ʻO ka pahi kaua kahi ʻano iʻa i hiki ke noho i ka wai hou a paʻa hoʻi. I ka mea hoʻohālikelike olaola, kuhikuhi ʻia lākou i ke kauoha o nā iʻa niho-ʻākena, i hoʻopili ʻia i loko o ka ʻohana o ka iʻa platyceae. I ko lākou kūlana kūlohelohe noho lākou i ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, i nā kahawai mehana a me nā waihona wai o nā kumu like ʻole. He ākea ka nohona o nā swordtails, akā ʻo ka hapa nui o kēia mau iʻa i ʻike ʻia he kamaʻāina o nā aquarium home.
Hōʻike a me nā hiʻohiʻona
ʻO nā pahi kaua i nā kūlana kūlohelohe a me nā aquarium hiki i nā liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi. ʻO ka lōʻihi o nā kāne, kaukaʻi ʻia i nā laha, ʻokoʻa ma waena o 4-10 knm. ʻOi aku ka nui o nā wahine - a i ka 12 cm. ʻO ke iʻa kūlohelohe, hoʻoikaika ʻia kēia e nā fin i hoʻomohala ʻia a me ke ʻano o ke kino streamline.
Pālou like ʻia nā poʻe pahi kaua. ʻO 15-20% ke poʻo o ka lōʻihi o ka lōʻihi. Caudal fin - ma kahi o 20%, ke ʻole ka pahi kaua i nā kāne. I kekahi mau laha, hiki i kēia hoʻonaninani ke piʻi i 50% o ka lōʻihi o ke kino. Hiki i kēlā "mea kaua" kupaianaha ke kaena i kahi ʻano i kapa ʻia "ka mea lawe pahi kaua o Montezuma".
ʻO nā wahine o ka ʻaneʻane āpau he 12-17% ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o nā kāne. ʻAʻole hiki i kā lākou mau koʻi lūlū ke kūlike i nā ʻano a me nā nui o nā kino moto o nā kāne. Hoʻohui ʻia, ua ulu aʻe ka moʻo huelo o ke kāne a lilo i gonopodium, kahi mea hānau e hāʻawi i nā kaona kāne i ke kino o ka wahine.
ʻAʻole aniani ke kala o nā wahine, hilinaʻi nā pale i ka wahi noho, hina hina, ʻeleʻele, nā kani ʻōmaʻomaʻo. I nā ʻano kūlohelohe, he mau kiko ko nā wahine i ke kala laulā. Ua uku ʻia nā kāne no ka akahai waihoʻoluʻu o nā wahine. Ua ʻaʻahu ʻia kekahi mau ʻano i nā lole kahi e lanakila ai ke kala hoʻokahi, e like me ka pahi kaua ʻōmaʻomaʻo. Hoʻolālā ʻokoʻa ʻia kekahi.
ʻO kekahi ʻano o nā ʻano kūlohelohe, unpretentiousness, maʻalahi mālama pahi kaua, kahi ʻōnaehana hoʻohua hilinaʻi i lawe mai i nā pahi kaua i nā aquarium o ka home. Ua hana ʻia i ka hoʻomaka o ke kenekulia i hala. ʻIke koke nā mea hānai a me nā mea hoʻohua iā lākou. ʻO ka hopena, ʻo ka helu o nā iʻa i ke ʻano o nā swordtails a me ka noho ʻana i nā aquarium home he mau manawa ke kiʻekiʻe ma mua o ka helu o nā swordtails e noho nei i nā waihona kūlohelohe.
Nā ʻano
I ke kūlohelohe, aia he 28 mau ʻano o nā swordtails. ʻElua a ʻekolu paha mau hua i loaʻa mai ka hybridization maoli. Kākaʻikahi kēia kāwili ʻana a he ʻāpana ia o ke kaʻina kūlohelohe o sympatry. ʻO ia, ka puka ʻana o nā ʻano hou i nā heluna lehulehu me nā pae kau. I ke ʻano o nā swordtails, aia kekahi mau ʻano laha ʻole a aʻo maikaʻi ʻole ʻia hoʻi. Aia kekahi ʻano i ʻike maikaʻi ʻia.
- Ōmaʻomaʻo mea lawe pahi kaua... ʻO kekahi o nā lāhui kaulana loa. Aia kona pae i nā panalāʻau mai Mexico a Honduras.
- Mea lawe pahi kaua mauna. I kekahi manawa ʻike ʻia ma lalo o ka inoa "chipas". Loaʻa i nā kahawai wikiwiki o Mekiko. Wehe ʻia i ka makahiki 1960.
- Mea pahi kaua melemele. ʻO Endemik i ke kahawai ʻo Coatzacoalcos Mekiko. Manaʻo ʻia ʻo kēia ʻano aia ma ka wēlau o ka make. Aia kekahi ʻano hānai i hana ʻia - he pahi kaua melemele a lemon paha. Ke hoʻolauna nei i kahi huikau.
- Mea lawe pahi kaua Alpine. He inoa waena kona - ka malinche swordsman. Loaʻa ia i ke kīʻaha o ka muliwai Panuco, e kahe ana ma ka hema o Mexico. Ua kapa ʻia ma hope o ka mea unuhi a me ka haiā wahine a ka naʻi aupuni Cortes: Malinche Malineli Tenepatl.
- Pahi kaua o Montezuma. Kupa o ka hikina hikina o Mekiko. Loaʻa i ka pahi kaua huelo lōʻihi loa i waena o nā laha pili. Hoʻohui, loaʻa iā ia kahi fin dorsal kupaianaha i ke ʻano a me ke kala. Hoihoi loa ka iʻa i kona ʻano maoli. ʻIke liʻiliʻi i nā wai kūlohelohe a me nā aquarium home.
- Ka mea lawe pahi kaua a Gordon. Noho ia i kahi wahi: i ka loko lua pele ʻo Santa Tecla. Hōʻike i nā hana mana o ka maʻalahi. Hoʻohana ʻia ka wai i loko o kēia waihona wai ma luna o 30 ° C a māona me ka hydrogen sulfide.
- ʻIke ʻia ʻo Pecilia. I loko o nā puke Pelekane, loaʻa ia ma lalo o ka inoa variatus platyfish. Kēia mea lawe pahi kaua — he iʻa ʻokoʻa, ia i kahi waihoʻoluʻu kikoʻī kupaianaha, a nele nā kāne i ka pahi kaua. Loaʻa ka mea pahi kaua ʻole ma Central America.
- Mea lawe pahi kaua Hema. Kapa ʻia ia i kekahi manawa ʻo ka moonfish a i ʻole platyfish maʻamau. ʻAʻohe pahi kaua a nā kāne o kēia ʻano i ko lākou huelo. Hoʻopili ka laulā o nā iʻa me ka laulā o ka pahi kaua ʻōmaʻomaʻo, ma muli o ka hopena, ʻike ʻia nā hybrids kūlohelohe.
- Pōhaku Swordsman a i ʻole pygmy. Loaʻa ia ma Mekiko, ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa. ʻO ka pahi kaua liʻiliʻi, ʻaʻole ulu ma mua o 3-5 knm. Hinahina nā wahine o kēia ʻano, melemele nā kāne. ʻAno like ke ʻano o nā iʻa o nā kāne ʻelua.
Nui ʻano o nā pahi kaua ʻike wale ʻia i ke kenekulia i hala a me kēia kenekulia. ʻO kā lākou komo belated i loko o ka biological classifier e pili ana me kahi helu liʻiliʻi o nā heluna kanaka, kahi hopena o nā kino wai mamao, ʻike ʻole ʻia.
ʻEkolu wale nō kūlohelohe i lilo i kaulana loa i nā aquarium home a kūʻai ʻia. He ʻōmaʻomaʻo, ʻike ʻia a me nā pahi kaua hema lākou. ʻO ka hapanui, ʻaʻole ia nā ʻāpana purebred ponoʻī i kūleʻa, akā nā ʻano i loaʻa e ka hybridization.
Ua hoʻokumu ka mea pahi kaua ʻōmaʻomaʻo i kahi hui nui o nā iʻa aquarium. ʻO ka hapa nui o lākou i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia me nā unahi malachite a loaʻa nā lole ʻokoʻa, nā kala. Ua hana ʻia kēia ma o ka hoʻoikaika ʻana o nā mea hoʻohua. Kaulana kekahi o nā mana hou me nā hobbyist a me nā aquarist home.
- ulaʻula kanaka pahi kaua - iʻa iʻa iʻa... Loaʻa iā ia e ka hui ʻana i nā gen o nā swordtails ʻōmaʻomaʻo a me nā ʻano o nā platies. Hana ʻia ka hana ma ka hybrid no nā makahiki he nui: ʻaʻole hiki ke hemo i nā komo keʻokeʻo mai ke kala o ka iʻa. Me kēia kīnā, ua hoʻonā ʻia ka pilikia, ua lilo ke kala i mea like, momona, hohonu. Hoʻomaka e kapa ʻia ka iʻa he rubta swordtails.
- Mea pahi kaua ʻeleʻele. ʻO ka loaʻa ʻana o ka iʻa melanistic kahi hana mau loa a nā mea hoʻohua. ʻO kaʻeleʻele ka hopena, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi. Ua hoʻokō ka poʻe Breeders i kā lākou pahuhopu, i kēia manawa ʻo ka iʻa ʻeleʻele me ka pahi kaua ma ko lākou huelo he poʻe noho pinepine o nā aquarium.
- Nā pahi kaua lemi. Loaʻa mai kahi ʻano ʻōmaʻomaʻo. Mahalo nui ʻia e nā aquarist, ʻoiai ke kāohi ʻia o ke kala o kēia pahi kaua e ke kala ʻōmaʻomaʻo mua.
- Pahi kaua Kaliko. Ua loaʻa ka iʻa i kahi inoa lole no ka nani a me ka māmā o ka hoʻolālā kala: hoʻopuehu ʻia nā ʻulaʻula ma kahi keʻokeʻo. ʻO ke kala o ke kino i hāpai ʻia e nā mea hoʻohua ʻaʻole i hoʻoili mau ʻia i nā hanauna e hiki mai ana.
- Ka mea lawe pahi kaua keʻokeʻo Bulgarian. He albino kēia, paʻa i nā hanauna, loaʻa nā hōʻailona kūpono a pau: nā maka ʻulaʻula a me ke kino keʻokeʻo. Hoʻoweliweli iki ka fill translucent i ke keʻokeʻo holoʻokoʻa o ke kino.
- Pahi Kaua Ānuenue. ʻO nā ʻāpana a me nā inckled inc Rah o nā kala a pau o ke ānuenue kū i luna i kahi kua hina-ʻōmaʻomaʻo. Hoʻonui ʻia ka nani o ka nani e nā ʻalani ʻalani.
- Pahi kaua pika. He kiko ko kēia iʻa e like me nā kiko inika i heleleʻi ʻia ma ke kumu ʻulaʻula. ʻAno ʻeleʻele loa ʻo Caudal fin.
- Pahi kaua huelo ʻeleʻele. ʻO ke kino ʻulaʻula, hoʻomākaukau ʻia me nā peʻapeʻele, hana i kēia iʻa austere a nani hoʻi i ka manawa like.
- Ka pahi kaua i ke kiʻi ʻo ka mea i hōʻike mau ʻia e kona loli lyrebird. He ʻano kaulana ia i waena o nā poʻe aquarist. Eia kekahi, he ʻokoʻa loa ke kala o ka iʻa huelo kala. Ke huki pinepine ʻia nā peʻa e like me ka pale lahilahi e nā hoalauna aquarium.
Mālama a mālama
Mālama ʻia nā pahi kaua i loko o nā aquariums liʻiliʻi a me waena. Hiki ke helu ʻia ka nohona liʻiliʻi e like me kēia: 30 liters ka nui hoʻomaka no nā pai pahi kaua ʻekahi, me 5 liters no kēlā me kēia iʻa aʻe.
Kūpono nā lako hana aquarium. Makemake nā mea kanu a me nā iʻa i ka māmā. No laila, ʻaʻole ke kukui hou i ke ala. Inā loaʻa nā pilikia o ke keʻena me ka hoʻomehana, pono ʻoe e mālama i ka mea hoʻomehana, kahi e hoʻopili mau ʻia me ka thermometer. ʻO ka mahana maʻamau o 25-26 ° C ʻaʻole wale kahi hopena maikaʻi no nā swordtails.
Ke hāʻule ke ana wela ma lalo o 22 ° C, hiki i kekahi ke nānā aku ke ʻiʻī nei ka iʻa i kā lākou mau lola, "ʻalalā" i ka honua. Hōʻike kēia i kahi maʻi o nā swordtails me ka ichthyophthyriosis, i kumu ʻia e ka infusoria parasite. Hiki ke hanana o ka ichthyophthyriosis, akā ʻaʻole pono. Hiki i nā pahi kaua ke noho maluhia ma 20 ° C.
Loaʻa ka palena o kēia iʻa hoʻomanawanui, hiki mai ke anuanu o ke anuanu ma mua o 15 ° C. Lū ka make mai ka hypothermia ma hope o kēia paepae. ʻAʻole pilikia ka paʻakikī a me ka waikawa. Kūleʻa kēia mau palena. ʻO ka waikawa e pili ana iā pH 7, paʻakikī i ke kaha o dH 10-20.
Hiki ke ʻokoʻa ka helu paʻakai. Noho mau ka poʻe pahi kaua i loko o nā aquarium. Akā ʻo ka paʻakai liʻiliʻi i loko o ka wai e hōʻeha ʻole i ka iʻa. I kēia mau lā, nui nā mea e mālama nei i nā aquarium. ʻO ka pahi kaua, no kahi loli, hiki ke ʻike ʻia i ka aquamir kai. E hana i kēia, hoʻomākaukau ka iʻa: i loko o ka ipu kahi e noho ai ia, hoʻonui iki ʻia ka paʻakai i nā palena i makemake ʻia (32-35 ‰).
Hoʻokumu nā mea kanu Aquarium, i ke alo o ka mālamalama, i ka oxygen, akā ʻaʻole lawa kēia. No laila, pono ka aeration pākiko no nā aquarium wai liʻiliʻi a nui hoʻi. Hoʻomaka ka ʻike oxygen maʻamau mai 5 mg i kēlā me kēia lita. Hiki iā ʻoe ke nānā i kēia parameter ma ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi hōʻike i kūʻai ʻia ma kahi hale kūʻai holoholona. E kōkua nā kaha hoʻāʻo e hoʻoholo i ka oxygen wale nō, akā i ka acidity a me ka paʻakikī o ka wai.
Kūlike nā ʻano ʻai o ka poʻe pahi kaua me nā ʻano o ka hapa nui o ko lākou mau hoanoho. ʻO ka ʻai ola ka mua. ʻO nā bloodworms kuʻuna, tubifex, a me nā ilo ka mea ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o nā meaʻai. ʻAʻole hōʻole nā pahi kaua i ka hānai maloʻo ʻoihana. Hiki i nā iʻa ke hoʻokaʻawale kūʻokoʻa i ka papa kuhikuhi ma ka ʻohi ʻana i nā mea kanu wai. Akā ʻaʻole lākou e hana ʻino nui a hōʻino ʻole i nā aʻa i ka ʻimi ʻana i ka meaʻai.
I ka nele o ka meaʻai ola, hiki ke hoʻonui ʻia ka iʻa iʻa maloʻo me ka protein protein maoli: ʻokiʻoki ʻia ka hua moa moa a i ʻoki ʻia paha ka pipi bipi - puʻuwai a i ʻole ate. ʻO nā mea ʻai ʻole ʻia e ka iʻa e pono e hemo mai ka lalo me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi siphon.
E like me ka nui o nā iʻa pecilia, hiki i nā swordtails ke ʻai i kā haʻi keiki a me kā lākou keiki. ʻImi nā ʻōpio i nā hale malumalu i nā ulu lāʻau ʻōmaʻomaʻo. ʻO nā hana a ka aquarist no ke kau pono ʻana o ka manawa i loko o kahi aquarium ʻōpio ʻo ia ke ala ʻoi loa e hoʻopakele i nā keiki hānau hou.
ʻO ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka wai i loko o ka aquarium kekahi o nā kuhi nui ka mālama ʻana i nā pale kaua pahi kaua a me nā ola wai ʻē aʻe. ʻO ka wai Aquarium kahi ʻōnaehana biolo holoʻokoʻa, ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o ke kaulike i kahi pahu nui. I ka pae mua, ʻaʻole pili iki ka wai i ʻekolu mau mahina.
Ma hope o kēlā, ma kahi o hoʻokahi manawa i kēlā me kēia 2 mau pule, 20% wale nō o ka nui o ka wai i hoʻololi ʻia. Pono kahi aquarium paʻa a kū lōʻihi hoʻi e hoʻololi i ka wai i hoʻokahi manawa i ka pule, me ka nui o 25%. Lawe maikaʻi nā pahi kaua i kēia hana, no ka mea makemake lākou i ka wai maʻemaʻe.
I ka wai hou, ma muli o ka ʻike ʻole o ka aquarist, aia paha i kahi keu o ka chlorine, nā nitrates, nā nitrite o nā mea ʻē aʻe. He aha ke kumu o ka make ʻana o ka iʻa me nā ʻōuli o ke ʻano: ʻike ʻia ka mucus ma nā kaha gill, hū ka pahi kaua, lele i waho o ka wai a i ʻole, lilo i lethargic. Hiki ke hoʻoponopono ʻia ka hihia e kahi pani piha o ka wai.
Hoʻohālike aquarium
He iʻa ola nā poʻe pahi kaua. Noho pū lākou me nā ʻano iʻa pecilia āpau. ʻO ka pinepine ka poʻe pahi kaua a me nā guppy ka heluna nui o ka aquarium, no ka mea hānai iʻa novice. Ma waho aʻe o nā platyliids, hiki i nā mea kolohe ʻole āpau ke kaulike kokoke i ka poʻe pahi kaua.
I kekahi manawa hoʻopilikia ʻia ka mālie o ka ʻohana kāne kāne pahi kauaka mea i hoʻoholo e alakaʻi i ka hui. Hana kēia inā ʻaʻole lawa nā wahine. ʻO ke koena ma ka ʻaoʻao, nā kāne i loko o kahi naʻau kaumaha e ʻimi i ka puʻuhonua i waena o nā mea kanu wai. Makemake nui ʻia kā lākou nui i kahi iʻa e noho ai. ʻO nā pahi kaua he hoa aloha maikaʻi loa me kamomba, elodea a me nā poʻe noho lau ʻē aʻe o ka aquarium. Me kēia ʻōmaʻomaʻo hoʻokau pahi kaua hemolele.
ʻO ka hana hou a me ke ola o ke ola
He hiʻohiʻona hoihoi kā ka poʻe pahi kaua - maʻalahi lākou i ka hoʻonohonoho hou ʻana i ke kāne. ʻO kēia hanana kākaʻikahi - ka hoʻololi ʻana o kahi wahine i ke kāne - kapa ʻia ʻo protogyny. ʻO ka pinepine, ʻo nā kumu o ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa he kūlohelohe ia - kahi nele o nā iʻa kāne hana. I kekahi manawa ʻaʻohe mea maopopo e wehewehe i ka metamorphosis.
ʻO nā wahine o nā swordtails hiki mau i nā makahiki hānau me ka hoʻololi ʻole i ko lākou helehelena. Loaʻa lākou i ke kaupaona kūpono a ulu i kā lākou nui nui. Lilo lākou i wahine wahine piha. Hiki iā lākou ke lawe i nā keiki ma mua o hoʻokahi manawa. Ma lalo o ke kaomi o nā kūlana, hoʻomaka lākou e loli, lilo i kāne.
I kekahi manawa kū kēia metamorphosis kupanaha ke lawa nā kāne. Malia paha hoʻokumu ke kūlohelohe i kahi papahana i hoʻokumu ʻia ma mua o ka hānau ʻana o kēia kanaka. Eia hou, ua hoʻoponopono hou ʻia, ʻo ia ka wahine mua, ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o nā kāne pahi kaua kāne ʻē aʻe. No laila he ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma mua o ka poʻe hoʻokūkū i ke ola a me nā hua hānau.
Inā loaʻa nā metamorphoses o nā wahine i kahi ʻohana i hāʻawi ʻia ʻaʻole paha, pahi kaua hānau holo maikaʻi loa. Hoʻopuni mau nā kāne i nā wahine me ka nānā a mākaukau maoli lākou e hana hou i kēlā me kēia mahina. ʻO ka hana maʻamau no ka iʻa viviparous. ʻO ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i ka mākaukau o ka wahine e hānai he maʻalahi i ka helehelena.
Inā makemake ka aquarist e mālama pono i nā keiki, hoʻonoho ʻo ia i ka wahine i ka hana i loko o kahi aquarium e hanau keiki ana. Ma hope o ke kō ʻana, pahi kaua wahine hopu ʻia a hoʻi i ka hale maʻamau. ʻO ka ʻai e hoʻohuli ʻia i ka pahu ʻōpio. Ma hope o hoʻokahi mahina, hiki ke hiki ke hoʻoholo i ka moekolohe o nā pahi kaua. I ka piha ʻana o ʻeono mahina, ua mākaukau ka hanauna hou e hana hou.
Manaʻo ʻia nā pahi kaua iʻa viviparous. Akā ʻaʻole pēlā. Hoʻomaka ka embryos iʻa i ko lākou ola i ka hua manu. Akā ʻaʻole hana nā swordtails wahine i ke kaʻina hana. Noho ka caviar i loko o lākou. Hāʻawi kēia i kahi pale ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi no nā keiki e hiki mai ana ma mua o ka hānau keiki.
ʻAʻole pono nā pahi kaua e hana i nā haneli he nui o nā hua manu. Ua kaupalena ʻia lākou i hoʻokahi haneli mau poʻe noho aquarium e hiki mai ana. ʻO kēlā me kēia o lākou, ʻoiai i loko o ka ʻōpū, hānai i nā mea o ka pūpū e ulu ai lākou. ʻO 20 ka lōʻihi o ke kō ʻana o nā embryo. Ma hope o kēlā, haʻalele i nā kino kūʻokoʻa i ke kino o ko lākou makua a loaʻa kahi manawa e ola ai 3-5 mau makahiki.
No laila, ʻoi aku ka pololei o ke kāhea ʻana i nā pahi kaua ovoviviparous, a ʻaʻole i ka iʻa viviparous. Mālama kēia manaʻo naʻau kūlohelohe i ka mālama ʻana o nā laha i kahi kūlohelohe i piha i nā mea ʻaihue a aneane 100% ke ola o nā pahi kaua i nā aquarium, ke hāʻawi ʻia nā ʻōpio i ka manawa kūpono i ka pahu ʻōpio.
Kumukūʻai
Hiki ke kūʻai ʻia nā pahi kaua i nā ʻano kala a me nā ʻano fin ma nā hale kūʻai holoholona. ʻO ka mea i makemake nui ʻia ka mea nāna ka pahi kaua ʻulaʻula. He ʻano kahiko kēia o ke ʻano o ka aquarium. No kahi iʻa, noi nā mea kūʻai aku i nā hale kūʻai holoholona hānai kuni mai 50 a 100 rubles. ia kumu kūʻai o ka pahi kaua ua makua aʻe.
I nā ʻoihana kalepa maʻalahi a i ʻole nā kanaka pilikino, hoʻomaka ke kumukūʻai o nā pahi kaua ma 10 rubles. ʻO ke koho o ka loaʻa ʻana o nā mea lawe pahi kaua i kahi makana hiki. Hana kope koke kēia mau iʻa a hoʻopiha i nā wahi aquarium. Hoʻohui pinepine ʻia ka mea ʻona mālama me ka hana o ka lawe ʻana i nā pahi kaua kolohe ʻole i nā lima ʻē aʻe.
