He mammal ʻo Reindeer o ka ʻohana dia a i ʻole ʻo Cervidae, e komo pū ana me nā dia, nā elk, a me nā wapiti. E like me nā poʻe ʻē aʻe i ko lākou ʻohana, he mau wāwae, kuʻikuʻu, a me nā pepeiaohao ka lōʻihi. Ua loaʻa nā heluna kanaka i ka tundra arctic a me nā ululāʻau pili kokoke o Greenland, Scandinavia, Russia, Alaska a me Kanada. ʻElua mau ʻano a i ʻole nā ecotypes: tundra dia a me nā dia nahele. Hele ʻo Tundra dia ma waena o tundra a me ka ululāʻau i loko o nā pūʻā nui a hiki i ka hapalua miliona mau kānaka i ka pōʻaiapuni makahiki, e uhi ana i kahi ma kahi o 5,000 km. ʻOi aku ka liʻiliʻi o nā dia.
Ma ʻAmelika ʻĀkau, ua kapa ʻia nā dia ʻo caribou, ma ʻEulopa - reindeer.
Manaʻo kekahi poʻe akeakamai ʻo ka dia kekahi o nā holoholona mua. Wahi a ka Smithsonian, ua hoʻomake mua ʻia ma kahi o 2000 mau makahiki i hala. Hoʻohana mau ka poʻe Arctic i kēia holoholona no ka meaʻai, nā lole a me kahi hoʻomaha mai ke anilā.
ʻO ka helehelena a me nā palena
Heʻuʻuku ka nui o ka dia, he kino elongated, kahi ʻāʻī lōʻihi a me nā wāwae. Ke ulu nei nā kāne mai 70 a 135 cm i ka maloʻo, ʻoiai hiki ke kiʻekiʻe i 180 a 210 cm, ʻo ke kaupaona ʻana ma ka awelika mai 65 a 240 kg. ʻOi aku ka liʻiliʻi o nā wahine a me ka lokomaikaʻi, ke piʻi nei ko lākou kiʻekiʻe ma ka ʻāina o 170-190 cm, a aia ko lākou kaupaona ma 55-140 kg.
Mānoanoa ka huluhulu, hakahaka ka paila, kahi e hoʻomalu ai i ke kau anuanu. Hoʻololi ke kala i ka kau. I ke kauwela, keʻokeʻo nā dia i ke kala, a i ka hoʻoilo huli lākou i ʻeleʻele.
ʻO Reindeer ka holoholona wale nō me nā antlers o nā kāne ʻelua. A ʻoiai i nā wahine hiki lākou i 50 cm wale nō, hiki i nā kāne ke ulu, e like me nā kumuwaiwai like ʻole, mai 100 a 140 cm, ke kaupaona ʻia 15 kg. ʻAʻole lawelawe nā anela deer i mea hoʻonaninani wale nō, akā ma ke ʻano he ʻano pale.
ʻO ka hoʻoulu holoholona Reindeer
ʻOi aku ʻo Reindeer i ka wā ʻōpio i ka makahiki 4 o ke ola. I kēia manawa ua mākaukau lākou e hānai. Hoʻomaka ka wā male ma ʻOkakopa a hala 11 mau lā wale nō. ʻO nā kāne ʻo Tundra, hui pū ʻia me nā wahine i nā hui he mau kaukani, loaʻa ka manawa kūpono e loaʻa i kahi hoa no lākou iho a pale i nā hakakā koʻikoʻi me nā mea hoʻokūkū e ka hāʻule. ʻOi aku ka makemake o nā dia dia e hakakā no ka wahine. I nā kūlana ʻelua, hānau ʻia nā keiki bipi ʻōpio ma hope o 7.5 mau mahina o ka hānau ma Mei a Iune paha o ka makahiki e hiki mai ana. Loaʻa ke kaumaha i nā keiki bipi, ʻoiai ʻoi aku ka momona a momona o ka waiū o kēia mau holoholona ma mua o nā ungulate ʻē aʻe. Ma hope o hoʻokahi mahina, hiki iā ia ke hoʻomaka e hānai iā ia iho, akā maʻamau ka lōʻihi o ka manawa o ka hānai ʻana a hiki i 5-6 mau mahina.
Minamina, make ka hapalua o nā keiki bipi hānau hou, no ka mea maʻalahi lākou i nā ʻīlio hae, lynxes a me nā bea. ʻO ke ola ke ola ma kahi o 15 mau makahiki i ka nāhelehele, 20 i ka pio.
ʻO ka nohona a me nā maʻamau
I ka nahelehele, loaʻa nā dia ma Alaska, Kanada, Greenland, North Europe, a me ʻAkau ʻAkau ʻAkau ma tundra, nā mauna, a me nā wahi ulu lāʻau. Wahi a ka Encyclopedia Britannica, hiki i ko lākou wahi noho a 500 km2. ʻO hibundate ʻo Tundra dia i loko o nā ululāʻau a hoʻi i ka tundra i ka wā puna. I ke kauwela, neʻe hou lākou i ka nahele.
He nohona pili kai loa ka dia. No laila, noho lākou i nā hui nui mai 6 a 13 mau makahiki, a hiki i ka nui o nā kānaka i loko o nā pūʻā manu ke helu mai nā haneli a 50,000 mau poʻo. I ka puna, hoʻonui lākou i kā lākou helu. ʻO ka neʻe ʻana i ka hema e ʻimi i nā meaʻai i ka hoʻoilo a hui pū kekahi.
I kēia lā aia ma kahi o 4.5 miliona mau ʻāhiu hihiu ma ka honua. Aia ka hapa nui o lākou ma ʻAmelika Hema, a ʻo 1 miliona wale nō i hāʻule ma ka ʻaoʻao Eurasia. ʻO kēia ka ʻākau o Rūsia. Akā ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻākau o ʻEulopa, ma kahi o 3 miliona mau reindeer hanauna e ola nei. A hiki i kēia manawa, he mau holoholona traction pono lākou no nā kahu hipa kuʻuna o Scandinavia a me taiga Russia.
Hoʻohana ʻia kā lākou waiū a me ka iʻa no ka meaʻai, a hoʻohana ʻia ko lākou ʻili mehana e hana i nā lole a me kahi hale. Hoʻohana ʻia nā pepeiaohao i ka hana ʻana i nā forgeries a me totem.
ʻAiʻai Pono
ʻO nā Reindeer nā mea kanu lāʻau, ʻo ia hoʻi hānai wale lākou i nā meaʻai mea kanu. ʻO ka papaʻai o ka reindeer i ka lau mauʻu, sedge, nā lau ʻōmaʻomaʻo o nā nāhelehele a me nā ʻōpio o nā lāʻau. I ka hāʻule, neʻe lākou i nā lau nahele a me nā lau. I loko o kēia wā, ʻai nā dia makua, e like me ka San Zoo Zoo, ma kahi o 4-8 kg o nā mea kanu i kēlā me kēia lā.
I ka hoʻoilo, liʻiliʻi loa ka papaʻai, a hoʻopili pū i nā laikini kiʻekiʻe me nā mimiki kiʻekiʻe, a lākou e ʻohi ai mai lalo o ka uhi o ka hau. Hoʻomaopopo ke kūlohelohe i ka hoʻokahe ʻana o nā wahine i ko lākou mau kiwi ma hope o nā kāne. No laila, pale lākou i ka lako o ka meaʻai mai ka intrusion waho.
ʻIkepili Hoihoi
- Ua nalowale nā dia kāne kāne i ko lākou mau ʻono i Nowemapa, ʻoiai e mālama lōʻihi nā wahine iā lākou.
- Kūkulu ʻia ka dia e kū ai i nā hau hau loa. Hoʻomaʻamaʻa ko lākou ihu i ka ea ma mua o ka hiki ʻana i kā lākou mau māmā, a uhi ʻia ko lākou kino holoʻokoʻa, e like me nā mākia, me ka lauoho.
- Hiki i nā dia ke hōʻea i nā wikiwiki o 80 km / h.
