ʻO Daphnia ke kuhikuhi i nā cladocerans, ʻo kēia genus o nā crustacean liʻiliʻi he ʻoi aku ma mua o 150 mau ʻano. ʻO kēlā me kēia aquarist mahalo iā lākou iho ʻike i ko lākou ʻano. daphnia crustaceansʻoiai he meaʻai kaulana lākou no nā ʻano iʻa iʻa he nui iʻa.
Nā hiʻohiʻona a me nā wahi noho o Daphnia
Kaukaʻi ʻia i ka ʻoluʻolu daphnia, hiki i kā lākou nui mai 0.2 mm a 6 mm, no laila e hoʻopaʻa hale daphnia hiki wale ma lalo o kahi microscope. ʻO ke kino o kēia mau crustacea he ʻano oval, ua uhi ʻia me kahi pale kūikawā o ʻelua mau kiwikā (carapace), ka mea e pale ai i nā mea kūloko.
Uhi ʻia ke poʻo me ka pūpū chitinous a loaʻa kahi ulu o ka nuku (rastrum), ma lalo o kahi e loaʻa ai nā antennae mua, e hana ana i ka hana olfactory.
ʻOi aku ka nui o ka nui o nā antennas hope ma mua o nā mea mua; ʻo kā lākou hana nui ke neʻe i ka daphnia. No kēia hiʻohiʻona daphnia maʻamau kuhikuhi pinepine ʻia ma ke ʻano he "ʻau kai".
Ma ke poʻo o ka crustacean kahi maka hui - kahi hui paona ʻole e kuleana no ka hihiʻo. Aia ka welelau nauplial ma lalo pono o ka ʻaoʻao make.
Nā wāwae wāwae Daphnia, uhi ʻia me nā hulu he nui, lawelawe ma ke ʻano he kānana kahi e hele ai ka crustacean i nā limu unicellular a me nā bacteria i kau ʻia i ka wai. Hana nā wāwae i nā kaha 500 i kēlā me kēia minuke.
Daphnia kiʻi, i lawe ʻia i ka hoʻonui kiʻekiʻe, i mea e ʻike maopopo ai i ke ʻano kūloko o ka crustacean. Mahalo i ka pūpū translucent, ʻike maopopo ʻia ka puʻuwai, ʻōpū, a i nā wahine - kahi ʻeke brood me nā embryos he nui.
Hiki ke ʻike ʻia ʻo Daphnia o kekahi ʻano a i ʻole i kahi kino wai kū ʻole - mai kahi loko wai liʻiliʻi a i loko o kahi loko hohonu. Aia kekahi mau lunamakaʻāinana o kēia genus o crustaceans ma Eurasia, ʻAmelika Hema a me ʻAkau ʻĀkau, a ma Antarctica hoʻi.
ʻO kahi mea nui i ko lākou ola maʻamau ka wai stagnant, kahi i loaʻa ai ka palena iki o nā huna lepo. Ke komo nei i loko o ka wai e holo ana, daphnia e kānana i ka lepo me nā limu a hele mālie i ko lākou mau naʻau.
ʻAi ʻia nā hua o ke one a ʻae ʻole i ka crustacean e neʻe maʻamau, make koke ia. Daphnia pili loa i ka haumia o ke kaiapuni, no laila hoʻohana pinepine ia i ka nānā ʻana i ka maikaʻi o ka wai i nā waihona.
Ke ʻano a me ka nohona o Daphnia
Makemake ʻo Daphnia e hoʻolilo i ka hapa nui o ko lākou ola i ke kolamu wai, kahi e kānana mau ai lākou i ka wai i piha i nā microorganism cell-cell. I ke ala like, ola ʻo daphnia i ke anuanu hoʻoilo, inā ʻaʻole ia e hibernate.
Mea ʻai
ʻO ka limu ʻōmaʻomaʻo-ʻōmaʻomaʻo, ka hū a me ka bacteria ka meaʻai nui no daphnia. ʻO ke kiʻekiʻena kiʻekiʻe o nā limu unicellular i ʻike ʻia ma nā "waihona wai", kahi o ka nui ʻole o nā iʻa, ola maikaʻi ka daphnia a hoʻonui pinepine ʻia.
ʻO ka hana hou a me ke ola o ke ola
Hoʻohou hoihoi daphnia - papa Hoʻohālikelike ʻia nā crustacean e kahi hiʻohiʻona e like me parthenogenesis. ʻO kēia ka hiki ke hoʻohua i nā keiki me ka pono ʻole o ka momona.
Ke kūpono ka nohona o kēia genus o crustaceans, hānau hou nā wahine Daphnia ma o parthenogenesis, hānau wahine wale nō.
Ma ka awelika, hānau kekahi kanaka i keiki i ka nui o 10 nauplii, a laila hiki ke hānau hou ma ka lā 4 ma hope o ka hānau ʻana. I loko o ka wā o kona ola, lawe mai ka wahine daphnia i nā keiki a 25 mau manawa.
Ke hōʻino nā kūlana o ke kaiapuni, hānau ʻia nā kāne, a ʻo ka hanauna hou o crustaceans e hoʻohua i nā hua e pono ke momona. Nā hua moa Daphniahana ʻia i loko o ia wā, ulu i loko o nā embryos liʻiliʻi, uhi ʻia lākou me kahi pūpale pale kūikawā a hele i ka hibernation.
I kēia palapala, hiki i nā embryos Daphnia ke ola i ka maloʻo a me ka hau hau. E hana hou ka hanauna hou i nā wahine wale nō e hiki ke komo i ka parthenogenesis.
ʻO kekahi hiʻohiʻona hoihoi o Daphnia ʻo cyclomorphosis. I nā kau like ʻole o ka makahiki, hānau ʻia kēlā me kēia kanaka i ka heluna like, ʻokoʻa i ke ʻano o ke kino.
No laila, ʻo nā hanauna kauwela o daphnia kahi nila kuʻikuʻu elongated a me kahi ulu ma ka mahiole. Ma waena o nā kuhiakau he nui e pili ana i ka hiki o kēlā mau hoʻololi, manaʻo ʻia ka mea nui ka pale ʻana mai nā predators, i ʻoi aku ka hana i ke kauwela.
Pōkole ke ola o Daphnia a mai ka 3 mau pule a 5 mau mahina, kaukaʻi ʻia i nā ʻano. ʻOi aku ka lōʻihi o nā lāhui nui e like me Daphnia Magna ma mua o kā lākou mau hoa liʻiliʻi.
Aia nō ke ola o daphnia i ka wela o ka wai - ke kiʻekiʻe ʻo ia, ke holo nei nā kaʻina hana metabolic wikiwiki, ulu wikiwiki ke kino, wikiwiki nā makahiki a make.
ʻO ke kumu kūʻai Daphnia i ke ʻano o ka hānai
Me nā poʻe ʻē aʻe crustaceans, daphnia a hānai ʻia ʻo Gammarus i kahi kūʻai. Daphnia hānau ma ka home ʻaʻole lawe mai i kahi pilikia nui.
Lawa wale ia e lawe i kahi ea a i ʻole ipu aniani, hoʻohui i ka aeration a hana i nā kūlana no ka hana maikaʻi ʻana o nā limu polū-ʻōmaʻomaʻo - ka hoʻomālamalama maikaʻi a me ka mahana paʻa.
I ke kiʻi, daphnia maloʻo no ka iʻa
ʻO ka daphnia ola, paʻahau a maloʻo, kahi meaʻai maikaʻi loa no nā poʻe o ka aquarium. Daphnia maloʻo no ka iʻa lawelawe ma ke ʻano he kumu waiwai maikaʻi o ka protein, no ka mea, ʻoi aku ka nui o kāna ʻike i 50% o ka nui o ke kaumaha o ka hānai.
ʻO Gammarus, ʻōpala, daphnia - meaʻai ʻoi aku ma mua o ke kumu kūʻai. No laila, ʻo kahi pūʻulu o gammarus maloʻo a daphnia paha me ka nui o 100 ml e uku ʻia ma mua o 20-50 rubles, paʻahau - kahi pipiʻi iki - 80-100 rubles.
ʻAʻole maʻamau ka ʻai maoli i nā hale kūʻai holoholona hānai o kēia wā, akā ʻaʻole mālama ʻia no ka lōʻihi a ʻokoʻa iki i ka waiwai nutritional mai nā hoa paʻahau.
