Nā sila wili He mammal liʻiliʻi lākou mai ka genus o nā sila maʻamau. Kāhea aku nō hoʻi au iā lākou i nā sila sila a i ʻole nā akibs. Loaʻa iā lākou ko lākou inoa ma muli o nā hiʻohiʻona hoihoi i ke kua, ʻano like me nā apo. Mahalo i ko lākou momona momona subcutaneite, hiki i kēia mau sila ke pale i nā mahana haʻahaʻa, e ʻae ai iā lākou e noho i nā wahi o ka Arctic a me ka subarctic. I Svalbard, hānau nā sila i kani ʻia ma ka hau o luna i nā fjords āpau.
Ma waho aʻe o ka poʻe e noho ana ma ke kai ʻākau, ua ʻike ʻia kekahi mau ʻāpana wai hou, i loaʻa ma nā loko ʻo Ladoga a me Saimaa.
Wehewehe
ʻO Akiba he kālā hina hina hina liʻiliʻi i nā sila brown. Hinahina ko lākou ʻōpū, a ʻeleʻele hoʻi ko lākou kua a ʻike ʻia kahi hiʻohiʻona o nā apo liʻiliʻi, mahalo iā lākou i loaʻa ai ko lākou inoa.
Kapu ke kino, pōkole, uhi ʻia me ka lauoho lauoho. Liʻiliʻi ke poʻo, ʻaʻole lōʻihi ka ʻāʻī. Loaʻa iā lākou nā māiʻuʻu nui ma mua o 2.5 cm ka mānoanoa, mahalo i ka mea a lākou i ʻoki ai i nā lua i ka hau. E like me kāu e ʻike ai, hiki i kēlā mau lua ke piʻi i nā hohonu o ʻelua mau mika.
Hiki i nā holoholona makua i nā lōʻihi mai 1.1 a 1.6 m a kaupaona ʻia 50-100 kilogram. E like me nā sila o ka ʻākau, ʻokoʻa ka nui o ke kaumaha o ke kino me ke kau. ʻOi loa ka momona o nā sila i ke kau a me ka lahilahi i ka hopena o ke kauwela - ke kauwela mua, ma hope o ka wā hānau a me ka molt makahiki. ʻOi aku ka nui o nā kāne ma mua o nā wahine, a ʻoi aku ka pouli o nā kāne i ka puna ma mua o nā wahine ma muli o ka huna aila o nā glands i ka waha. I nā manawa ʻē aʻe o ka makahiki, paʻakikī lākou e hoʻokaʻawale. I ka wā hānau, aia nā cubs ma kahi o 60 cm ka lōʻihi a kaupaona ma kahi o 4.5 kg. Uhi ʻia lākou me ka hulu hina hinuhinu, ʻoi aku ka māmā ma ka ʻōpū a ʻoi aku ka pouli ma ke kua. Hoʻolālā nā hiʻohiʻona huluhulu me ka makahiki.
Mahalo i ko lākou mau maka i hoʻomohala maikaʻi ʻia, honi a hoʻolohe, he mea ʻimi holoholona maikaʻi nā sila.
ʻO ka nohona a me nā maʻamau
E like me ka mea i ʻōlelo ʻia ma luna aʻe, ʻo ka wahi nui o kēia mau predators nani nā Arctic a me Subarctic. Ma loko o ka hapa nui o kā lākou laulā, hoʻohana wale lākou i ka hau kai ma ke ʻano he wahi hānau, moulting a me nā wahi hoʻomaha. Ke kolo nei lākou i ka ʻāina me ka makemake ʻole.
Alakaʻi lākou i kahi nohona kaʻawale. ʻAʻole lākou ʻākoakoa iki i nā hui, ʻo ka mea nui i ka wā o ka moena, i ke kau mahana. A laila ma ke kahakai hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i nā rookeries o nā sila i kani ʻia, e helu ʻia a 50 mau kānaka.
ʻO ko lākou hiki ke hana a mālama i nā puka hanu i ka hau e ʻae iā lākou e noho a hiki i nā wahi kahi holoholona ʻē aʻe, i hoʻololi ʻia hoʻi i nā mahana haʻahaʻa, ʻaʻole hiki ke noho.
I loko nō o ka hiki ke hoʻololi ʻia i ka hau, nā sila ke kani i kekahi manawa ke kū i nā pilikia wela o ka hoʻoilo o ka arctic No ka puʻuhonua mai ke anuanu, hana lākou i nā lua i ka hau ma luna o ka hau kai. He mea nui kēia mau lua no ke ola neonatal.
ʻO nā peʻa kaulima nā mea like ʻole. Hiki iā lākou ke luʻu a ʻoi aku ma mua o 500 m, ʻoiai ma nā wahi hānai nui ʻaʻole ʻoi aku ka hohonu ma mua o kēia māka.
ʻAiʻai Pono
Ma waho o ka wā hānau a moulting, hoʻoponopono ʻia ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o nā sila i kani ʻia e ka loaʻa ʻana o ka meaʻai. Nui a hewahewa nā haʻawina o kā lākou papaʻai, a, me ka ʻokoʻa o nā ʻokoʻa āpana, hōʻike lākou i nā lauana maʻamau.
ʻO ka meaʻai nui o kēia mau holoholona he iʻa, ʻano o kahi māhele ʻāina. Ma ke ʻano he rula, ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku ma mua o 10-15 mau mea i hōʻino ʻia me 2-4 mau ʻano laha i loaʻa i ke kahua o ka sila. Hāpai lākou i nā meaʻai liʻiliʻi ma ka nui - a i 15 cm ka lōʻihi a hiki i 6 cm ka laulā.
ʻAi pinepine lākou i ka iʻa ma mua o nā invertebrates, akā pili pinepine ka koho i ke kau a me ka waiwai o ka iʻa i hopu ʻia. ʻO ka papaʻai a ka sila wili e komo pū ai me ka cod momona, perch, herring a me capelin, i nui i nā wai o ke kai ʻākau. ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana o nā invertebrates, he mea pili i ke kauwela, a predominates i ka papaʻai o nā holoholona ʻōpio.
Hoʻopiʻi hou
Hiki i nā sila wahine wahine ke oʻo makua i ka makahiki 4, ʻo ke kāne he 7 mau makahiki wale nō. ʻEli nā wahine i nā ana liʻiliʻi i ka hau mānoanoa ma ka pele hau a i ʻole ke kapakai. Hānau ʻia nā keiki ma hope o ka hāpai ʻana o ʻeiwa mahina ma Malaki a ʻApelila paha. Ma ke ʻano he kānāwai, hānau ʻia hoʻokahi cub. ʻO ka weaning mai ka waiū ma mua o 1 mau mahina wale nō. I kēia manawa, loaʻa i ke keiki hānau he 20 kg o ke kaupaona. I loko o kekahi mau pule, hiki iā lākou ma lalo o ka wai no 10 mau minuke.
ʻO Cub sila Seal
Ma hope o ka hānau ʻana o nā pēpē, hoʻomākaukau hou nā wahine e hoa, maʻamau i ka hopena o ʻApelila. Ma hope o ka momona, haʻalele ka mau kāne i ka makuahine e kali ana i kahi mea hou no ka hoʻopili ʻana.
ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke ola o nā sila i kani ʻia i ka nāhelehele, e like me nā kumuwaiwai like ʻole, he 25-30 mau makahiki.
Helu
Ua hōʻiliʻili ʻia a ua kālailai ʻia nā ʻike e pili ana i ka laha ʻana o nā wepa kuni i ka 2016 IUCN Red List no ʻelima mau ʻāpana i ʻike ʻia. ʻO nā kuhi o nā helu makua a me nā ʻano heluna kanaka no kēlā me kēia mau ʻaoʻao i lalo penei:
- Ke sila kani kani o Arctic - 1,450,000, ʻike ʻole ʻia ke au;
- Ke sila kani ʻia ʻo Okhotsk - 44,000, ʻike ʻole ʻia;
- ʻO ke sila kani o Baltic - 11,500, hoʻonui ka heluna kanaka;
- Ladoga - 3000-4500, kahi piʻi i luna;
- Saimaa - 135 - 190, kahi hoʻonui o nā subspecies.
Ma muli o ka pālākiō ākea, he paʻakikī loa e haki i ka helu kikoʻī o nā ʻāpana i ka Arctic a me Okhotsk. Ke kuhikuhi nei i nā kumu he nui, e like me nā wahi nui i noho ʻia e nā lāhui, ka noho kaulike ʻole ma nā wahi i nānā ʻia, a me ka pilina ʻike ʻole ʻia ma waena o nā mea i nānā ʻia a me nā mea i ʻike ʻole ʻia, pale i nā mea noiʻi mai ka hoʻokumu ʻana i kahi helu kikoʻī.
Eia nō naʻe, hōʻike nā helu i luna ʻo ka helu o nā mākua makua ma mua o 1.5 miliona, a ʻo ka nui o ka heluna kanaka ma mua o 3 miliona mau kānaka.
Palekana
Ma waho aʻe o nā bea polar, ka mea e hōʻike ai i ka makaʻu nui loa i nā sila ke komo lima, hāʻule pinepine kēia mau holoholona i nā walrus, nā ʻīlio hae, nā ʻīlio hae, nā ʻalopeke, a me nā manu koraka nui hoʻi a me nā ʻāpala e ʻimi holoholona.
Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole ia ka rula kūlohelohe o ka nui o ka heluna kanaka nāna i hoʻokumu i nā sila ke komo i loko o ka Red Book, akā ʻo ke kumu o ke kanaka. ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻoiai nā hana palekana āpau, nui nā poʻe o ke kūkulu ʻākau e hoʻomau i ka ʻimi i nā sila a hiki i kēia lā, ma ke ʻano he kumu waiwai o ka ʻiʻo a me nā ʻili.
Ma ka laulaha, i loko o nā papahana like ʻole, ʻaʻole i hana ʻia kahi mālama i loko o ka mine, kahi e hiki ai i nā sila ke hoʻopaʻa manuahi ke hoʻonui i ko lākou lehulehu.
