Hoʻonāukiuki nā kaiāulu e ka manaʻolana o kahi pulp a me kahi wili pepa ma ka waihona wai Rybinsk. ʻO kēia papahana, e hoʻohiki nei e lilo i ʻoi aku ka nui ma ʻEulopa, ke hoʻokō ʻia nei e ka hui ʻo SVEZA o nā hui i ka hana pū ʻana me ka poʻe Finn. "E kūkulu lākou i kahi pulp a me ka wili pepa, aia wale nō a hoʻokō ʻia ʻekolu mau kūlana: inā Finnish ka papahana o ka mea kanu, inā na Finn e kūkulu a inā kūkulu ʻia ka mea kanu ma Finelani! - ke kūʻē nei nā mea kūlohelohe. "Pepehi hope loa ka mea kanu i ka Volga a hoʻololi i ke ola o nā kānaka i gehena."
Pehea i hoʻomaka ai
Ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo ka papahana e lobbied e Alexey Mordashov, ke poʻo o Severstal, e hoʻokō ʻia ma ke ʻano he hui pilikino pilikino me ka ʻumeʻume o nā hōʻaiʻē haole. ʻOiaʻiʻo, i Kepakemapa 2018, ua komo ka hui Finnish Valmet i kahi kuʻikahi launa pū me SVEZA ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻolako i nā pono hana no nā hale aʻo o ka Vologda PPM. ʻOiaʻiʻo, e like me kekahi mau ʻike, e hāʻawi ʻia nā huahana o ka pulp hou a me ka wili pepa i Pinilana: ʻaʻole hoʻopau nā Finn iā lākou iho i ke kālaolaola, pani lākou i kā lākou pulp a me nā mea hana pepa, e like me ka nui o nā ʻāina ʻEulopa, e ʻike nei i ka pōʻino o kēia hana. Akā pono ka pepa! Kuhi kēia e kūʻai lākou mai Lūkia, no kekahi kumu ʻaʻole e minamina no kāna kumuwaiwai kūlohelohe a i ʻole kona poʻe.
"ʻO ke kūkulu ʻana i ka mea kanu e hōʻino i nā kūlohelohe, a, e like me ia, ke olakino - kā mākou a me kā mākou poʻe keiki a me nā moʻopuna! - huhū nā kaiaolaola. - E kūkulu lākou i ka pulp a me ka wili pepa, aia wale nō a hoʻokō ʻia ʻekolu mau kūlana: inā Finnish ka papahana o ka mea kanu, inā na Finn e kūkulu a inā kūkulu ʻia ka mea kanu ma Finelani! "
Ke kau inoa nei i kahi ʻaelike kūkulu
Hoʻonani nā kaiapuni āpau i nā bele a pau mai ka 2013, i ka manawa i kau inoa ai ka hui o ka hui ʻo SVEZA a me ke aupuni o ka moku ʻo Vologda i ka ʻaelike no ke kūkulu ʻana i ka pulp a me ka wili pepa ma ka waihona Rybinsk i $ 2 biliona. ʻAʻole hoʻohilahila ka poʻe ʻoihana i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo ʻeono mau mahina ma mua, ma lalo o ke kaomi a ka lehulehu, ua hoʻopau hope loa ʻia ʻo Baikal Pulp a me Paper Mill, e hoʻohaumia ana i ka loko nui loa ma ka honua. Hoʻolālā ka wili e hana i 1,3 miliona mau tona o cellulose, a ʻo kēia mea wili e 7 mau manawa ka ʻoi aku ka ikaika ma mua o ka Baikal mill. Aia kekahi ʻike e hoʻomaka paha ke kūkulu ʻana i kēia makahiki.
I ka makahiki 2013, ka nūhou e pili ana i kahi ulia pōpilikia e hiki mai ana i ka nalu o nā kūʻē mai nā kamaʻāina o ka Apana ʻo Cherepovets a me ka ʻĀina ʻo Vologda, a ʻo nā Yaroslavl a me nā Tver Regions. Eia kekahi, hōʻole nā mea kūʻai aku o ka papahana e launa pū me nā poʻe, ʻaʻole ʻae ʻia nā kamaʻāina e hele i ka hoʻolaha ʻana i ka "hālāwai hoʻolohe manaʻo lehulehu" i nā hoʻolaha āpau, ua hoʻopunipuni ʻia nā hopena. I kēia manawa, ua hōʻiliʻili nā mea hoʻouluulu he ʻumi tausani mau inoa o ka poʻe kūʻē. Ua hoʻopiʻi ka poʻe hoʻonāukiuki lehulehu i ka hoʻopiʻi no ka ʻaihue ʻana i kā lākou pono kīvila, akā ua hoʻokuʻu ka ʻaha i ka hoʻopiʻi, ke hilinaʻi nei i ka poʻe me ke kālā - ka hui ʻo SVEZA.
"SVEZA", i ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā koi e loaʻa i ka mea kanu nā wahi ʻoi loa o kēia manawa a hana i nā ʻenehana hou, a laila hōʻike pū ʻia me ke aloha i ka pulp a me ka wili pepa, e puka ana nā hana hou. “Kekee ka hoʻopaʻapaʻa. ʻO nā kamaʻāina āpau o ka ʻAha, kahi e manaʻo ʻia ai ka pulp a me ka wili pepa, e hele e hana ma Cherepovets. A mai Severstal, ma lalo o nā pretext like ʻole, ua hoʻomaka lākou e kāpae i ka poʻe i kau inoa i ka kūʻē, "i ʻōlelo ʻia e ke kaiaolaola kūloko ʻo Lidia Baikova.
Nā leka i ka Pelekikena
I Ianuali 2015, ua hoʻopiʻi ka luna o ka hui kaiaolaola ʻo Yaroslavl "Green Branch" Lidia Baikova i ka Pelekikena o ka Russian Federation me kahi noi e komo i ka hoʻoholo e kūkulu i kahi pulp a me ka pepa pepa ma ka waihona Rybinsk. ʻOiaʻiʻo, ua hoʻouna ʻia ka leka mai ka luna pelekikena i ke aupuni o ka moku Vologda, a ua hoʻomaka ka ʻoihana o ka hoʻomohala waiwai o ka moku ʻo Vologda me kahi pane pane. "Ua hoʻomaopopo ʻia mākou e hoʻoliʻiliʻi ka papahana i ka hopena o ke kaiapuni, a e like me kekahi mau palena, e hoʻomaʻemaʻe ka mea kanu i ka waihona Rybinsk," wahi a Lidia Baikova.
"Lawe ka poʻe loea i ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana o ka ʻoihana wale nō i ka wā o ka hana maʻamau. A inā ʻae ka mākaukau i ke kūkulu ʻana a lako pono ka mea kanu me nā ʻōnaehana hoʻomaʻemaʻe hou loa a maikaʻi, aia mau nō ka pilikia o kahi ulia, - wahi a Ilya Chugunov, kahi loea palekana ʻoihana, Saratov ecologist. - A ʻaʻole kēia i noʻonoʻo ʻia. Akā i ka hanana o kahi ulia, hiki ke hoʻokuʻu ʻia i kahi wai nui nui i loaʻa nā mea ʻona like ʻole i loko o ka waihona. A laila ka poino i loaʻa i ka wahi wai o ka waihona wai Rybinsk a me ka Volga i ka nui e miliona miliona, a inā lohi ka ulia, ʻoiai he mau piliona. ʻAʻole e hōʻike i ka luku nui ʻia o flora a me nā holoholona ”.
Ua pale aku ke kiaʻāina o ka moku ʻo Yaroslavl Dmitry Mironov i ka Volga, ke kahawai ʻo Rybinsk a me nā kamaʻāina kūloko. I loko o nā makahiki he nui, ua kamaʻilio pinepine ʻo ia i ka Pelekikena o ka Russian Federation ʻo Vladimir Putin, a me ke poʻo o ke aupuni Lūkini ʻo Dmitry Medvedev, e wehewehe kikoʻī ana i nā hopena maikaʻi ʻole o ka helehelena o ka mea kanu ma ka Vologda Region. ʻO ka hope ʻo Valentina Tereshkova, ka mea i alakaʻi i kēia manawa i kahi hui hope hana ma ka mokuʻāina Duma, ka mea e maopopo ai i ke kūlana, ua lilo i hoihoi i nā leka a Mironov. Ua kauoha ʻo Vladimir Putin i ke poʻo o ke Kuhina o nā Waiwai Kūlohelohe Dmitry Kobylkin e hoʻokaʻawale.
"Ua helu ʻia nā mea helu inā hana hewa ʻia nā kūlana hoʻokuʻu, hiki ke hōʻino ʻia ke kahawai ʻo Rybinsk i hoʻokahi mahina wale nō," i hoʻomaopopo ʻia nā ʻelele kūloko ma 2014.
A weliweli ke kūlana me ka pulp a me ka wili pepa mai nā ʻaoʻao āpau. ʻO ka mea mua, ua ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo nā mea hoʻopuni, e luku wale ka mea kanu i nā ululāʻau kūloko. Wahi a ka Code Forestry Code o ka Russian Federation, pāpā ʻia ka ʻoki ʻana i nā kū nahele ma nā ululāʻau e hana ana i nā hana o ka pale ʻana i nā mea kūlohelohe a me nā mea ʻē aʻe; pāpā ʻia nā papahana kūkulu kapikala ma nā wahi paka o ka ululāʻau, koe wale nō nā hanana nee. A ʻo ka hoʻololi ʻana i nā palena o nā wahi paka o ka ululāʻau, nā ʻāpana ʻōmaʻomaʻo a me nā ululāʻau o ke kūlanakauhale, ʻaʻole i ʻae ʻia ka hōʻemi ʻana i ko lākou wahi. Eia nō naʻe, ua hoʻololi ʻia nā ululaau kūloko i ʻāina ʻoihana, ʻoiai he kū kānāwai ʻole kēia.
Kaʻi pōpilikia
ʻO ka lua, ʻoiaʻiʻo, ua hoʻokumu ʻia kahi hanana catastrophic no ke kaiaola o ka ʻāina. I ka papa o ka hana ʻana i ka palaila a me nā wili pepa, hoʻohana ʻia nā mea ʻinoʻino - nā pulp a me nā wili pepa i ka hana ʻana o ka papa mua o ka weliweli. Hoʻokumu ʻia nā wai neoneo, e halihali i nā pūhui kemika like ʻole: ʻo kēia nā diorgan a me nā organyl sulfate, nā chloride a me nā chlorate o ka potassium a me nā māhoe, nā phenol, nā waikawa momona, dioxins, nā metala kaumaha. Hoʻohaumia ʻia ka ea, kahi e hoʻolei ʻia ai ka nui o nā pūhui ʻino loa. ʻO ka mea hope loa, aia ka pilikia o ka mālama ʻōpala a me ka hoʻolei ʻana: puhi ʻia paha lākou (akā weliweli loa kēia i ka lewa) a i hōʻiliʻili ʻia paha (e like me ka mea i hana ʻia ma Lake Baikal, ka mea i hana i nā pilikia nui loa ke pani ʻia ka pulp kūloko a me ka wili pepa).
Ma ke ala, hoʻi i kēlā mau makahiki, ma lalo o ke kaomi o ka huhū o ka lehulehu, ua paʻi ka hui SVEZA i ka ʻikepili EIA (ka nānā ʻana i ka hopena o ka hopena o ka nohona) i ka papa aupuni. ʻOiaʻiʻo, i kā lākou pono ponoʻī. E like me ka mea i hoʻololi ʻia i loko o hoʻokahi makahiki mai ka pulp a me ka wili pepa, hiki i ka waihona wai Rybinsk ke loaʻa iā 28.6 miliona m3 o ka wai hoʻoneʻe. ʻAe, hele ka wai hoʻowahā i loko o kahi ʻōnaehana mālama ʻelima pae, akā naʻe, e like me ka helu ʻana, ʻo nā kumu kāʻei kua i loko o ka wai i hoʻokuʻu ʻia i loko o ka waihona wai no nā manawa he nui nā kemika (a hiki i ka 100 mau manawa) i ʻoi aku. A ʻo ka hoʻoili ʻana i ka lewa e 7134 mau tona i kēlā me kēia makahiki, a e hāʻule lākou i nā papa kiʻekiʻe o ka lewa. Hiki i ka nui o nā ʻōpala ke hōʻea i 796 tausani tona i kēlā me kēia makahiki!
ʻO ka mea hope loa, ʻo kahi pilikia ʻē aʻe ka nalo ʻana o ka Volga, a ma ke ʻano maoli o ka huaʻōlelo!
Wahi a UNESCO, hoʻohana ʻia he 10 liters o ka wai e hana i hoʻokahi pepa pepa keʻokeʻo. A ke hoʻolālā nei ʻo Vologda PPM e lawe i 25 miliona mau mika cubic o ka wai i kēlā me kēia makahiki me ka hiki ke hoʻolālā ʻia o ka mea kanu ma 1 miliona mau mika cubic o cellulose i kēlā me kēia makahiki. Ma hea e hiki ai iā mākou ke kiʻi i ka wai nui inā ʻaʻole hoʻopili ka Volga i nā haumia ʻē aʻe, e komo pū ana me nā ʻoihana he nui ma Cherepovets (kahi e loaʻa ai nā hana ʻo Severstal), akā pāpaʻu pū kekahi.
Ka hōʻino ʻana o ka Volga
I ka hoʻomaka o Mei 2019, ua kani ka poʻe noho ma Kazan, Ulyanovsk, Samara, Nizhny Novgorod a me nā kūlanakauhale Volga ʻē aʻe: ua waiho ka wai ma Volga, ma nā wahi mehana o ka lalo. Wehewehe nā kaiāulu: aia ka pilikia i kahi cascade o 9 mau mea kanu uila ma Volga. Ua noho lōʻihi ka Volga e noho i kona ola kahawai kūlohelohe a noho aliʻi ʻia e ke kanaka. ʻO nā wai wai, ma ke ala, dilapidated.
Akā i kekahi mau makahiki i hala aku nei, ua ʻōlelo ʻo Vladimir Putin, e pili ana i ka mea nui o ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka mākaʻikaʻi kahawai ma Rūsia, kahi pono nui e hoʻomaikaʻi i ke ʻano o nā kahawai a hoʻonā i ka pilikia o ka papaʻu o ke kahawai ʻo Volga. Akā inā e lawe ka pulp a me ka wili pepa i ka wai a pau mai ka Volga, e haʻalele nei, a laila pehea a ʻo wai hoʻi e hoʻokō i nā ʻōlelo a ka pelekikena?!
I kēia manawa aia he 39 mau kumuhana o ka Russian Federation ma Volga, ma kahi o ka hapalua o ka heluna kanaka o Rūsia e noho nei. Ua lōʻihi ka pilikia o ka maikaʻi o ka wai Volga, i hoʻohana ʻia no ka lako wai. “Pehea e noho ai ko mākou mau ʻohana inā nele mākou i ka wai maʻemaʻe? He aha kā mākou e inu ai, pehea mākou e kanu ai i ka palaoa a me nā mea kanu i ko mākou ʻāina, pehea mākou e hānai ai i kā mākou keiki inā ʻo Rybinsk Reservoir a me Volga e lilo i kahi ʻōpala pāpaʻu? " - huhū nā kaiaola kūloko, e manaʻoʻiʻo nei i nā hopena o ka hana o ka pulp hou a me ka wili pepa hiki ke lilo i genocide e pili ana i nā kamaʻāina kūloko. ʻAʻole e hōʻike i ke kaolaola o nā ʻāina: e luku wale ʻia ka wai, nā mea ulu a me nā holoholona.