ka wā kahiko, ʻoiai nā ala nui o nā halihali nui i hele i loko o laila. ʻO nā ʻohana o ka Incas a me ka Aleuts, nā Malay a me nā Polenekia, nā Kepanī, a me nā lāhui ʻē aʻe a me nā lāhui āpau i hoʻohana i nā kumuwaiwai kūlohelohe o ka moana. ʻO nā Europa mua i mākaʻikaʻi i ka moana ʻo Vasco Nunez lāua ʻo F. Magellan. Ua hana nā lālā o kā lākou huakaʻi i nā kahakaha o nā kahakai o nā mokupuni, nā peninsula, i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ka ʻike e pili ana i ka makani a me nā au, nā loli o ke aniau. Eia kekahi, ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia kekahi mau ʻike e pili ana i ka flora a me nā holoholona, akā he mahele liʻiliʻi loa. I ka wā e hiki mai ana, ua hōʻiliʻili nā mea kūlohelohe i nā lunamaka o flora a me nā holoholona no nā hōʻiliʻili, i mea e hoʻopaʻa ai iā lākou ma hope.
Ua hoʻomaka ka mea ʻike i ka naʻi aupuni Nunez de Balboa e hoʻopaʻa i ka wai o ka Moana Pākīpika ma 1513. Ua hiki iā ia ke ʻike i kahi wahi ma mua ʻole ma muli o kahi huakaʻi ma o ka Isthmus o Panama. ʻOiai ua hōʻea ka huakaʻi i ke kai ma ke kai kūʻono aia ma ka hema, ua hāʻawi ʻo Balboa i ka inoa i ke kai "Ke kai hema". Ma hope ona, ua komo ʻo Magellan i ka moana ākea. A ma muli o kona hala ʻana i nā hoʻāʻo a pau i loko o ʻekolu mau mahina a me iwakālua mau lā (i ke ʻano maikaʻi o ke aniau) ua hāʻawi ka mea hele i ka inoa i ka moana "Pākīpika".
Ma hope iki aku, ʻo ia hoʻi, i ka makahiki 1753, ua noi ʻia kahi kanaka hulihonua nona ka inoa ʻo Buach e kapa i ke kai ʻo Great, akā ua makemake nui nā poʻe āpau i ka inoa "Moana Pākīpika" a ʻaʻole i loaʻa kēia manaʻo i ka ʻike ākea. A hiki i ka hoʻomaka o ke kenekulia ʻumikūmāiwa, ua kapa ʻia ke kai "Ke Kai Pākīpika", "Moana Hikina", etc.
ʻO nā huakaʻi o Kruzenshtern, ʻo O. Kotzebue, ʻo E. Lenz a me nā mea hoʻokele ʻē aʻe i mākaʻikaʻi i ke kai, hōʻiliʻili i nā ʻike like ʻole, ana i ka mahana o ka wai a hoʻopaʻa i kāna mau waiwai, alakaʻi i ka noiʻi ma lalo o ka wai. I ka hopena o ke kenekulia ʻumikūmāiwa a ma ke kenekulia iwakālua, ua hoʻomaka ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ka moana e loaʻa kahi ʻano paʻakikī. Ua hoʻonohonoho ʻia nā kahua kū kahakai kūikawā a ua hoʻokō ʻia nā huakaʻi moana, ʻo ke kumu o ia mea e ʻohiʻohi i ka ʻike e pili ana i nā hiʻohiʻona like ʻole o ke kai.
- kino;
- kālaihonua;
- kemika;
- meaolaola.
ʻO ka hoʻokūkū hoʻokūkū
Ua hoʻomaka kahi noiʻi ākea o ka wai o ka Moana Pākīpika i ka wā o ka ʻimi e kahi huakaʻi Pelekane (i ka hopena o ke kenekulia ʻumikūmāwalu) ma ka moku kaulana ʻo Challenger. I loko o kēia wā, ua aʻo nā ʻepekema i ka topografia o lalo a me nā hiʻohiʻona o ka Moana Pākīpika. Pono loa kēia i mea e hoʻokō ai i ke kau ʻana o ke kaula telegrapo i lalo o ka wai. Ma ke ʻano he hopena o nā huakaʻi he nui, nā hāpai a me nā kaumaha, nā pali o lalo o ka wai, nā lua a me nā pā, nā sediment lalo a me nā hiʻohiʻona ʻē aʻe i ʻike ʻia. Ua kōkua ka loaʻa ʻana o ka ʻikepili i ka hōʻuluʻulu ʻana i nā ʻano palapala ʻāina i ke ʻano o ka topografia o lalo.
Ma hope iki aku, me ke kōkua o kahi seismograph, ua hiki ke ʻike ʻia ke apo seismic Pacific.
ʻO ka ʻāpana nui o ka noiʻi kai ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana o ka ʻōnaehana. Nui loa ka nui o nā mea ulu o ka flora a me nā holoholona i loko o ka wai a hiki i kahi helu kokoke ke hoʻokumu ʻia. ʻOiai ke ʻano o ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka moana mai ka wā kahiko mai, ua hōʻiliʻili ka poʻe i ka nui o ka ʻike e pili ana i kēia wahi o ka wai, akā aia nō ka nui o nā mea i hōʻike ʻole ʻia ma lalo o ka wai o ka Moana Pākīpika, no laila ke hoʻomau nei ka noiʻi a hiki i kēia lā.
