ʻO Conifers kahi hui nui o nā resinous, nā kumu lāʻau paina a me nā kumulāʻau. Wahi a ka hoʻohālikelike olaola, hana nā lāʻau coniferous i ke kauoha Coniferales mai ka hui o nā gymnosperms, kahi e hāʻawi ʻole ai nā ʻanoʻano i ke kala. Aia he ʻohana 7 o nā conifers, i mahele ʻia i 67 mau hui i kapa ʻia he genera, i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i nā ʻano he 600.
He cones nā conifers, a ʻaʻole hāʻule nā lau i ka makahiki holoʻokoʻa. Eia nō naʻe, ʻo kekahi o lākou, e like me ka yew, he cone kikokiko e like me ka hua. ʻO nā mea kanu ʻē aʻe, e like me ka paina a me ka juniper, ulu nā ʻōpuʻu e like me nā hua ma mua o ka mea i manaʻo ʻia he "cone".
Laulā hoʻolaha
Nui ka ʻāpana o nā conifers. Loaʻa nā lāʻau evergreen i:
- ʻo ka hemisphere ʻākau, a hiki i ka Arctic Circle;
- ʻEulopa a me ʻAsia;
- ʻAmelika Waena a me ʻAmelika Hema;
- he mau endemeti o nā conifers i ʻApelika a me nā tropic.
Ulu ulu nā ulu nahele ʻo Coniferous kahi lōʻihi o ka hoʻoilo me ka awelika a i ka ua nui. ʻO ka ululāʻau coniferous ʻo Eurasia ʻākau i kapa ʻia ʻo Taiga, a i ʻole nahele ulu. Hōʻike nā huaʻōlelo ʻelua i kahi ululāʻau mau loa me nā loko, kahawai a me nā kahawai he nui. Uhi ka nahele Coniferous i nā kuahiwi ma nā wahi he nui o ka honua.
Nā ʻano o nā conifers
Pine
ʻO Gnome
He Kaiwaenahonua paʻakikī ia, undersine pine me nā lau ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻōmaʻomaʻo e puka mai ana mai nā ʻōpuʻu resinous. Piʻi ia i ke ʻano o kahi puʻupuʻu poepoe kūpilikiʻi me nā nila nui. Hoʻopuka ka mea kanu i nā ʻōiwi ʻōiwi, ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele ma kahi o 5 cm ka lōʻihi a ulu i luna i luna a hiki ʻole ke ʻae i nā mahana wela a i ʻole nā ʻano maloʻo.
Ma ke aʻa ke aʻa ʻoi loa o nā mea āpau:
- i ka lā piha;
- i nā waikawa acidic, alkaline, loamy, mākū, one a lepo pālolo paha i ninini maikaʻi ʻia.
ʻO ka gnome kahi ulu mauna dwarf ulu ulu e hoʻonui i ka leʻaleʻa a me ka exoticism i ka māla. Piʻi ia i loko o 10 mau makahiki i ke kiʻekiʻe o 30-60 cm a me ka laulā o 90 cm.
Pug
ʻOi aku ka laulā ma mua o ke kiʻekiʻe. ʻO ka pine Pug ka mea maoli i nā kuahiwi o ka waena a me ka hema o ʻEulopa mai Sepania a i nā Balkans. ʻO nā nila kuʻikuʻi he ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻōmaʻomaʻo i ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻeleʻele i ke kala, loaʻa nā nila i kahi melemele melemele i ka hoʻoilo. ʻO nā kālana he oval a conical paha, ʻeleʻele huluhulu, ʻili pala hina hina hina.
Ke ulu nei ka ʻano dwarf ʻano poepoe i kahi manawa a 90 knm ke kiʻekiʻe, akā ulu mālie.
Kūleʻa ka Pug i ka lā piha i ka pulu, nā loams i ninini maikaʻi ʻia a me nā lepo one, hoʻomanawanui i ka pālolo. Hōʻalo i nā lepo momona i ninini maikaʻi ʻole ʻia. Makemake nā mea kanu i nā aniau anuanu.
ʻOpira
ʻO kahi pine mauna mauʻu dwarf o ka nani nani i kēlā me kēia manawa o ka makahiki e hana i kahi kalaunu ākea, ākea ākea me kahi palahalaha i luna. ʻO nā nila i melemele-ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻōmaʻomaʻo i ke kauwela a me ke kauwela, a i ka hoʻoilo loaʻa iā lākou ke kala gula momona. ʻO ʻOphir kahi ulu ulu ulu lohi loa e hoʻohui ma kahi o 2.5 cm i kēlā me kēia makahiki, e ulu ana i 90 cm i ke kiʻekiʻe a me ka laulā ma hope o 10 mau makahiki.
Ulu maikaʻi i ka lā piha i ka ninini maikaʻi ʻia.
- ʻawaʻawa;
- alkaline;
- loamy;
- pulu;
- one;
- lepo lepo.
ʻO kaʻaila ʻophir i hoʻomanawanui i ka maloʻo. Kūpono no nā māla, nā pāka kūlanakauhale a me nā māla pōhaku.
Paina melemele
ʻO kahi kumulāʻau me kahi kumu nui rectilinear, me kahi kalaunu ākea a hāmama. ʻO ka lei pyramidal ākea a ākea paha o nā lāʻau ʻōpio pālahalaha ma luna o ka manawa, hāʻule nā lālā lalo.
ʻEleʻele a ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele-ʻeleʻele hoʻi ka ʻili o nā pine melemele ʻōpio a wili, i nā lāʻau makua mai ka melemele-ʻeleʻele a i ka malu ʻulaʻula, ua māhele ʻia i nā papa scaly me nā māwae kaulike ʻole. ʻO ka ʻili mānoanoa e pale aku i ka lāʻau pine i nā ahi nahele.
ʻEleʻele hina-ʻōmaʻomaʻo, ʻoliva a ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻōmaʻomaʻo paha e ulu i kahi pūpū o ʻekolu, kākaʻikahi ka ʻelua a ʻelima mau nila. ʻO nā unahi ʻulaʻula ʻulaʻula a ʻeleʻele paha o nā ʻōpuʻu i loaʻa nā ʻōniu ʻōniʻoniʻo.
Pine Cedar
Ua piʻi ka lāʻau i ke kiʻekiʻe o 35 m, ke anawaena o ke kumu a i ka 1.8 m ma ke kiʻekiʻe o ka pahu. ʻO ka lei aliʻi conical o nā mea kanu ʻōpio e lilo i ākea a hohonu i ka makahiki.
ʻĀlapa keʻokeʻo ka ʻili a i ʻole ʻeleʻele-ʻeleʻele i ka kala. He melemele a melemele paha nā lālā, mānoanoa a nunui pubescent. ʻO nā ʻōpuʻu lau ʻulaʻula-palaoa Conical.
Hāpai nā nila i 5 mau nila no kēlā me kēia puʻupuʻu, ʻūlī liʻiliʻi lākou a aneane triangular i ka ʻāpana keʻa. Paʻakū nā nila, ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻeleʻele i ke kala me ka stomata ma ka lihi waho, 6-11 cm ka lōʻihi, 0.5-1.7 mm ka mānoanoa.
Ulu maikaʻi ʻo Cedar pine ma ka lepo pulu a kaumaha hoʻi ka lepo.
Paina keʻokeʻo
Lāʻau Subalpine, ulu aʻe i:
- he kumulāʻau liʻiliʻi me kahi kumu hoʻonui e hoʻonui wikiwiki ana a me ka lei aliʻi ākea;
- mea kanu bushy me kahi kalaunu ākea a wili, nā lālā wili ke hōʻike ʻia i ka makani ikaika.
Ma waho e like ia me kahi pine coniferous, akā ʻokoʻa nā cones. Ulu nā nila i nā pūlima o 5 mau nila, 3 a 9 cm ka lōʻihi, ʻoʻoleʻa lākou, ʻōwili iki, ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻōmaʻomaʻo maʻamau, pili pono i nā wēlau o nā lālā.
ʻO nā cones hua he ovoid a aneane pōʻai paha, 3 a 8 cm ka lōʻihi, a ulu ma nā kihi kūpono i ka lālā. Lahilahi ka ʻili, ʻoluʻolu a keʻokeʻo chalky ma nā ʻōpio. I ka ulu ʻana o ka kumu lāʻau, mānoanoa ka ʻili a ʻano hāiki, ʻeleʻele, a pālahalaha nā pā.
ʻO Weymouth Pine (ʻAmelika)
ʻO kahi lāʻau pine me nā lālā nunui, ākea, asymmetrical me nā nila lush, polū-ʻōmaʻomaʻo.
I ke kūlohelohe, ulu ia mai 30 a 35 m i ke kiʻekiʻe, kahi pahu me ke anawaena o 1 a 1.5 m, kahi kalaunu i ke anawaena mai 15 a 20 m.
Ke ulu wikiwiki nei ka lūlū, lohi ka ulu ʻana me ka makahiki. He pyramidal nā kumulāʻau ʻōpio, nā ʻāpana o nā lālā ākea a me ka ʻili hina e hāʻawi i ka lāʻau makua i kahi ʻano hoihoi a maikaʻi. ʻO ia kekahi o nā lāʻau pine i kanu ʻia ma ke ano he pale, mālama nā hiʻohiʻona mākua i nā lālā lalo, a na nā nila kui palupalu e hoʻonani i ka pale a ʻaʻole hoʻoweliweli.
ʻO Edel
ʻO ka lāʻau pine me nā nila keleawe, palupalu, polū-ʻōmaʻomaʻo. Lohi ka ulu ʻana. Ma hope o 10 mau makahiki, e ulu ka mea kanu ma kahi o 1m ke kiʻekiʻe. Makemake lākou i ka ʻaoʻao lā a me ka lepo momona kūpono. ʻO nā pine ʻōpio he pyramidal i ke ʻano, akā me nā makahiki e loaʻa iā lākou kahi hiʻohiʻona "sloppy". Nui nā ʻone.
He kumulāʻau ʻāina nani loa kēia a manaʻo ʻia e nā mea hoʻolālā ʻāina e lilo i mea kanu hoʻonaninani hoʻonaninani maikaʻi loa e hana i kahi kiʻi poina ʻole. Kūpono ʻo Edel pine no ka wahi kaiāulu, i nā māla kūlanakauhale hiki ke hōʻino ʻia a hōʻino ʻia e ka paʻakai. I ka hoʻoilo, make ia i nā ʻino hau.
ʻO ka paina waiū "Little curls"
ʻO nā nila kele, ʻōniʻoniʻo ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻōmaʻomaʻo e ulu ana ma kahi lāʻau dwarf, oval, poepoe. He hoʻohui kūikawā kēia i ka māla ulu ʻāina liʻiliʻi.
ʻO ke koho dwarf o ka pine keʻokeʻo hikina i kona wā ʻōpio he ʻano spherical nani kona, me ka makahiki e lilo i ākea-pyramidal. Wili ʻia nā nila - kahi hiʻohiʻona nani loa no nā mea hoʻolālā. Ma hope o 10 mau makahiki o ka ulu ʻana, ana kahi ana mākua i 1.5 m ke kiʻekiʻe a me 1 m ka laulā, me ka ulu ulu makahiki o 10-15 cm.
Hoʻonui maikaʻi aʻe ia i ka lā me ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, ma nā lepo i ninini maikaʻi ʻia. ʻAe ʻae ʻo Pine i kahi ākea o nā kūlana lepo.
ʻO Norewai spruce
ʻO ka ulu wikiwiki, kiʻekiʻe, pololei, triangular i ke ʻano, me ka lei aliʻi kikoʻī, piʻi ka lāʻau i 40 m ke kiʻekiʻe a ola i 1000 mau makahiki. ʻO ka ʻili o nā hiʻohiʻona ʻōpio ke keleawe-hina-ʻeleʻele a nani ke nānā aku, akā maʻalahi-scaly i ka pā. ʻO nā kumulāʻau oʻo (ʻoi aku ma mua o 80 mau makahiki) he ʻulaʻula-ʻeleʻele i uhi ʻia me nā māwae a me nā pahi liʻiliʻi. ʻAlani-ʻala nā lālā, furrow a ʻōhule.
ʻO nā nila kuina he huinahā like, kuhi, me nā kiko keʻokeʻo lahilahi a me kahi ʻaʻala momona momona. E ʻulaʻula a melemele nā ʻōiwi i ka wā puna. ʻUlaʻula a pua ākea nā pua wahine, e ulu ana i luna i luna.
Siberian spruce
Piʻi ia a 30 m ke kiʻekiʻe. ʻO ka barela ma kahi o 1.5 mika ke anawaena. Holo liʻiliʻi, lahilahi, melemele-ʻōmaʻomaʻo, nā lālā aniani iki e like me ka pyramid ka spruce. He ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻōmaʻomaʻo nā nila, pōkole 10 - 18 mm, kihi i ka ʻāpana keʻa. ʻO nā cones pine he cylindrical i ke ʻano, 6 - 8 cm ka lōʻihi. Ke oʻo ʻole o nā ʻōpuʻu, poni lākou. Ke pala, pala.
Ulu ʻo Siberian spruce i nā ulu lāʻau ʻo Siberia. Hāʻule ʻo Snow mai ke kalaunu conical, ka mea e pale ai i ka nalo ʻana o nā lālā. ʻO nā nila kuiki e hoʻoliʻiliʻi i ka nalo o ka wai. Paʻa ka pale wulu mānoanoa a pale i nā nila mai ka makani. ʻO ke kala ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻeleʻele o nā nila e hoʻonui i ka lawe ʻana o ka wela o ka lā.
Pahu Serbia
Pōkole a palupalu nā nila, aniani ma luna, ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻeleʻele, ʻāhinahina ma lalo. Hoʻonani nā kumulāʻau i nā pā māla a me nā alanui, kanu ʻia hoʻokahi a paʻa paha. Kūpono ka spruce, ma kahi o 1.5 m ma kona kiko ākea, kiʻekiʻe, lahilahi, "hanohano" i ka wā makua. ʻO ka mea kanu ʻoʻoleʻa a paʻakikī hoʻi i ka wā e ulu ana i nā wahi me nā anuanu anu. Koi ʻia ka lā no ka ulu ʻana, ʻoiai inā anuanu ia, akā ʻaʻole make i ka malu hapa, makemake i ka mea waena i ka lepo acidic liʻiliʻi, hoʻokahe maikaʻi. ʻO nā cones he ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻōmaʻomaʻo-hina i ke kauwela kau, keleawe i ka hopena o ke kau.
ʻO ka spruce kālā (prickly)
ʻO kahi lāʻau pololei me kahi kalaunu e like me ka spire, e piʻi ana i 50 m ke kiʻekiʻe a me 1 m ke anawaena i ke oʻo ʻana. E iho nā lālā lalo i ka honua.
ʻO nā nila ka tetrahedral a me ka ʻoi, akā ʻaʻole paʻakikī loa. He ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻōmaʻomaʻo ke kala me nā ʻāpana kālā ʻelua ma ka papa luna a me lalo. Aia nā nila ma nā lālā i nā ʻaoʻao āpau.
He melemele nā ʻōpala hua i ka poni-ʻalani i ke kala, e kau ana mai nā lālā luna. ʻO kā lākou mau unahi hua lahilahi e pīpī ana ma nā wēlau ʻelua a loaʻa i ka maka o waho. ʻO nā cones pollen pinepine melemele i ka poni-ʻeleʻele i ke kala.
Pāleʻaleʻa ka scaly, scaly, mai ka ʻulaʻula a i ka hina.
ʻO Fir
ʻIke ʻia ia mai kahi mamao aku ma muli o kona ʻano conical, ʻoi aku ka laulā o ke kumu ma mua o ka lei aliʻi. I nā māla mānoanoa, ʻaʻole nā lālā o lalo o ka fir a i ʻole ʻaʻohe nila, nāwaliwali ka lā o ka lā i ke ʻano o ka lāʻau.
Pālahalaha nā kui kele, maʻalahi a maʻalahi ʻole ma nā kihi. Hōʻike ka nila kuapo i nā laina keʻokeʻo mai kahi o nā kiko liʻiliʻi. ʻO nā kihi o nā ʻāpana luna o nā kui kele e pena keʻokeʻo ʻia hoʻi.
Makai:
- ʻōpio - ʻoluʻolu a hina hina me nā huʻa i hoʻopiha ʻia me ka resin;
- mākua - scaly and furrow.
Ulu nā ʻone kāne a wahine wahine ma ka lāʻau like kokoke i ka piko, ʻoiai ʻoi aku ke kiʻekiʻe o nā cone wahine i ka pāpale aliʻi. ʻO nā ʻōpuʻu makua he 4 a 14 cm ka lōʻihi a kū pololei ma ka lālā.
Caucasian Nordman fir
E ulu a 60 m i ke kiʻekiʻe, ke anawaena kumu a i 2 m i ke kiʻekiʻe o ka umauma. I nā mālama o ka Western Caucasus, he 78 m kekahi mau hiʻohiʻona a ʻo 80 m ke kiʻekiʻe, kahi e hana ai iā Nordmann fir nā lāʻau kiʻekiʻe loa ma ʻEulopa.
Hinahina-ʻeleʻele ka ʻili, me kahi ʻano laumania a me nā ʻeke resin.
ʻO ka piko o nā nila ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻōmaʻomaʻo, ma lalo iho o ʻelua mau kaha keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo o ka stomata. Kūmūmū ka wēlau, akā i kekahi manawa serrated liʻiliʻi, keu hoʻi ma nā ʻōpio.
ʻO Nordman's fir kahi o nā laha i ulu i nā nursery no ka Makahiki Hou. ʻAʻole ʻoi aku ka nila a ʻaʻole e hāʻule koke i ka maloʻo ʻana o ka lāʻau. He kumulāʻau hoʻonaninani kaulana ʻia no nā pāka a me nā māla.
Kālā kālā
Ulu ia 40-50 m, kākaʻikahi ka 60 m i ke kiʻekiʻe, ʻo ke anawaena o ka pahu pololei 1.5 m ma ke kiʻekiʻe o ka umauma.
Hinahina ka ʻili me kahi ʻano scaly. Hoʻopili ke kalaunu pyramidal me ka makahiki. Kuhi ʻia nā lālā, ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele a hina hina hina me ka ʻōuli ʻōuli. Ovoid nā ʻōpuʻu lau, me ka ʻole o ka resin a i ʻole resinous iki.
Nila kuikui a palahalaha, nui:
- 1.8-3 knm ka lōʻihi;
- 2mm ākea.
Ma luna ua pena ʻia i loko o ke aniani ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻōmaʻomaʻo, ma lalo iho o ʻelua mau kaha ʻōmaʻomaʻo keʻokeʻo o ka stomata. Hoʻokaʻawale iki ʻia nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo.
ʻO nā cones hua:
- i ka lōʻihi 9-17 cm;
- 3-4 knm ākea.
ʻŌmaʻomaʻo nā ʻōpuʻu i ka wā ʻōpio, ʻeleʻele i ka pala.
Kōlea Kōlea
E ulu ana 9-18 m i ke kiʻekiʻe, anawaena pahu 1-2 m ma ka pae umauma.
ʻIli lāʻau ʻōpio:
- laumania;
- me nā ʻeke kēpau;
- poni.
Me ka lāʻau ʻelemakule:
- hāhā;
- lamellar;
- hina hina;
- ʻulaʻula ʻulaʻula i loko.
Kuhi ʻia nā lālā, pubescent iki, hina hina a ʻulaʻula melemele, me ka makahiki, poni. Ovoid nā ʻōpuʻu, chestnut e ʻulaʻula i ke kala me ka resin keʻokeʻo.
ʻO nā cones pollen he spherical-ovoid, me ka ʻulaʻula melemele a i ʻole ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻōmaʻomaʻo i ka hope violet-brown. Puni ākea nā cones, me nā poʻo ʻōpuʻupuʻu, ʻāhinahina-hina hina mua, a laila poni ʻeleʻele me nā kiko tar keʻokeʻo.
ʻO Balsam fir
Ulu 14-20 m ke kiʻekiʻe, kākaʻikahi a 27 m, he hāiki ke kalaunu, conical.
Pākuʻi o nā lāʻau ʻōpio:
- laumania;
- Hinahina;
- me nā ʻeke kēpau.
Me ka ʻelemakule:
- ʻoʻoleʻa;
- haki;
- scaly.
Needles:
- pālahalaha;
- kui-like;
- 15-30 mm ka lōʻihi.
Ma luna ua pena ʻia ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻeleʻele, me nā stomata liʻiliʻi ma kahi kokoke i nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo me nā ʻoki liʻiliʻi, ʻelua mau kaha keʻokeʻo o ka stomata ma lalo. Hoʻonohonoho ʻia nā nila.
Kū pololei nā cones hua, poni ʻeleʻele i ke kala, ʻeleʻele ke pala, a wehe ʻia e hoʻokuʻu i nā ʻano ʻēheu i Kepakemapa.
Larch
Ulu ʻo 20-45 m i ke kiʻekiʻe a he hopena no:
- ka hapa nui o ke aniau anuanu o ka hemisphere ʻākau;
- mauna ma ka ʻākau;
- mauna ma ka hema.
ʻO Larch kekahi o nā mea kanu nui i loko o nā ululāʻau nui o Russia a me Kanada.
Nā lālā Dimorphic, me ka ulu ʻana ua māhele ʻia lākou i:
- lōʻihi 10 - 50 cm, e hāpai ana i nā ʻōpuʻu he nui;
- pōkole 1 - 2 mm me kahi puʻupaʻa hoʻokahi.
ʻO nā nila e like me ka nila a lahilahi, 2 - 5 cm ka lōʻihi a 1 mm ākea. Hoʻonohonoho hoʻonohonoho ʻia nā nila. I kahi wili i nā wana lōʻihi a me ke ʻano o nā puʻupuʻu paʻa o 20 a 50 mau nila ma nā wana pōkole. Huli melemele nā kui kele a hāʻule i ka hopena o ke kau, e waiho ana nā lāʻau i ka hoʻoilo.
Hemlock
Medium i nā kumulāʻau nui, 10 - 60 m ke kiʻekiʻe, me kahi kalaunu conical, loaʻa kahi lei kaulike ʻole ma kekahi ʻano hemlock Asia. Kau ka pana i ka honua. Pālehu a ʻeleu loa ka ʻili, hina a ʻeleʻele i ke kala. Ulu pālahalaha nā lālā pālahalaha mai ka pahu, nā piko e iho ana i lalo. Hiki ke loli i nā lālā ʻōpio, a me nā ʻāpana distal o ke koʻokoʻo.
ʻOkoʻa a spherical paha nā ʻōpuʻu hoʻoilo, poepoe i ka piko a ʻaʻole resinous. Pālahalaha nā nila, lahilahi, 5 - 35 mm ka lōʻihi a 1 - 3 mm ākea, ulu ʻokoʻa nā nila i kahi wili i kahi lālā. Ke wili ʻia, ʻaʻala nā nila i ka hemlock, akā ʻaʻohe mea ʻawahia, ʻokoʻa ka mea kanu lāʻau.
Keteleeria
Hiki i 35 m ke kiʻekiʻe. Pālahalaha nā nila, like me ka nila, 1.5-7 cm ka lōʻihi a 2-4 mm ākea. Pololei nā kone, 6-22 cm ka lōʻihi, pala ma kahi o 6-8 mau mahina ma hope o ka pollination.
He kumulāʻau ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻoi loa ia i kona wahi maoli. He lāhui laha ʻole i hoʻopau ʻia no:
- Kina hema;
- Taiwan;
- Hong Kong;
- Laos ʻākau;
- Kamabodia.
Hoʻopilikia ʻia ʻo Keteleeria a ua hoʻokumu ʻia nā wahi pale no ka pale ʻana i ka laha.
ʻ grayhinahina hina ka ʻili, kuʻi lōʻihi, peʻapeʻa. ʻUlaʻula a ʻulaʻula ʻulaʻula paha nā lālā, pubescent i ka mua, brown a me glabrous ma hope o 2 a 3 mau makahiki.
Pākaina
ʻO Thuja
3-6 m ke kiʻekiʻe, ʻoka ke kumu, ʻulaʻula ka ʻili. Ulu nā palahalaha ākea i hoʻokahi mokulele wale nō. ʻO nā nila kuʻupuʻu 1-10 mm ka lōʻihi, me ka ʻokoʻa o nā pua ʻōpio, ulu nā nila i loko o lākou no ka makahiki mua. Hoʻonohonoho ʻia nā kui kele i nā hui pālua, ke kāʻei i nā kihi kūpono, i nā lālani ʻehā ma nā lālā.
Liʻiliʻi nā cone pollen, inconspicuous a aia ma nā wēlau o nā lālā. He maʻalea nō hoʻi nā ʻanoʻano hua ma ka mua, akā ulu 1-2 cm ka lōʻihi a oʻo ma waena o 6 a me 8 mau mahina o ka makahiki.Loaʻa iā lākou he 6 a 12 e kau ana i nā unahi lahilahi, wiliʻili, a hūnā kēlā me kēia i nā hua liʻiliʻi ʻelua a ʻelua me nā ʻēheu ʻaoʻao ʻololī hoʻi.
ʻO ka mea nui Juniper
ʻO ka pahu me ka ʻili palupalu, silvery, hili ʻia a manoanoa ma ke kumu. He haiki ka lei aliʻi, paʻa, kolamu, i kekahi manawa ākea a kūlike ʻole i ke ʻano. ʻO ka juniper he polycarpous pyramidal i ka wā ʻōpio, i kona ʻano oʻo he ʻano ʻokoʻa ia.
ʻO nā nila ʻaʻala, wīwī me kahi aila aila i kaomi paʻa ʻia i nā lālā i hoʻopuni ʻia a i ʻole quadrangular, ʻino a liʻiliʻi hoʻi, ʻoi kona kala:
- ʻōmaʻomaʻo hina;
- uliuli-ʻōmaʻomaʻo;
- ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻōmaʻomaʻo.
Pau nā aniani o nā nila i kaʻeleʻele i ka hoʻoilo. ʻO nā nila kuʻi ʻōpio e like me ka nila. Hoʻokomo ʻia nā nila kuʻikuʻi, hoʻohele ʻia a hoʻonohonoho ʻia i pālua a ʻekolu paha.
Ulu nā hua polū mae ma nā mea kanu wahine.
ʻO Cryptometry
Ulu i loko o nā ululāʻau i loko o ka lepo hohonu, ninini maikaʻi ʻia i nā ʻano mehana a me nā mea hoʻowali, ʻaʻole e hoʻomanawanui i nā lepo ʻilihune a me nā anuanu, maloʻo maloʻo.
Hiki i 70 m ke kiʻekiʻe, kumu lāʻau 4 m ma ka pae umauma. ʻUlaʻula ʻulaʻula ka ʻili, hemo i nā kaha kū i luna. Hoʻonohonoho ʻia nā nila i kahi wili, 0.5-1 cm ka lōʻihi.
ʻO nā cones hua he globular, 1 a 2 cm ke anawaena, a aia ma kahi o 20 a 40 mau unahi hua.
E nani a nani nā mea kanu i ko lākou oʻo ʻana. Ke ʻōpio lākou, aia lākou i ke ʻano o kahi pyramid, a laila wehe ʻia nā lei aliʻi, e hana ana i kahi oval ākea. Pololei a pahu ʻia ke kumu, hāʻule nā lālā lālā i ka lepo i ka ulu ʻana o ka lāʻau.
ʻO Juniper Virginia
ʻO kahi lālā lālā ulu ulu ulu, hele a ulu mālie e lilo i ulu ma kahi lepo maikaʻi ʻole, akā ulu mau a 5-20 m a i ʻole paʻakikī a 27 mau m.
ʻUlaʻula ʻulaʻula ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo, fibrous, exfoliates i nā kaha kūiki.
ʻO nā kui kele i ʻelua mau ʻano o nā nila.
- nila nui, hoʻopuehu ʻia e like me nā nila ʻōpio ʻōpio 5 - 10 mm ka lōʻihi;
- ke ulu nui nei, e like me ka pālākiō, nā nila o nā mākua 2-4 mm ka lōʻihi.
Aia nā nila i nā paʻa ʻelua e ʻae ana i nā kihi ʻākau, a i ʻole kekahi manawa i nā whorls o ʻekolu. Ulu nā nila ʻōpio ma nā mea kanu ʻōpio a i 3 mau makahiki a ma nā wana o nā lāʻau makua, maʻamau i ka malu.
Juniper scaly
Kapu (ʻano liʻiliʻi ka lāʻau) 2-10 m kiʻekiʻe (kākaʻikahi a 15 m), lei aliʻi e kolo ana a i ʻole kūlike i ke ʻano conical. ʻO kēia ʻano he dioecious, pollen a me nā cones hua i hoʻokumu ʻia ma nā mea kanu kaʻawale, akā i kekahi manawa monoecious.
Pālehu a ʻeleʻele eleele ka ʻili. ʻO nā nila ākea a me nā nila-e like me, 3-9 mm ka lōʻihi, hoʻonohonoho ʻia i ʻeono lālani i nā whorls ʻekolu o nā nila ʻekolu, polū ʻōmaʻomaʻo i ke kala.
Pollen cones 3-4 mm ka lōʻihi, hoʻokahe i ka pollen mai ka hoʻoilo o ka hoʻoilo a i ka mua o ka puna. ʻO nā cones hua o 4-9 mm e like me nā hua spherical a ovoid paha, he 4-6 mm ko lākou anawaena, pena ʻia lākou i ka ʻeleʻele hiʻohilohi a loaʻa hoʻokahi hua, pala i 18 mau mahina ma hope o ka pollination.
Kaina uila Evergreen
Ulu ke kumu pololei i 20-30 m. Lahilahi ka ʻili, laumania a hinahina no ka manawa lōʻihi, me ka makahiki e lilo i hina-ʻeleʻele a me furrow longitudinally.
Pana nā kī i nā ʻaoʻao āpau, aia ko lākou anawaena ma kahi o 1 mm, he poepoe a he quadrangular paha ke ʻano.
Needles:
- scaly;
- ʻōpuni ākea;
- liʻiliʻi;
- ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻeleʻele.
Hōʻike ʻia nā cone Pollen i ka wā mua o ka puna. E ulu ana nā cones hua e kau ana ma kahi kumu pōkole, ʻōlinolino, ʻeleʻele a hina paha i ke kala, spherical a elliptical paha i ke ʻano.
Wehe nā ʻōpuʻu i Kepakemapa. Ma hope o ka nalo ʻana o nā ʻanoʻano, noho mau ka ʻohana ma ka kumulāʻau no kekahi mau makahiki.
Pākaina
ʻO ke ʻano launa ʻole a me ka nui o ke kala e hoʻolilo i nā lāʻau cypress i mea kanu waiwai na:
- hoʻohui palena ola;
- kanu kanu;
- pale uʻi.
Mālama nā lālā peʻa me nā nila lōʻihi, palupalu e like me ka lace filigree a i ʻole nā ferns. ʻO nā lālā piʻi o ka lāʻau cypress e like me kahi pena Iapana, kāhiko ʻia me nā lālā kau. ʻO ka pae kala mai ka polū-hina, ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻeleʻele i ke gula. Kūpono ka lepo, lepo ʻakika; ʻaʻole ulu nā kumulāʻau i ka wela, maloʻo, a me nā ʻano makani.
Ma nā wahi ākea, ulu nā kumulāʻau cypress i ka nui piha, ulu ʻia nā ʻano dwarf i loko o nā ipu a i ʻole nā māla pōhaku.
ʻO Callitris
ʻO nā kumulāʻau liʻiliʻi, kaulike a i ʻole nā kumulāʻau nui, ulu i 5-25 m ka lōʻihi. He ʻōmaʻomaʻo mau a mauʻu hoʻi nā nila, i nā lūlū ke nānā aku lākou e like me nā nila. Hoʻonohonoho ʻia nā nila i nā lālani 6 ma nā lālā, i nā whorls ʻekolu o ʻekolu.
Liʻiliʻi nā cone kāne, 3-6 mm ka nui, a aia ma nā wēlau o nā lālā. Hoʻomaka ka ulu ʻana o nā wahine me ka ʻike ʻole ʻia, oʻo i 18-20 mau mahina i 1-3 cm ka lōʻihi a me ka laulā. Globular e ovoid i ke kinona, me 6 mau unahi huluhulu manoanoa e hoʻopili ʻia ana. Kū paʻa mau nā ʻōpuʻu no nā makahiki he nui, e wehe wale ana ma hope o ka wela ʻana o kahi ahi ahi. A laila kupu nā hua i hoʻokuʻu ʻia i ka honua wela.
ʻAe
Berry Yew
ʻO kahi ulu mau loa, dioecious nui, lāʻau coniferous i piʻi i ke kiʻekiʻe o 10-20 m, i kekahi manawa a hiki i 40 m i ke kiʻekiʻe me kahi kumu a i 4 m ke anawaena i ke kiʻekiʻe o ka pahu. ʻO ka lei aliʻi he pyramidal maʻamau, lilo i kūlike ʻole me ka makahiki, akā he nui nā ʻano moʻomeheu o ka berry yew ʻokoʻa loa mai kēia kānāwai.
Lahilahi ka ʻili, scaly, brown. Pālahalaha nā nila, hoʻonohonoho ʻia i loko o kahi wili, ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻeleʻele.
He poepoe nā pōpō pollen. ʻO nā cones hua kahi hua hoʻokahi e hoʻopuni ʻia e kahi ʻili ʻoluʻolu a ʻulaʻula. Mālama ka hua i nā mahina 6-9 ma hope o ka pollination a lawe ʻia nā ʻanoʻano e nā manu.
Torrey
ʻO ka ulu liʻiliʻi / waena / ulu lāʻau, 5-20 m ke kiʻekiʻe, kākaʻikahi ka 25 m. Hoʻonohonoho ʻia nā nila i kahi wili i nā wana, wili ʻia i ke kumu, ulu i nā lālani pālahalaha ʻelua, paʻa pono a me kahi wīwī ʻoi.
He monoecious a dioecious paha ʻo Torreya. I ka monoecious, ulu nā cone kāne a me nā wahine ma nā lālā like ʻole. Hoʻonohonoho ʻia nā cones pollen i kahi laina ma ka lalo o ke kī. ʻO nā cones hua (nā hua wahine), hoʻokahi a i ʻole nā hui o 2-8 ma kahi kumu pōkole. Heʻuʻuku lākou i ka wā mua, e oʻo ana i 18 mau mahina ma hope o ka pollination i kahi hua pōhaku me kahi hua nunui, e like me ka hua nut i hoʻopuni ʻia e ka uhi ʻiʻo, waihoʻoluʻu ʻōmaʻomaʻo a poni paha i ka oʻo piha.
Araucariaceae
ʻO Agathis
ʻO nā kumulāʻau me nā pahu nui me ka lālā ʻole ma lalo o ka lei aliʻi. Kūlike ke ʻano o nā kumulāʻau ʻōpio, poepoe ke kalaunu, nalowale ke kinona i kona oʻo ʻana. Mālie ka ʻili, hina hina a hina i brown-brown i ke kala. ʻO nā unahi o ke ʻano kaulike ʻole, e mānoanoa ana ma nā kumu lāʻau kahiko. Kūpono ke ʻano o nā lālā, me ka ulu a lākou i lalo. Haʻalele nā lālā lalo i nā scars puni ke kaʻawale lākou mai ka kumu.
ʻOi aku ka nui o nā lau ʻōpio ma mua o nā lāʻau o nā mākua, ʻoi, ovoid a i ʻole lanceolate i ka helehelena. ʻO nā lau i nā kumu lāʻau elliptical a laina paha, ʻili a mānoanoa. ʻO nā lau ʻōpio ke keleawe-ʻulaʻula, ke hoʻohālikelike me nā lau ʻōmaʻomaʻo a i ʻole hinahina-ʻōmaʻomaʻo o ka wā i hala.
Araucaria
ʻO kahi kumulāʻau nui me kahi kumu kū i luna, 30-80 m ke kiʻekiʻe.Ua ulu nā lālā ākea i ke ʻano o nā whorls a uhi ʻia me nā lau ʻili, paʻakikī a like me ka nila. I kekahi ʻano o ka araucaria, he hāiki nā lau, ʻano awl a lanceolate, ʻaʻohe hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia kekahi i kekahi, ma nā ʻē aʻe ākea, pālahalaha a uhi ʻia hoʻi.
He dioecious ʻo Araucariae, ulu nā ʻeke kāne a wahine wahine ma nā lāʻau ʻokoʻa, ʻoiai he monoecious a hoʻololi paha i ka moekolohe i ka manawa. ʻO nā cone wahine:
- e ulu kiʻekiʻe i ka lei aliʻi;
- poepoe;
- ka nui o nā laha mai 7 a 25 cm ke anawaena.
Loaʻa i nā kone he 80-200 mau hua ʻai nui e like me nā hua paina.
Sequoia
Ulu 60 - 100 m i ke kiʻekiʻe. Kumu:
- lehulehu loa;
- tapering iki;
- anawaena 3 - 4.5 m a ʻoi paha ma ke kiʻekiʻe o ka umauma.
ʻO ka lei aliʻi he conical a monopodial i ka wā ʻōpio, lilo i conical liʻiliʻi, kūlike ʻole i ke ʻano a wehe ʻia me ka makahiki. ʻUlaʻula ʻulaʻula ka ʻili, me kahi ʻano mānoanoa, paʻakikī a me fibrous, a hiki i ka 35 cm mānoanoa, ʻeleʻele ke kinamona i loko.
ʻO nā nila he 1-30 mm ka lōʻihi, maʻamau me ka stomata ma nā ʻaoʻao ʻelua. ʻO nā cones pollen mai ka ʻaneʻane ākea a i ka ovoid, 2 - 5 mm ka nui. ʻO nā cones hua he 12 - 35 mm ka lōʻihi, elliptical a ʻulaʻula-ʻulaʻula i ke kala, me nā unahi pālahalaha pālahalaha.
Nā hōʻailona a me nā hiʻohiʻona o conifers
ʻO kekahi o nā conifers ke nānā aku e like me nā kumulāʻau, ʻo kekahi e ulu kiʻekiʻe, e like me ka sequoia nunui
Nā hōʻailona o conifers, ʻo lākou:
- hana i nā puʻupuʻu hua;
- he lau kuʻi e like me nā nila kuʻi ʻia me ka cutic waxy;
- hoʻomohala i nā kumu pololei;
- ulu nā lālā i kahi mokulele papamoe.
ʻO kēia mau kumulāʻau he ʻōmaʻomaʻo mau, ʻo ia hoʻi ʻaʻole lākou e ninini i nā nila āpau i ka manawa hoʻokahi a hoʻomau i ka photosynthesize.
ʻO nā lau o ka nui o nā conifers e like me nā nila. Mālama nā kumulāʻau i nā nila no 2-3 mau makahiki a mai hoʻokahe i kēlā me kēia makahiki. Komo mau ʻo Evergreens i ka photosynthesis, kahi e hoʻonui ai i ka pono o ka wai. ʻO nā waha paʻa pono a me ka uhi wax e hoʻēmi i ka nalo o ka wai. ʻO ke ʻano o nā lau e like me ka nila ka mea e hōʻemi ai i ke kūʻē ʻana i nā ʻenekini a hoʻolohi i ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana, a ʻo nā nila kuʻi ākea e pale i nā meaola e noho ana i loko o ka ulu o nā conifers: nā pepelu, fungi a me nā mea kanu liʻiliʻi.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ka hana hou ʻana i nā conifers
He mea maʻalahi ka hoʻolaha ʻana o nā conifers i ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana i nā angiosperms. ʻO ka pollen i hana ʻia i nā ʻone kāne lawe ʻia e ka makani, ma luna o nā puʻupuʻu wahine ma kekahi kumulāʻau ʻē aʻe, a momona iā lākou.
Ma hope o ka momona, hoʻomohala nā ʻanoʻano i nā puʻupuʻu wahine. Lawe ʻia i ʻelua mau makahiki no ka oʻo ʻana o nā hua, a ma hope iho e hāʻule ai nā ʻone ma ka honua, e hoʻokuʻu ʻia nā ʻanoʻano.
Pehea e ʻokoʻa ai nā conifers mai nā lāʻau deciduous
Hoʻomaopopo ka ʻano lau a me nā hana hana hua i nā mea kanu deciduous a me coniferous. He deciduous kahi kumulāʻau ke lilo kāna lau i kekahi o nā kau o ka makahiki. ʻO nā kumulāʻau e heleleʻi nā lau, i ke kauwela, a kū olohelohe lākou i ka hoʻoilo, i kapa ʻia he deciduous. ʻOiai ʻaʻohe o lākou canopy ʻōmaʻomaʻo, ke ola nei kēia mau lāʻau.
Hoʻololi nā lau lau
Hoʻololi nā lau o nā lāʻau deciduous i ke kala; i ka wā o ka hāʻule huli lākou i ʻulaʻula, melemele a i ʻole ʻalani iki. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia kēia mau kumulāʻau ma ke ʻano he lāʻau paakiki, ʻoiai he mau kumulāʻau nā conifers.
I nā conifers, ʻaʻole hāʻule ka uhi i ka hāʻule a i ka hoʻoilo, a lawe nā mea kanu i nā ʻanoʻano i nā hale i kapa ʻia he cones. No laila, he gymnosperms lākou (he mau hua ʻōlohelohe), a me nā mea kanu deciduous he angiosperms (uhi ka hua i nā hua). Hoʻohui ʻia, nui ka hapanui o nā conifers i nā anuanu anuanu.
Nā maʻi a me nā mea hōʻino
ʻO nā lāʻau ʻōmaʻomaʻo a deciduous e ʻeha i ka maʻi a me nā mea make ʻino, akā ʻo ka haumia ea ʻana mai ka lehu a me nā mea ʻona ʻino e ʻoi aku ka hōʻino i nā conifers ma mua o nā mea deciduous.
Ke ʻano
Hoʻonui ākea nā māla Deciduous a pālahalaha i kā lākou mau lau e loaʻa ai ka lā. ʻOi aku lākou i ka pōʻai ma mua o nā conifers, he cone-shaped a ulu i luna ma mua o ka laulā a lawe i kahi ʻano triangular.
No ke aha ʻaʻole e hoʻopili ai nā conifers i ka hoʻoilo
ʻAʻole hōʻiliʻili kahi lāʻau coniferous conicalous hāiki i ka hau, ʻaʻole paʻa nā lālā i nā anilā me nā kauwela pōkole, nā hoʻoilo lōʻihi a koʻikoʻi hoʻi.
Kōkua i ka heʻe ʻana o ka hau:
- nā lālā palupalu a maʻalahi hoʻi;
- lau loloa, lahilahi, like me ka nila.
Hoʻoemi i ka transpiration a kaohi i ka nalo o ka wai i ka wā hau.
- ʻāpana lau lau palena liʻiliʻi;
- ka pale waxy o nā nila.
He ʻōmaʻomaʻoʻeleʻele nā nila, a komo i ka lā hoʻoilo o ka hoʻoilo, nāwaliwali ia i nā latitude kiʻekiʻe.
He mau ʻōmaʻomaʻo mau ʻo Conifers a hoʻomaka ke kaʻina hana o ka hana nutrient ke hoʻi hou ke anilā maikaʻi i ka puna.
Nā ʻike hoihoi e pili ana i nā conifers
Hele mai nā Conifers i nā kala āpau o ke ānuenue, ʻaʻole ʻōmaʻomaʻo wale nō, ʻulaʻula, keleawe, melemele a i ʻole polū nā kui kele.
Hoʻohuli ʻia ke kala o nā nila e ka wela o ka nohona, no ka laʻana, thuja "Reingold" melemele-ʻulaʻula i ke kauwela a lilo i keleawe i ka hoʻoilo, a ʻo Japanese Cryptomeria "Elegance" he ʻōmaʻomaʻo-ʻulaʻula i ke kau mahana a lilo i keleawe-ʻulaʻula i ke anuanu.
Loaʻa nā Conifers i nā ʻano like ʻole, mai ka 30-centimeter compacta juniper a i ka 125-meter sequoias, ʻo ia nā lāʻau kiʻekiʻe a kiʻekiʻe hoʻi ma ka honua, e ulu ana ma Kaleponi.
Lawe nā Conifers i nā ʻano like ʻole, e laʻa me:
- pālahalaha a hohola ma ka honua (juniper ākea);
- nā pua (swamp cypress);
- multilevel (kedera);
- poepoe honua (thuja komohana Globose).
He ʻelua mau lau nā Conifers: acicular a scaly. I kahi juniper, he acicular ka uhi ʻōpio, wīwī ka lau o nā mākua (i ka holo ʻana o ka manawa, hoʻololi ʻia mai nā nila i nā unahi).
Pale aku ʻo Conifers iā lākou iho mai ka maʻi fungal a me ka infectation o ka ʻūpala, ʻoiai hiki iā lākou ke hūnā i kahi resin kūikawā he mea ʻawaʻawa no nā microorganism a me nā arthropods.
