ʻO ka liona (Panthera leo) kahi māmela nui o ka ʻohana Felidae (feline). Kaupaona nā kāne ma luna o 250 kg. Ua noho nā liona ma ʻApelika-Sahara ʻApelika a me ʻAsia, ua hoʻopili ʻia i nā nāhelehele a me nā ʻano huikau me nā lāʻau a me ka mauʻu.
Nā ʻano liona
Liona koa (Panthera leo persica)
Liona Asiatic
ʻIke ʻia nā pūlima o ka lauoho ma nā kuʻekuʻe a ma ka hope o ka huelo, nā māiʻuʻu ikaika a me nā ʻiʻo ʻoiʻoi e huki ai lākou i ka mea ma ka honua. He melemele ʻalani nā kāne a i ʻole ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele, one one a ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻōmaʻomaʻo hoʻi nā liona wahine. ʻO ka mane o nā liona ʻeleʻele i ke kala, ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele, pōkole ma mua o ko ka liona ʻApelika.
Liona Senegala (Panthera leo senegalensis)
ʻO ka liʻiliʻi loa o nā liona ʻApelika hema o ka Sahara, e noho ana ma ʻApelika komohana mai ka Central African Republic a Senegal ma 1,800 mau kānaka i nā haʻaheo liʻiliʻi.
Liona Senegala
Liona Barbary (Panthera leo leo)
Liona Barbary
ʻO ka liona ʻApelika ʻĀkau hoʻi i ʻike ʻia. Ua loaʻa ma mua kēia mau ʻāpana i ʻAigupita, Tunisia, Morocco a me Algeria. Pau ʻole ma muli o ka hahai holoholona ʻole ʻana. ʻO ka liona hope loa i kī ʻia ma 1920 ma Morocco. I kēia lā, manaʻo ʻia kekahi mau liona i ka hoʻopaʻa pio ʻana he mau liona o nā liona Barbary a kaupaona ma luna o 200 kg.
Liona Congolese ʻĀkau (Panthera leo azandica)
Liona Congolese ʻĀkau
ʻO ka maʻamau hoʻokahi kala paʻa, ʻeleʻele lahilahi a melemele gula paha. E māmā ke kala mai ke kua a i nā wāwae. ʻO nā mane o nā kāne he ʻanoʻeleʻele o ke gula a brown paha a ʻike ʻia ka mānoanoa aʻoi aku ka lōʻihi ma mua o ke koena o ka hulu o ke kino.
Liona ʻApelika Hikina (Panthera leo nubica)
Liona ʻApelika Hikina
Loaʻa ma Kenya, ʻAitiopa, Mozambique a me Tanzania. Ua emi lākou i nā kua i hoʻopaʻa ʻia a me nā wāwae lōʻihi ma mua o nā subspecies ʻē aʻe. Ulu ka hulu lauoho ma nā hui kuli o nā kāne. ʻIke ʻia e kāwili ʻia nā mane, a ʻoi aku ka nui o nā manes ma mua o nā liona ʻōpio. ʻO ka liona kāne ma ka mauna ʻoi aku ka nui o ka mane ma mua o nā mea e noho ana i nā wahi haʻahaʻa.
Liona ʻApelika Hema (Panthera leo bleyenberghi)
Liona ʻApelika Hema
Loaʻa ma ke komohana o Zambia a me Zimbabwe, Angola, Zaire, Namibia a me ka ʻākau ʻo Botswana. ʻO kēia mau liona i waena o ka nui o nā liona āpau. Kaupaona nā kāne ma kahi o 140–242 kg, nā wahine ma kahi o 105–170 kg. ʻOi aku ka māmā o nā mane o nā kāne ma mua o nā subspecies ʻē aʻe.
Liona ʻApelika Hema (Panthera leo krugeri)
Hana ʻia ma ka Pāka Aupuni ʻApelika Hema a me Swaziland Royal National Park. ʻO ka hapa nui o nā kāne o kēia mau ʻāpana i kahi mane ʻeleʻele ulu maikaʻi. ʻO ke kaupaona o nā kāne ma kahi o 150-250 kg, wahine - 110-182 kg.
Liona keʻokeʻo
Liona keʻokeʻo
Noho nā kānaka me ka hulu keʻokeʻo i ka pio i ka Kruger National Park a ma ka Reserve Timbavati ma ka hikina o ʻApelika Hema. ʻAʻole lākou he liona, akā nā holoholona me ka mutation.
ʻO ka ʻike pōkole e pili ana i nā liona
I ka wā kahiko, holoholo nā liona i nā ʻāina āpau, akā nalowale mai ʻApelika ʻAkau a me ʻAkau Hema ʻAsia i nā wā mōʻaukala. A hiki i ka hopena o ka Pleistocene, ma kahi o 10,000 mau makahiki i hala aku nei, ʻo ka liona ka nui o ka mammal ʻāina nui ma hope o nā kānaka.
No ʻelua mau makahiki i ka hapa lua o ke kenekulia 20, ua ʻike ʻo ʻApelika i ka emi ʻana o 30-50% ma ka heluna liona. ʻO ka nalowale o ka nohona a me nā hakakā me nā poʻe ke kumu o ka luku ʻia o kēia ʻano.
Noho nā liona 10 a 14 mau makahiki i ke kūlohelohe. Noho lākou i ka noho pio ʻana a hiki i 20 mau makahiki. I ke kūlohelohe, ʻaʻole ola nā kāne ma mua o 10 mau makahiki no ka mea ʻo nā ʻeha mai ka hakakā ʻana me nā kāne ʻē aʻe e hoʻopōkole ana i ko lākou ola.
ʻOiai ʻo ka inoa i kapa ʻia ʻo "King of the Jungle", ʻaʻole noho nā liona i ka ululāʻau, akā i ka savannah a me nā kula, kahi e ulu ai nā nāhelehele a me nā kumu lāʻau. Hoʻololi ʻia nā liona no ke kiʻi ʻana i nā holoholona i nā wahi hānai.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ka anatomy liona
He ʻekolu ʻano niho o nā liona
- ʻO nā lūlū, nā niho liʻiliʻi i mua o ka waha, paʻa a ʻiʻo i ka ʻiʻo.
- ʻO Fangs, nā niho nui ʻehā (ma nā ʻaoʻao ʻelua o nā incisors), e kiʻi ana i ka lōʻihi o 7 cm, e haehae nei i ka ʻili a me kaʻiʻo.
- Hana ʻo Carnivorous, nā niho ʻoi loa ma ka hope o ka waha e like me nā ʻokiʻoki e ʻoki ai i ka ʻiʻo.
Paws a me nā māiʻuʻu
Ua like nā wāwae me ko ka pōpoki, akā ʻoi aku, ʻoi aku ka nui. ʻElima mau manamana wāwae ma ko lākou mau wāwae mua a ʻehā ma ko lākou mau wāwae hope. E kōkua ka paʻi paw o ka liona iā ʻoe e koho ehia mau makahiki o ka holoholona, inā he kāne a he wahine paha.
Hoʻokuʻu nā liona i ko lākou mau māiʻuʻu. ʻO kēia ka mea e hoʻolōʻihi a laila hoʻopaʻa, hūnā ma lalo o ka hulu. Piʻi nā māiʻu i 38 mm ka lōʻihi, ikaika a ʻoi. ʻO ka lima o ka manamana lima ma ka ʻaoʻao mua ka mua, hana e like me ka manamana nui i loko o nā kānaka, e paʻa ana i ka mea pio i ka wā e ʻai ana.
ʻLelo
Kūleʻa ke alelo o ka liona, e like me ka pepa one, uhi ʻia i ke kākalaioa i kapa ʻia he papillae, huli hope i hope a hoʻomaʻemaʻe i kaʻiʻo o nā iwi a me ka lepo mai ka hulu. Hoʻonāukiuki kēia mau kakalaioa i ke alelo, inā palu ka liona i ka hope o ka lima i mau manawa, e noho ʻili ʻole ia.
Hulu
Hānau ʻia nā liona liona me ke kapa hina hina me nā kiko ʻeleʻele e uhi ana i ka hapa nui o ke kua, nā wāwae a me ka waha. Kōkua kēia mau kiko i nā keiki e kāwili pū me nā wahi a puni, e aneane hiki ʻole ke ʻike ʻia i nā kumu lāʻau a mauʻu kiʻekiʻe. Pau nā kiko ma kahi o ʻekolu mau mahina, ʻoiai ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o kekahi a holomua i ka wā makua. I ka wā ʻōpio o ke ola, lilo ka huluhulu i mānoanoa aʻoi aku ke gula.
Mane
Ma waena o 12 a 14 mau makahiki o ka makahiki, hoʻomaka nā pups kāne e ulu i nā lauoho lōʻihi a puni ka umauma a me ka ʻāʻī. Hoʻonui ʻia ka mane a pouli hoʻi me ka makahiki. I kekahi mau liona, komo i loko o ka ʻōpū a i nā wāwae hope. ʻAʻohe mane o nā liona wahine. Mane:
- pale i ka ʻāʻī i ka wā o ka hakakā;
- hoʻoweliweli aku i nā liona ʻē aʻe a me nā holoholona nui e like me nā rhino;
- he ʻāpana o ka hana o ka pili.
ʻO ka lōʻihi a me ka malu o kahi mane liona e pili ana i kahi e noho ai. ʻOi aku ka pōkole o nā liona e noho ana i nā wahi mehana a ʻoi aku ka māmā ma mua o ka poʻe i nā anuanu anuanu. Hoʻololi ke kala e like me ka hoʻololi ʻana o ka mahana i ka makahiki.
ʻUmi ʻumiʻumi
ʻO ke kinona maʻalahi kokoke i ka ihu e kōkua i ke kaiapuni. He kiko ʻeleʻele ko kēlā me kēia antenna ma ke aʻa. Kūlike kēia mau kiko i kēlā me kēia liona, e like me nā manamana lima. ʻOiai ʻaʻohe mau liona ʻelua me ke ʻano like, hoʻokaʻawale nā mea noiʻi i nā holoholona mai iā lākou i ke kūlohelohe.
Huelo
He huelo lōʻihi ko ka liona e kōkua ai i ke kaulike. He lola ʻeleʻele ko ka liona o ka liona ma ka hopena i puka ma waena o 5 a me 7 mau makahiki o ko lāua mau makahiki. Hoʻohana nā holoholona i ka palaki e alakaʻi i ka haʻaheo ma o ka mauʻu lōʻihi. Hāpai nā wahine i ko lākou huelo, hāʻawi i kahi hōʻailona e "hahai iaʻu" i nā keiki, hoʻohana iā ia e launa pū kekahi me kekahi. Hōʻike ka huelo i ka manaʻo o ka holoholona.
Nā Maka
Hānau ʻia nā keiki liona a makapō a hāmama i ko lākou mau maka ke piha ka makahiki ʻekolu a ʻehā paha lākou. ʻO ko lākou mau maka i ka polū-hina hina i ke kala a huli ʻalani-brown ma waena o ʻelua a me ʻekolu mau makahiki o ko lākou mau makahiki.
Nui nā maka o ka liona me nā haumāna puni he ʻekolu manawa ka nui o nā kānaka. ʻO ka eyelid ʻelua, i kapa ʻia ʻo ka membrane blinking, hoʻomaʻemaʻe a pale i ka maka. ʻAʻole hoʻoneʻe nā liona i ko lākou mau maka mai kekahi ʻaoʻao ai kekahi ʻaoʻao, no laila huli lākou i ko lākou mau poʻo e nānā i nā mea mai ka ʻaoʻao.
I ka pō, hōʻike ka uhi ma ke kua o ka maka i ka mahina. Hoʻonui kēia i ka hihiʻo o ka liona 8 mau manawa ma mua o ko ke kanaka. Hōʻike ka hulu keʻokeʻo ma lalo o nā maka i nā kukui i loko o ka haumāna.
Laumakona ʻaʻala
Hāpai nā glands a puni ka auwae, nā lehelehe, nā pāpālina, nā ʻumiʻumi, ka huelo, a ma waena o nā manamana wāwae e hana i nā mea aila e mālama pono i ka hulu a me ka wai ʻole. Loaʻa i nā kānaka nā momona e like me ka momona o ko lākou lauoho inā ʻaʻole holoi ʻia no kekahi manawa.
ʻIke o ka pilau
ʻO kahi wahi liʻiliʻi i ka waha e ʻae i ka liona e "ʻala" i nā pilau i ka lewa. Ma ka hōʻike ʻana i nā ʻiʻo a me nā alelo e puka ana, hopu nā liona i ke ʻala e ʻike inā mai kahi mea e ʻai ana.
Lohe ʻana
He lohe maikaʻi nā liona. Huli lākou i ko lākou pepeiao i nā ʻaoʻao ʻokoʻa, hoʻolohe i nā aʻa a puni lākou, a lohe i nā mea pio mai kahi 1.5 km mai kahi mamao aku.
Pehea nā liona e kūkulu ai i nā pilina me kekahi
Noho nā liona i nā hui kaiaulu, haʻaheo, pili lākou i nā wahine pili, kā lākou keiki a hoʻokahi a ʻelua paha kāne kāne makua. ʻO nā liona nā pōpoki e noho wale ana i nā hui. He haʻaheo ka ʻumi a ke kanahā liona. He teritori ponoʻī ko kēlā me kēia haʻaheo. ʻAʻole ʻae nā liona i nā mea ʻino ʻē aʻe e ʻimi holoholona i kā lākou pae.
Kahi leo ka liona, a hoʻohana lākou ia mea e aʻoaʻo aku i nā liona mai nā haʻaheo ʻē aʻe a i ʻole nā mea mehameha i ʻole lākou e komo i ka ʻāina haole. Lohe ʻia ka leo nui o ka liona ma kahi mamao a 8 km.
Hoʻomohala ka liona i ka wikiwiki a i 80 km i kēlā me kēia hola ma kahi mamao aku a lele ma luna o 9 m. ʻO ka hapa nui o nā poʻe i holo e holo wikiwiki ma mua o ka liona awelika. No laila, alualu lākou i nā hui, stalk a i ʻole ke hoʻokokoke ʻana i kā lākou mea pio. Hoʻopuni mua lākou iā ia, a laila hana lākou i kahi wikiwiki, lele koke mai ka mauʻu kiʻekiʻe. Hānai wahine, kōkua nā kāne inā pono e luku i kahi holoholona nui. E hana i kēia, hoʻohana ʻia nā māiʻi i hiki ke hoʻihoʻi ʻia, a hana ia e like me nā lou grappling e paʻa ai ka mea pio.
He aha nā liona e ʻai ai?
ʻO nā liona nā holoholona a me nā mea ʻai holoholona. Hana ʻo Carrion ma luna o 50% o kā lākou papaʻai. ʻAi nā liona i nā holoholona i make i nā kumu kūlohelohe (nā maʻi) i pepehi ʻia e nā mea ʻino ʻē aʻe. Nānā lākou i nā aeto e pīpī nei no ka mea he mea make a holoholona ʻeha paha ma kahi kokoke.
ʻAi ka liona i ka mea pio nui, e like me:
- nā ʻaukāne;
- antelope;
- zebras;
- wildebeest;
- nā mikira;
- nā bufalo.
Pepehi lākou lākou i nā ʻelepani, akā ke komo wale nā mākua a pau mai ka haʻaheo i ka huli holoholona. ʻOiai makaʻu ka ʻelepani i nā liona pōloli. Ke kakaʻikahi ka meaʻai, alualu ka liona i nā mea ʻai liʻiliʻi a i ʻole hoʻouka i nā mea ʻino ʻē aʻe. ʻAi nā liona i ka 69 kg o ka ʻiʻo i kēlā me kēia lā.
ʻO ka mauʻu kahi e noho ai nā liona ʻaʻole pōkole a ʻōmaʻomaʻo paha, akā kiʻekiʻe a ma ka hapanui o nā hihia brownish ke kala i ke kala. ʻO ka hulu o ka liona ka like o ka waihoʻoluʻu me kēia lau nahele, e paʻakikī ana lākou e ʻike.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ka loina o ka pākaukau o nā pōpoki predatory
Alualu nā liona i kā lākou mea pio no kekahi mau hola, akā pepehi kanaka lākou i loko o kekahi mau minuke. Ma hope o ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana o ka wahine i kahi kani haʻahaʻa, kāhea i ka haʻaheo e hui pū me ka pāʻina. ʻO ka mea mua, ʻai nā kāne kāne makua, a laila wahine, a laila nā cubs. ʻAi ʻo Liona i kā lākou mea pio ma kahi o 4 mau hola, akā ʻā iki ka ʻai ʻana i ka iwi, hyenas a me nā ʻohue hoʻopau i ke koena. Ma hope o ka ʻai ʻana, hiki i ka liona ke inu i ka wai no 20 mau minuke.
I mea e hōʻalo ai i ka wela o ke awakea weliweli, alualu nā liona i ke ahiahi, ke kōkua ka pōuliuli o ka napoʻo ʻana o ka lā e peʻe mai kahi pio. Heʻike maikaʻi ka liona, no laila ʻaʻole pilikia ka pouli iā lākou.
Liona hānau i ke kūlohelohe
Mākaukau ka liona wahine e lilo i makuahine ke huli ka wahine i 2-3 mau makahiki. Kapa ʻia nā pahu liona he keiki liona. Hāpai ka hāpai i 3 1/2 mau mahina. Hānau makapō nā keiki. ʻAʻole wehe nā maka a kokoke i hoʻokahi pule, a ʻaʻole ʻike maikaʻi a ʻelua paha mau pule i hala. ʻAʻohe o Liona kahi lua (home) kahi a lākou e noho ai no kahi manawa lōʻihi. Hūnā ka liona wahine i kāna mau keiki i loko o nā ululāʻau nui, nā awawa a i waena o nā pōhaku. Inā ʻike ʻia ka puʻuhonua e nā mea ʻino ʻē aʻe, neʻe ka makuahine i nā keiki i kahi puʻuhonua hou. Hōʻike nā keiki liona i ka haʻaheo ma kahi o 6 mau makahiki o ko lākou makahiki.
Pilikia nā keiki ke hele ka liona wahine i ka hopu holoholona a pono e haʻalele i kāna mau keiki. Eia hou, ke kiki ke kāne hou i kahi kāne alpha mai ka haʻaheo, pepehi ʻo ia i kāna mau keiki. Hoʻopili pū nā māmā me ke alakaʻi hou, ʻo ia hoʻi nā keiki keiki nāna kāna keiki hou. Hānau ʻia kahi ʻōpala o 2 a 6, maʻa mau he 2-3 mau liona liona, a he 1-2 mau keiki wale nō ke ola a ʻike lākou i ka haʻaheo. Ma hope o kēlā, pale ka ʻohana holoʻokoʻa iā lākou.
Liona liʻiliʻi
Liona a me nā kānaka
ʻAʻohe ʻenemi kūlohelohe o nā liona ma mua o nā kānaka i alualu ʻia iā lākou no nā kenekulia. I kekahi manawa, ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā liona ma ka hema o ʻEulopa a me ka hema ʻo ʻAsia hikina i ka ʻākau a me ka waena o India a ma ʻApelika holoʻokoʻa.
ʻO ka liona hope loa ma ʻEulopa i make ma waena o 80-100 AD. Ma ka 1884, ʻo nā liona wale nō i koe ma India aia ma ka Gir Forest, kahi i koe he kakini wale nō i koe. Ua make paha lākou i nā wahi ʻē aʻe ma ka hema o ʻAsia, e like me ʻIrana a me ʻIraka, ma hope koke iho o ka makahiki 1884. Mai ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke kenekulia 20, ua pale ʻia nā liona ʻAsiatic e nā kānāwai kūloko, a ua ulu mau ko lākou helu i nā makahiki i hala.
Ua luku ʻia nā liona ma ʻApelika ʻākau. Ma waena o 1993 a me 2015, ua hela nā heluna liona ma Central a me ʻApelika Komohana. Ma ka hema o ʻApelika, noho paʻa ka heluna kanaka a hoʻonui ʻia. Noho nā liona i nā wahi mamao i noho ʻole ʻia e kānaka. ʻO ka hoʻolaha ʻana o ka mahiʻai a me ka hoʻonui ʻana o ka nui o nā noho i nā ʻāina liona ma mua ke kumu o ka make.
