Ma ke ʻano he rula, ke noʻonoʻo e pili ana i ke kūʻai ʻana i kahi aquarium, ʻo ka mea mua e nānā ai, ʻo ia nō, ka iʻa. A pehea lā e hiki ʻole ai inā, ke kipa aku i kahi hoaaloha a i ʻole ke kipa ʻana i kekahi ʻoihana a ʻike i kēia poʻe kamaʻāina nani o ka hohonu o ka wai e lana ana i loko o kahi aquarium, kahi makemake nui e hana i kēlā nani ma ka home e kau pū i ka ʻuhane.
ʻO ka makemake aʻe e ʻike ʻia ma hope o ke kūʻai ʻana a i ʻole hoʻouka ʻana i kahi wai i hana ʻia e hoʻonaninani i kona lalo me nā mea hoʻonaninani like ʻole a i ʻole hoʻolako ʻia i hale kākela. Akā ma hope o kēia mau pilikia āpau, kahi mea nui a me nā mea nui ʻē aʻe i emi iki i ke kua, ʻaʻole ia wale nō ke ʻano nani o ka aquarium, akā hilinaʻi nui ʻia hoʻi kāna microclimate. E like me kāu i kuhi ai, ke kamaʻilio nei mākou e pili ana i nā mea kanu.
He mea kūpono nō hoʻi ia e hoʻokūpaʻa koke aku i nā mea kanu aquarium ʻaʻole nā limu, kahi a ka hapa nui o lākou e kapa pinepine ai iā lākou, nā ka poʻe maʻamau a me nā aquarist novice. Pākuʻi pū ka limu i nā meaolaola e hana kope i nā kūlana maikaʻi no lākou, kahi e laʻa ai me ke kukui a me ka hoʻomālamalama ʻole a i ʻole mālama mālama maʻamau. Hoʻolahalaha, aia lākou ma ke aniani a me nā mea hoʻonani ʻē aʻe, e uhi pono iā lākou iho. Hoʻohui ʻia, hiki i nā limu ke pepehi i ka iʻa ma ke kāpae ʻana i ka kānana a me ka ʻai ʻana i ka oxygen.
Pono nā mea kanu i kahi ala kūikawā no kā lākou ulu ʻana. Eia kekahi, ʻaʻole lākou e lawelawe ma ke ʻano he hoʻonaninani maikaʻi loa i ka aquarium, akā ʻaʻole hoʻi e hōʻino iki i ka iʻa. A ʻaʻole ia e haʻi i kā lākou waiwai pono ʻē aʻe. Akā i waena o ko lākou ʻano āpau, uhi nā mea kanu uhi honua o ka mua i kahi wahi kūikawā.
He aha nā mea kanu i manaʻo ʻia he mea kanu uhi honua?
ʻO kahi aquarium hoʻolālā nani nani ke nānā aku. Akā inā ʻaʻohe o ka paʻakikī ke koho ʻana o ka iʻa a me nā mea hoʻonaninani, a laila paʻakikī ka koho ʻana i nā mea kanu no ka mua ma mua o nā aquarist ʻike. Ma ke ʻano he rula, no ka hoʻonaninani ʻana i kēia ʻāpana o kahi moku hana, hoʻohana nui ʻia nā mea kanu, ʻaʻole kiʻekiʻe ke kiʻekiʻe ma luna o 100 mm, ʻoiai ʻo ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea kiʻekiʻe ʻaʻole hiki ke hūnā wale ʻia mai ka maka aku he iʻa, akā ʻo ka aquarium ponoʻī e liʻiliʻi ka nānā ʻana. No laila, e lilo mākou i ala maikaʻi loa e hoʻohana ai i kēia ʻano mea kanu, i kapa ʻia hoʻi ka uhi honua. E noʻonoʻo iā lākou i nā kikoʻī.
ʻO Glossostigma
I kekahi mau makahiki i hala aku nei, he nui nā mea kanu i loaʻa kahi mea kanu hou - Glossostigma, no ka ʻohana norichnik mai ia. Hōʻike ʻia e kahi kiʻekiʻe liʻiliʻi (20-30 mm) - lawe ʻia kēia mau mea kanu aquarium mai Nūhōlani. Haahaa, akā loaʻa nā lōʻihi lōʻihi, e ulu ākea a me nā lau ākea ʻole (3-5 mm), e hiki iā lākou ke hoʻololi i ka mua i loko o kahi waihona i hana ʻole ʻia ma mua o ka ʻike ʻia, me ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā kala ola.
He mea nui e koʻikoʻi ana i kēia mau mea kanu ke makaʻala loa i ka malamalama, a me ka ʻole o ke kukui, hoʻomaka ke koʻokoʻo e ulu ākea e ulu i luna, e hoʻokiʻekiʻe iki i nā lau i kahi kiʻekiʻe o 50-100 mm ma ka honua. Ma ka huli, ma lalo o nā kūlana maikaʻi, uhi koke ke koʻokoʻo i ka lalo holoʻokoʻa me kāna lau. No laila ʻo kēia mau ʻano:
- ʻAʻole paʻakikī loa a me ka wai waikawa.
- Mālama i ka hoʻomehana wela ma waena o 15-26 kekelē.
- Ke kūʻana o nā kukui mālamalama.
Paipai ʻia nō hoʻi e hana i ka hoʻonui pinepine ʻana i ka wai i loko o ka aquarium me carbon dioxide.
Liliopsis
No ka ʻohana celery kēia mau mea kanu uhi lepo, a i ʻole, e like me ka mea i kapa ʻia ai i kekahi mau makahiki i hala aku nei, nā mea kanu umbrella. Ma ke ʻano he rula, i loko o nā waihona wai hana hiki ke loaʻa iā ʻoe he 2 ʻano liliopsis:
- He ʻōiwi Brazil no ʻAmelika Hema.
- ʻO Karolinsky, i loaʻa ma ʻAmelika Hema a me ʻAkau ʻĀkau.
ʻO ka poʻe i ʻike iki i kēia mau mea kanu unpretentious i loko o kahi aquarium me ka hoʻohālikelike ʻole iā lākou me kahi lau nahele liʻiliʻi a maikaʻi. Aia ʻo Liliopsis i kahi pūʻai o nā aʻa lobular a hoʻokomo ʻia mai 1 a 3 mau lau o kahi outline lanceolate, ʻo ka laulā o 2-5 mm ia.
He mea kūpono e hoʻokūpaʻa i ka hana ʻana i kahi kapeta mānoanoa o ka mauʻu i loko o ka aquarium - ʻaʻole koi kēia mau mea kanu i kekahi mālama pilikino. Pili kēia i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻokoʻa ka lau nahele ʻē aʻe, ulu lohi loa ka liliopsis, makemake e hoʻonui i kona wahi noho me ka ʻole o ka uhi ʻana i luna o kahi lau nahele ʻōmaʻomaʻo e kū nei i loko o kahi waihona i hana ʻole ʻia.
Sitnyag
Aia kekahi mau ʻano o kēia mau mea kanu uhi honua i ka aquarium, akā ʻo ka mea maʻamau ʻo:
- Liʻiliʻi.
- Nila-like.
ʻO ke ʻano o kēia mau mea kanu he ʻano ʻē ma ka nele loa i ka lau. Kuhi hewa kekahi poʻe maʻamau i kekahi mau lā lahilahi me ke kala ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻōmaʻomaʻo no nā lau, e hoʻonui ana mai nā rhizome ākea filamentous. Eia kekahi, i ka wā o ka pua ʻana, ʻike ʻia nā spikelets o nā liʻiliʻi ma luna o kēia mau koʻokoʻo, kahi e hōʻoiaʻiʻo loa i ka poʻe kānalua i ka loaʻa ʻole o nā lau o kēia mau mea kanu aquarium.
No ka ulu ʻana i kēia mau mea kanu, lawa ia e mālama i ka mahana o ka wai i ka laulā mai 12-25 kekelē, ʻoʻoleʻa mai 1 a 20 dH. Eia hou, pono e hoʻokūpaʻa i ka ulu ʻana o ia mau mea kanu i kahi aquarium liʻiliʻi.
Mālie ʻo Echinodorus
I kēia lā, ʻo kēia mau aquarium ground cover mea kanu nā mea liʻiliʻi loa o ka ʻohana āpau o chatids. ʻO ko lākou kiʻekiʻe mai 50-60 mm, ʻoiai i kekahi manawa ua piʻi ke kiʻekiʻe o nā lāʻau kahiko i 100 mm. ʻOi aku kaʻoi o kā lākou lau me kahi ʻano laina a hāiki i ke kumu a me kahi wī ʻoi ma ka luna. ʻO kā lākou ākea 2-4 mm. He mea kūpono nō hoʻi ia e koʻikoʻi i kēia mau mea kanu he unpretentious loa. No laila, no kāna mahi ʻana, ua lawa ia e mālama ai i kahi hoʻomehana wela ma ke kaha o 18-30 kekelē a me ka paʻakikī o 1-14dH. Eia kekahi, mai poina e pili ana i nā kukui uila.
Mahalo ia i ka pae lawa o ka mālamalama i loaʻa i nā lau o Echinodorus palupalu i kahi kala ʻalani momona nani. Eia kekahi, ua hōʻoia ka nui o nā aquarist mai kā lākou ʻike ponoʻī ʻo kēia mau mea kanu ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma waena o ke koena o ka uhi honua ma muli o kā lākou hoʻomanawanui kupaianaha, hana hou wikiwiki ʻana a me ka ʻole o kahi kūlana obligatory no nā mea kanu ʻē aʻe, kahi e hānai mau nei me ka carbon dioxide.
Limu Java
Hoʻonohonoho ʻia e ka hoʻomanawanui maikaʻi, ʻo kēia mau mea kanu aquarium mālama honua haʻahaʻa makemake nui ʻia me nā mea hoʻomaka a me nā aquarist ʻike. No ka ʻohana hypnum ka moss Java a he ʻōiwi ia ma ka Hikina Hema ʻo Asia. ʻO ka mea kupaianaha ka hiki i Javan moss ke ulu ākea a me ka ākea.
Eia hou, inā he kākoʻo liʻiliʻi kokoke i kēia mea kanu, no ka laʻana, he pebble a i ʻole driftwood, hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike pehea e hoʻomaka ai nā wana e hoʻopaʻa iā ia, e piʻi aʻe i luna i ka mālam. Inā ʻaʻole kiʻekiʻe loa ka mālamalama, a laila hiki i kēia mea kanu ke hoʻohana i ke aniani o ka aquarium a me nā lau o nā mea kanu ʻē aʻe i mea kākoʻo.
Mea nui! No ka mālama ʻana i nā lau nahele ʻōmaʻomaʻo i loko o ka aquarium, pono e ʻokiʻoki mau i nā wana ulu a hohola i nā ʻōpala accrete.
Pono e hoʻomaopopo ʻia ʻaʻole kumu o nā pilikia i kāna ʻike. No laila, ʻo nā mea e pono ai ka hōʻoia ʻana i ka mahana o ka wai ʻaʻole e waiho i nā palena o nā kekelē 15-28, a ʻokoʻa ka paʻakikī ma waena o 5-9 pH.
Richia
ʻO kēia mau mea kanu wai ka mea kanu mua i loaʻa e waiho ʻia i loko o kahi aquarium. A ʻo ke kiko ma aneʻi ʻaʻole wale ia i kā lākou unpretentiousness, akā i kā lākou wikiwiki wikiwiki. ʻO ka maʻamau, loaʻa ʻo Richia i nā papa wai o luna o ka aquarium, kokoke i ka papa. I waho, ʻo kēia mea kanu he dichotomous thalli, kahi lālā i waena o lākou iho. ʻAʻoleʻoi aku ka mānoanoa o kēlā mau lālā i ka 1mm. I ke kaiapuni kūlohelohe, hiki ke ʻike ʻia ka ricia i loko o nā kino kūpalu a i ʻole nā wai kahe i nā wahi like ʻole o ka honua.
E like me ka mea i ʻōlelo ʻia ma luna, kope wikiwiki kēia mau mea kanu, e uhi ana i ka ʻili o ka wai me kahi papa kuʻi, ʻaʻole naʻe ka lepo. ʻO ia ke kumu e hoʻopaʻapaʻa wela ʻia ai i waena o nā ʻepekema e pili ana i ka ricia i ka hui o nā mea kanu uhi honua.
Hoʻomaopopo kekahi mau pundits i kā lākou mea no kēia hui e ka ʻoiaʻiʻo hiki ke wahī ʻia ʻo Richia me kahi laina lawaiʻa a puni ka ʻiliʻili a i ʻole driftwood a waiho ʻia ma laila a hiki i ka uhi ʻana o ka ʻaoʻao holoʻokoʻa i nā lālā o kēia mea kanu. No laila, i ka hala ʻana o ka manawa, hiki i kahi ʻiliʻili ke lilo i puʻu ʻōmaʻomaʻo nani ʻole, e pili pono i ka ʻāina o ka mua o ka aquarium.
Pā lau ʻo Marsilia
ʻAʻole hiki ke haʻi ʻole i kēia mea kanu unpretentious, i hiki ke loaʻa i loko o nā aquarium āpau. Haahaa a unpretentious loa i ka mālama, e nānā maikaʻi loa ʻo Marsilia lau ʻehā i nā waihona wai ʻimi hū nui. Ma waho, ua like ka mea kanu me ka fern me nā lau o kahi ʻano kumu, aia ma kahi rhizome kolo, kahi e makemake ai e kolo ma luna o ka honua holoʻokoʻa.
ʻO ka kiʻekiʻe o nā mea kanu he 100-120 mm. Ma lalo o nā kūlana maʻamau, ʻike ʻia ʻo Marsilia lau ʻehā e like me ke kapeta ʻōmaʻomaʻo, ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku ke kiʻekiʻe ma mua o 30-40 mm. Hoʻohui ʻia, pono e kanu me nā tweezers a me kēlā me kēia aʻa kaʻawale.
ʻO nā kūlana kūpono no ka ulu ʻana i kēia mea kanu i manaʻo ʻia he mahana wai o 18-22 kekelē, akā ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia nā hihia i ka wā i maikaʻi ai nā lau ʻehā ʻo Marsilia i nā mahana wela. He mea nui nō hoʻi e hoʻokūpaʻa i ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka wai i kahi ala ʻole e hoʻololi ai i ka helu ulu.
