Iole mole nunui he holoholona endemikaha laha ʻole e noho ana i lalo o ka honua. ʻO Spalax giganteus ka inoa Lākina no kahi mammal e huikau pinepine ʻia me kahi mole, ʻoiai ʻoi aku ka nui o nā manawa ma mua o kēia insectivore. ʻO ka nohona malū a me ka heluna liʻiliʻi e pale i ka hoʻopaʻa piha ʻana i ke ʻano o ka holoholona.
Ke kumu o ka laha a me ka wehewehe
Kiʻi: ʻiole mole nunui
ʻO ka lunamakaʻāinana nui o ka ʻohana ʻiole mole e pili ana i nā rodent burrowing, me nā zokors a me kahi ʻiole ʻohe. Manaʻo ʻia ʻo kēia ka lālā kahiko loa o ke kauoha o ka iole. Ma mua, ua manaʻo ʻia ua ulu a hoʻololi ʻia kēlā me kēia ʻano o kēia ʻohana i ke ola ma lalo o ka honua nona iho, akā ma hope ua hōʻoia nā pilina i kā lākou pilina a hui ʻia i hoʻokahi hui monophyletic.
Ua loaʻa nā lunamakaʻā o nā iole mole i ka Pliocene mua mai nā ʻaoʻao komohana o Ukraine, a hiki i ka ʻākau o ka moku Volga, ma Ciscaucasia, ma Trans-Urals. Ua hoʻokūpaʻa nā haʻawina Cytogenetic i ka ʻōnaehana haʻihaʻi o ka genus Spalax Güldenstaedt - ʻiole mole. ʻAʻole i loaʻa kahi koena o nā ʻiole mole nunui mai ka wā ma mua o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka Halocene.
Video: ʻiole mole nunui
Ma mua, ua manaʻo ʻia kēia ʻano iole mole he subspecies o ka mea maʻamau, ʻoiai ʻokoʻa ka nui o ke kala a me ka nui. ʻO ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o kēia mau holoholona i subgenera ʻokoʻa, ma nā puka o ka ʻāpana o ke kino, ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻopaʻa ʻia. Ua hōʻike ʻia nā noiʻi i loko o kahi ʻiole mole liʻiliʻi, ʻaʻole nā lua, akā ʻo fossae liʻiliʻi wale nō, a ʻokoʻa paha kā lākou helu. ʻO ka pinepine he ʻelua o lākou, akā aia pū kekahi a ʻekolu paha, hoʻokahi puka o ka pilikua.
ʻO ka genus o nā ʻiole mole nā, me ka pilikua, ʻehā mau ʻano hou aʻe:
- maʻamau;
- one;
- Bukovinian;
- pālolo
Hoʻohui ʻia, aia kahi ʻano o nā ʻiole mole liʻiliʻi, kahi e hoʻopili ai i ka liʻiliʻi, Palestinian a me ke kani ʻole ʻana. ʻOkoʻa nā holoholona i ka helehelena a me ka nui, a me ka nohona, like ko lākou nohona. He makapō maoli nā holoholona, ʻaʻohe o nā maka hōʻemi i koe, hūnā lākou ma lalo o ka ʻili.
ʻO ka helehelena a me nā hiʻohiʻona
Kiʻi: ʻiole mole nunui holoholona
I kēia mau koʻokoʻo e like me ka iole, hoʻololi ʻia nā mea āpau i ka nohona o ka honua. ʻO ke kino e like me ka pōkā, me kahi poʻo kone i ka ihu, aneane ʻaʻole i kaha ʻia i ka hoʻololi o ke ʻano o ka ʻāʻī. Ma ke kūpono ʻole, ʻaʻole hoʻomohala ʻia nā auricle, a ʻaneʻane ʻaʻole hōʻike ʻia ka huelo.
Hele nā ʻāpana o nā bristles ākea mai nā pepeiao a ka ihu; hana lākou i ka hana a ka vibrissae, ke komo nei i ke kaʻina hana o ka hoʻopā. Loaʻa ʻo Vibrissae ma ka ʻōpū, ka lae, ma ka hapa hope o ke kino. Nui ka ihu, ʻili, me nā pelu e uhi i nā puka ihu, e pale ana iā lākou mai ke komo ʻana o nā huna lepo i ka wā e ʻeli ana.
Me he mea lā e kahe ana nā lehelehe a puni nā incisors mua, e puka ikaika ana mai ka waha. Eia kekahi, ma ka iwi ā luna a ma lalo, aia he ʻekolu molara ma kēlā me kēia ʻaoʻao. He ākea a nui ʻole nā incisors, me kahi hakahaka nui ma waena o lākou. ʻO ka ʻaoʻao i mua ākea he iwi iwi ihu pōkole a me ka lehelehe ma mua o nā ʻano ʻē aʻe e pili ana, a aia ka haʻahaʻa ma lalo. Wehe wale ka lehelehe i ka waha ke ʻai.
Pōkole nā wāwae o ke koʻokoʻo, ʻelima mau manamana, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā wāwae hope ma mua o ka mua, ua liʻiliʻi nā māiʻuʻu. ʻO nā pā, ʻaʻole like me nā holoholona ʻē aʻe e ʻeli ana, hoʻomohala maikaʻi ʻole ʻia. Kolo kahi māmala ma nā lua. ʻO kēia ka lālā nui loa o ka ʻohana, mānoanoa a elongated iki, e like me ka cushion o ka mutaka, hiki i ke kaumaha o 700-1000 g. Hiki i ke koʻokoʻo i ka lōʻihi o 30 cm, a ʻo ka lōʻihi o ka wāwae o ka hope he ʻaneʻane 37 mm.
Pōkole, huluhulu mānoanoa me ka ʻole o lalo. He kala fawn, ʻoka ʻōniʻoniʻo me ka makahiki, keu hoʻi ma ke poʻo o ke poʻo. ʻEʻeleʻele ka ʻōpū i ke kala me nā aka o ka hina. ʻO ka lōʻihi pōkole o ka lauoho e ʻae i ka holoholona e neʻe manuahi i kāna labyrinths, ma mua a ma hope.
Mea hoihoi: ʻo ka lauoho o ka ʻiole mole pili pono i ke poʻo a i ka hiʻu, a i ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, ʻae kēia e neʻe maikaʻi "slide" i loko o ke poʻo burrow ma mua a ma hope.
Ma hea e noho ai ka ʻiole mole nunui?
Kiʻi: Buke Mole ʻiole nunui
ʻO ka mahele o ka hāʻawi ʻana o kēia koʻokoʻo endemik me kahi nohona o ka honua mea liʻiliʻi.
Ua loaʻa:
- ma nā wahi semi-wao nahele ma ka ʻākau-hikina o ka Ciscaucasia;
- ma ke kowa o na kahawai malalo o na muliwai Terek a me Kuma;
- ma nā wahi haʻahaʻa o ka Sulak;
- hema o Makhachkala a Gudermes.
I ka ʻākau, hiki aku kāna mau noho i:
- i nā ʻāina hema o ka moku Astrakhan;
- hema o Kalmykia.
ʻO nā wahi liʻiliʻi a kaʻawale hoʻi:
- hikina o ka muliwai Ural;
- ma ka moku ʻo Kara-Agach;
- ma kahi kokoke i nā kahawai ʻo Temir, Emba, Uil;
- ma ka hikina ʻākau o ka moku Guryev;
- ma ke komohana o ka moku Atyubinsk.
ʻOi aku ka makemake o ka holoholona i nā semi-desert one a me ka pālolo, akā kau ʻia i nā wahi kahi i pulu: i nā kahawai o nā kahawai, i nā ʻumiʻumi ʻumiʻumi ʻumiʻumi a lacustrine a me nā māla ulu, ʻike ʻia ia i nā ululāʻau. Aloha i nā lepo chestnut. Hiki ke ʻike ʻia ka holoholona ma kahi kiʻekiʻe o 1400-2400 m ma luna o ka pae kai. m., pinepine i ke kiʻekiʻe o 1500-1600 m.
ʻOiaʻiʻo: ʻO nā mea i ʻike ʻia i ka ʻiole mole i hoʻokuʻu ʻia i kahi i ʻaʻohe kanaka ʻē aʻe, ua hōʻike ʻia i loko o ʻehā mau mahina ua kūkulu ʻia he 284 paila.
Kahi e noho ai kahi hui kanaka, uhi ka ʻāina ma kahi o 15% o ka wahi. I ka puna, hoʻomaka nā ʻiole mole e hana i nā ʻāpana hānai hou, a lākou e hoʻohana ai i ke kauwela a pau. Ke neʻe pū nei me lākou, lālau ke koʻokoʻo i nā aʻa germinat, a kauō i ka mea kanu a pau ma hope o lākou. I ka hāʻule, hoʻomaka hou lākou e ʻeli i nā paukū, akā ʻaʻole ʻike ʻia kēia mau hana mai luna mai. Hoʻonui nā holoholona i nā ala o ka papa haʻahaʻa, nā keʻena e pūnana mai ana, akā ʻaʻole lākou e hoʻokuke i ka lepo i waho, akā keʻakeʻa i nā ala hānai me lākou.
Hana nō hoʻi ʻo Rodents i nā neʻe o ke kau. I ka hoʻoilo, neʻe lākou kokoke i nā kāʻei ulu lāʻau. Aia hou ka hau, pale ʻia ka honua mai ke anuanu a ʻaʻole paʻa i ka hau, a ʻo ke kumu aʻa paʻa ka mea ʻai. I ka puna, neʻe lākou i kahi kokoke i nā māla me nā mauʻu mau.
ʻIke hoihoi: ʻeli nā ʻiole mole i nā lua ma ka lepo one ma ka wikiwiki o 2.5 cm / hola a i ʻole 850 mm i 20 mau minuke, i kēia manawa, 25,000 cm3 ka nui o nā mea i hoʻokuʻu ʻia.
He aha ka ʻai a ka ʻiole mole nunui?
Kiʻi: ʻiole mole nunui
He koʻokoʻo kēia mammal, no laila, ʻai ʻo ia i nā aʻa a pau o nā mea kanu i loaʻa ke hele mai. ʻAʻole wale lākou e ʻūlū i nā aʻa a me nā tubers, nā puʻu, akā hiki ke huki i ka mea kanu iā ia iho i loko o ka lua. Eia kekahi, ʻo kēia mau holoholona, e like me nā rodents ʻē aʻe, mālama i nā lako no ka hoʻoilo. I loko o kā lākou hale waiho ʻai, hiki iā ʻoe ke loaʻa i kekahi mau kilogram o nā corms, nā rhizome, a pēlā aku.
I ka papa kuhikuhi o nāʻiole mole aia i 40 mau inoa o nā mea kanu like ʻole, hāʻawi ʻia ka makemake i Compositae, legume, labiates, ʻoi aku, ʻaʻole huki ke koʻokoʻo i kekahi mea i loko o kona waha, akā koho ʻo ia i nā ʻano mea kanu momona, e hoʻopōʻino nui i ka mahiʻai, hopohopo nui ʻo ia i nā mea kūʻai pilikino ʻO lākou ka luhi ʻole, hoʻokuʻu, lohi, wai, hoʻolilo i ka lepo, a ʻono a momona hoʻi nā mea kanu. No laila ke ʻimi nei nā ʻiole mole i nā māla a me nā māla mahi kua o nā poʻe noho kau.
Mai nā mea ulu hihiu, ʻo kāna meaʻai punahele nā aʻa o chicory, palaoa, wormwood, hypospilus (kachima), lauoho lauoho, juzgun. I ka hopena o ke kauwela a me ke kau, ʻo ka rodent, e hoʻomākaukau ana i nā aʻa, ʻai i ka ʻaoʻao luna. I nā māla mea kanu hoʻopōʻino ia i kaʻuala, kāloti, beet, turnip. Makemake nui nā holoholona i nā mea kanu bulbous, kahi e ulu ai lākou, i nā wahi noho o kēia holoholona, hana mau ʻia nā koʻokoʻo.
Mea hoihoi: i loko o nā pā o nā ʻiole mole nunui, 15 kg o nā lau a hiki i 18 kg o kaʻuala i loaʻa.
I ke kau kau, ʻai ka rodent i ka meaʻai i kēlā me kēia lā, kūlike i ka nui i kāna nui ponoʻī - ma kahi o 700 g. Inā ʻai pū ia i ka hoʻoilo, a laila lawa nā waihona nui o nā pantry nona no hoʻokahi mahina. I kēia manawa, ua aʻo liʻiliʻi ʻia e pili ana i kona ola i ka hoʻoilo. ʻIke nō, hoʻopau ʻia kahi ʻāpana o nā mālama ikehu mai ka momona subcutaneile, loaʻa kahi ʻāpana o nā meaʻai mai nā hale waiho, hiki i ka hoʻomau ʻana o nā holoholona i nā aʻa no ka meaʻai.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano a me ka nohona
Kiʻi: holoholona holoholona ʻiole nunui
ʻEli nā ʻiole mole i nā lua hohonu a me nā lālā i ka hohonu o 20-80 cm. ʻO ka pinepine, hoʻonohonoho ʻia nā alahele forage i ʻelua papa, e kolo ana ma o lākou nei, loaʻa ka meaʻai i ka holoholona. Mai kēia mau tunnels pali ala e alakaʻi i lalo i kahi pae haʻahaʻa. ʻO ka pūnaewele o nā tunnels, e komo ana i nā ala nui me nā puka o ka ʻaoʻao, me nā keʻena mālama, e hoʻopili i ke ala nui, kahi o kahi pūnana (i kekahi manawa 2-3) a me nā keʻena mālama (3-15 pcs.) Me nā lako meaʻai a me nā hale moe.
ʻO nā keʻena nunui-ʻelima kahi ʻano paʻakikī, inā ʻoe e kau i nā ʻāpana āpau i hoʻokahi kaulahao, a laila hiki i kahi lōʻihi ke lilo i hoʻokahi kilomita, a hūnā ʻia ke keʻena pūnana ma kahi hohonu o 120-320 cm, hiki ke waiho ʻia nā ala i kahi hohonu a ʻekolu mau mika. Ke nānā aku nei ʻo Rodent pantry me nā keʻena tunnel, "sila ʻia" ma nā ʻaoʻao ʻelua me ka honua.
ʻO ka maʻa mau o nā holoholona ma lalo e ʻeli i kā lākou mau alahele me kā lākou mau wāwae, akā ʻo nā ʻiole mole kā lākou ʻenehana ponoʻī, ua hoʻopili ʻia ke kino holoʻokoʻa i ka ʻaʻa. Hana ia i kona ala me ke kōkua o nā incisors lōʻihi, ʻaʻole ʻeli, akā nahu i ka lepo. ʻO ia ke kumu o kona lehelehe, lako me nā pelu, uhi i kona waha ʻaʻole ma luna a ma lalo wale nō, akā ma waena hoʻi o nā incisors o luna a me lalo, i hāʻule ʻole ka honua i ka wā e ʻeli ana.
Kipaku lākou i ka lepo mai ka lua me ko lākou poʻo. Ma kahi kokoke i ka puka komo, kūkulu ʻia nā puʻu lepo nui, uhi lākou a pani i ka puka, a ʻeli hou ʻia kahi hou ma kahi ʻaoʻao. I ke kumu, aia ke ana o ka honua he anawaena o ka hapalua mika a ʻoi paha.
Ke lilo i mea paʻakikī e pahu aku i ka lepo, kāpili ke koʻokoʻo i ka lua me ka honua, a ʻeli ka mea hou i ka hopena o ka huli a hana i kahi embankment ʻē aʻe. No laila, hoʻokahi kikoʻī, me kāna ʻōnaehana neʻe, aia ma kahi o 250 mau puʻu o ka honua. Hoʻonoho ʻia lākou mai ka puka komo ma kahi mamao o 10 a 75 cm, a ʻo ka mamao ma waena o nā paila he 20-100 cm.
Noho mehameha nā ʻiole mole a aia i kēlā me kēia mākua kona lua nui me kahi pūnaewele o nā tunnels a me nā storerooms. ʻAʻole hiki ke ʻike ʻia nā meheu o kona wahi noho e nā "molehills" wale nō, akā, e nā mea kanu mae ʻole, nā aʻa āna i ʻai ai, a i ʻole me ka loaʻa ʻole o kekahi o nā mea kikoʻī, āna i kauō ai i loko o ka lua. ʻO kēia mau rodents makapō i molt ʻelua mau manawa. ʻO ka manawa mua i nā mahina puna, ʻo ka manawa ʻelua - ʻAukake - ʻOkakopa.
ʻO ke kūkulu kaiāulu a me ka hana hou
Kiʻi: ʻiole mole nunui mai ka puke ʻula
ʻO kahi ʻohana ʻoleole mole, noho mau i ke kaiāulu o kēlā me kēia, ma ka ʻāina like hiki ke ʻeli i nā tunnels ma kahi o nā hectare he nui. I ka hopena o ka hoʻoilo, i ka manawa anuanu a pōloli loa no kēia mau holoholona, ua hōʻea nā hōʻike kāne kāne i ka nui a me ka nui.
ʻO nā hua i oʻo i nā wahine e Malaki. ʻO kēlā me kēia kanaka, e noho ana i kahi ʻōnaehana ʻokoʻa o nā lua, hāwele i nā ala hānai kauwela no ka hoʻoilo. I kēia manawa, paʻa ka ʻāina i ka hau a kaʻawale kēlā me kēia ʻiole mole. Akā ua hoʻomohala pono lākou i nā manaʻo āpau, koe wale no ka ʻike.
Hoʻopuka lākou i nā kani kani a me nā ʻala kikoʻī e ʻumeʻume i ka nānā. Akā me ka hoʻolohe a me ka pilau maikaʻi loa, he mea pohihihi nō ia i kā lākou mālama ʻana e lanakila i ka ʻāina maloʻo 10-15, a i ʻole nā mika ma waena o nā lua kokoke. Pehea ʻike ʻole ʻia ai kēia, i ka hoʻoilo o ka honua ʻaʻole ʻikea ma ka papa, akā ma kahi o ka hapalua o nā wahine i hoʻopau kūleʻa i nā lā a i ka hopena o Malaki - i ka hoʻomaka o ʻApelila hānau lākou i keiki.
Loaʻa nā keiki i nā holoholona i hoʻokahi manawa i ka makahiki. I ka litter, ma ke ʻano he rula, aia mai ʻelua a ʻehā mau pēpē ʻōlohelohe a me ke kōkua ʻole, ke kaupaona ʻia he 5 g pākahi. Me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka hāʻule, haʻalele ka poʻe ʻōpio i kā lākou lua lua a hoʻomaka i ke kūkulu ʻana i kā lākou pūnaewele ponoʻī o nā labyrinth o ka honua. I ka hoʻoilo, hoʻemi ka hana o nā holoholona, a ʻai liʻiliʻi lākou i ka meaʻai.
Mea hoihoi: ua hōʻike ʻia nā mea nānā ma kahi puʻupaʻa puʻupaʻa o hoʻokahi heketa, i loko o ʻehā mau makahiki, ua kūkulu ka poʻe māmele i kahi o 3,5,000 mau paila o ka ʻāina. ʻO ko lākou leo he 13 mau mika cubic.
ʻO nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe o nā ʻiole mole nunui
Kiʻi: ʻiole mole nunui
ʻO nā holoholona malū, ke alakaʻi nei i kahi nohona o ka honua, ʻaʻohe ʻenemi i ke kūlohelohe. Hoʻouka pinepine ʻia nā holoholona ʻōpio i ka wā o ka neʻe ʻana. Hiki iā lākou ke alualu ʻia e nā ʻalopeke, nā manu ʻaihue nui, nā holoholona o ka ʻohana weasel.
ʻO ka mea hoihoi: ʻo ka ʻiole makapō, ka mea i ʻike maka ʻole iā ia iho ma ka ʻili o ka honua, paʻa mua, maopopo leʻa e hoʻāʻo iā ia iho, a laila hoʻomaka e hoʻopuni, a hoʻi i hope, a laila hoʻāʻo ʻo ia e kanu iā ia iho i lalo i ka wā hiki.
ʻO kēlā mau alahele a me nā lua i waiho ai nā koʻokoʻo e noho ʻia ana e nā holoholona ʻaihue: nā lole, nā weana, nā kukui uila ʻeleʻele a ʻeleʻele hoʻi.
ʻOiaʻiʻo: i ka hāʻule, hele pinepine ke kukui uila e ʻimi no ka iole mole. Ma o nā puka hānai ʻaʻole i pani ʻia, komo ʻo ia i loko o ka labyrinth o nā ʻāpana, neʻe pū me lākou, loaʻa ka mea nona a pepehi, ʻai i nā mea ʻai, a noho i ka lua. I nā manawa ʻē aʻe o ka makahiki, ʻai kēia predator i nā voles, nā squirrels ground, a me nāʻiole.
ʻO nā ʻāpana o nā ʻāpana forage i hoʻohana ʻole ʻia e ka mea ʻeli makapō e noho ʻia e nā gopher, nā voles, a me nā hamsters.
Hoʻopilikia ʻia nā ʻiole mole e nā hana agrarian a ke kanaka, ka mahi ʻai ʻana i nā nāhelehele a me nā steppes. Akā ʻoiai ke noho pinepine nei kēia ʻano i nā wahi semi-wao nahele i hoʻohiki ʻole ai no ka mahiʻai, a laila ma kēia mau wahi ʻaʻohe makaʻu o ka luku ʻia ʻana o nā koʻokoʻo e nā kānaka. Hiki ke alualu ʻia ka holoholona e nā ʻīlio burrowing, a hiki ke ʻimi ʻia nā ʻiole ʻōpio e nā pōpoki.
I nā māla mea kanu, hoʻohana kekahi i nā ʻano hana like ʻole o ka makaʻu ʻana i kēia mau holoholona, a me nā pahele, nā pahele. Akā ʻoiai ʻaʻole hele mai nā rodents i ka ʻili, ʻaʻole pono kēia ʻano hopu. ʻO ke ala ʻoi loa ka haʻalulu a me nā repellents ultrasonic.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
Kiʻi: ʻiole mole nunui holoholona
Noho ka ʻiole mole nunui i kahi ma kahi o 37 tausani maueka. He wahi nui kēia o ka nohona no ka hopena, a ʻo nā wahi one kahi e noho ai ʻaʻole hoihoi ia no ka mahiʻai, kahi e hōʻoia ai i ke kūpaʻa o ka lehulehu.
Ma loko o ka laulā, kū ia i nā wahi kaʻawale. Kūpono ʻole ka ʻikepili ma ka helu o nā holoholona, kūʻē pinepine kekahi i kekahi. I nā makahiki 60 o ke kenekulia i hala, ua koho ʻia ka holoholona ma 25 tausani kānaka. E hoʻomaka ana mai nā makahiki 70, ua hoʻomaka ka emi iki o nā helu, a hiki i 2-3 mau kānaka i nā makahiki 80 ma kahi o 10,000 hectare.
Ma Dagestan (ka nohona nui), ʻo kā lākou helu i nā 80 mau mua ma mua o 1200 mau hiʻohiʻona, a e like me nā ʻikepili ʻē aʻe, e 88, 10 tausani mau hiʻohiʻona. Pili ka hoʻemi me nā hana mahiʻai kanaka. I kēlā mau wahi kahi i hana ʻole ʻia ai ia ʻano hana, ua ulu ka nui o nā iole mole.
I nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ʻaʻole i hoʻokō ʻia ke kālailai, akā ʻo ka hana anthropogenic o ke kanaka ua emi nui, kahi e alakaʻi ai i ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka nui o nā holoholona. I kēia manawa, loiloi ʻia ka nohona kanaka e like me ka paʻa.
Kiaʻi i nā ʻiole mole nunui
Kiʻi: ʻiole mole nunui mai ka puke ʻula
Hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia ka wahi o kēia mau koʻokoʻo ma muli o ka salinization o ka lepo, i ka wā e ʻai ai, i ka wā e mahi ai. Hiki i kēia ke hoʻoneʻe i nā holoholona i nā kūlana maikaʻi ʻole a alakaʻi i kahi hōʻemi o kā lākou helu.
I loko o ka puke ʻikepili ʻulaʻula, ua helu ʻia ka ʻiole mole nunui he palupalu. Ua hoʻomaopopo ka puke ʻulaʻula o ka Russian Federation he ʻano laha ʻole kēia o ka mahele ʻekolu. Loaʻa ka mea hiamoe i nā ʻāina pale o Dagestan a me Chechnya (nā mālama kūlohelohe ʻo Stepnoy a me Parabochevsky ma ka ʻāpana ʻo Shelkovsky, kahi mālama kūlohelohe ʻo Yangiyurtovsky - Apana ʻo Kizilyurtovsky, Khamamatyurtovsky a me Agrakhansky mālama mālama - Babayurtovsky district)
I kēia manawa, ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia kahi palena o ka laulā a me ka helu ma ka ʻāina ʻo Chechnya, kokoke i ka nalo, ma ke kapa kūpono o ka Terek, ma ka moku ʻo Dagestan (ʻākau o ke kauhale ʻo Krainovka, Novo-Terechnoye). Akā i ke koena o Dagestan, ʻaʻohe palena o ia wahi. ʻO ka nāwaliwali o nā ʻiole mole ma muli o ka hana haʻahaʻa o ka hānau.
No ka hoʻihoʻi a mālama ʻana i nā laha, pono e hōʻemi i ka hopena o nā hana a ke kanaka, kahi e noho ai ʻiole mole nunui, e hana i nā wahi pale hou ʻia.E mālama ka nānā mau ʻana i nā loli o ka lehulehu. Pono nā ana e hoʻihoʻi i ka heluna kanaka o kēia mau holoholona, ʻo ia hoʻi, ka hoʻohana ʻana o ka hana hou.
Lā paʻi: 03/26/2019
Lā hou: 09/18/2019 ma 22:33
