ʻElima ʻoka ʻoka. Ka wehewehe, nā hiʻohiʻona, nā ʻano, ka nohona a me ka nohona o ka ʻāpā

Hōʻike a me nā hiʻohiʻona

ʻEtʻī ʻeleʻele He pepeke kolo nui i ʻike ʻia i nā kānaka no 350 mau makahiki. ʻO nā inoa ʻē aʻe no kēia laha ka hikina, ka wai, nā ipukukui humuhumu (ma muli o kā lākou makemake no nā wahi me kahi microclimate hou).

Nā ʻano

E ka hoʻonohonoho ʻōnaehana kakā ʻeleʻele nui no ka ʻohana Tarakanov. ʻO nā hoahānau pili loa i manaʻo ʻia he Prussians ʻulaʻula a me nā ʻāpā ʻAmelika, ʻo ke ʻano o ia ʻano like.

Auana

Ua uhi ʻia ke kino o ka ʻoka me kahi membrane chitinous ʻeleʻele (ʻeleʻele a ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele me kahi sheen), ka mea e pale ai iā ia mai ka hōʻino a me nā hoʻouka kaua ʻana o nā mea ʻino nui. ʻOi aku ka ikaika o kēia carapace ma mua o nā ʻohana ʻulaʻula.

Kākaʻikahi loa ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi ipo keʻokeʻo, ʻaʻole ia he albino (e like me ka manaʻo o nā mea he nui). I ko lākou ola lōʻihi, molt nā mākua a 6 mau manawa, e hoʻokahe ana i kā lākou leho. Ma hope o ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana, noho keʻokeʻo ka ʻāpā, akā ma loko o 4-6 mau hola e pouli a hoʻōla hou i kona kala i hala.

E like me nā lālā o ka ʻohana hanana o kahi ipukukui ʻeleʻele he mau ʻano ponoʻī kona, ʻo ia hoʻi:

• Hiki i ka nui o nā pepeke makua ke hiki i kahi lōʻihi o 3 cm. Eia nō naʻe, ma ke kūlohelohe he nui nā kūpuna nui me ka lōʻihi o ke kino o 5 cm.
• Ma ke kua o kēia laha he mau ʻeheu e hana i nā hana ʻokoʻa i nā lunamakaʻāinana o nā kāne like ʻole (ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o ka haʻi ʻana o nā kāne i nā ʻeheu a hoʻohana iā lākou no ka lele, ʻoiai e hoʻohana nā wahine iā lākou e hoʻowalewale i nā kāne i ka wā hānau).
• Ma ke poʻo o nā kūpikipiki aia nā antennae koʻikoʻi koʻikoʻi ke kuleana o ka honi. Me kā lākou kōkua, loaʻa i nā mea ʻino nā wai, nā meaʻai a me nā ʻohana no ka male ʻana. Inā nalowale a hōʻino ʻia paha kēia meaola, make paha ka ʻenekia.
• ʻO ke ʻano o nā maka o kēia manawa he ʻano helehelena, eia naʻe, ua ʻike ʻia ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka ʻike i nā kāne ma mua o nā wahine.
• Aia ka pahu i 10 mau ʻāpana a hoʻopau me nā lālā i hoʻoliʻiliʻi i kapa ʻia cerci.
• Aia nā ʻōnaehana hanu (stigmas) ma ka ʻōpū o nā kolo. Hāʻawi kēia hiʻohiʻona hanana i kahi ʻāpā i ʻokiʻoki ʻia e noho mau no kekahi mau lā.
• ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona hiʻohiʻona o nā ipo ʻeleʻele he mau wāwae pōkole, kahi e pili ai i ka holo wikiwiki (i ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana me nā Prussians, holo lohi lākou, a lele pinepine i ka hihia o kahi weliweli).
• Loaʻa i nā pālua wāwae ʻekolu i nā māiʻuʻu a me Velcro, e ʻae ana i ka neʻe ma luna o nā pā kaulike a me nā pale lole. ʻO ka maʻamau, ʻaʻole piʻi nā mākua i nā paia kū mālie, no ka mea he kaumaha nui lākou a hāʻule pinepine. Hiki i nā ʻōpio ke lanakila ma luna o nā piko.

ʻO kēia laha i kahi dimorphism moekolohe i haʻi maikaʻi ʻia, ʻike ʻia e ka maka ʻōlohelohe (ʻoiai ke noʻonoʻo ʻāpiki ʻeleʻele i ke kiʻi a i ʻole ola):

Nā hiʻohiʻona o ka hanana kūloko:

• ʻO ka lolo o ka ipo ʻeleʻele kahi pona nerve mai ia e hoʻonui ai nā hana i loko o ke kino.
• Nui nā keʻena o ka puʻuwai.
• I loko o ka hāmeʻa o ka waha o ka ʻaʻai, aia nā glands e hūnā i nā enzyme ke ʻai nei i ka meaʻai e wikiwiki ai ka digestion.
• Hoʻokomo ʻia ka ʻōnaehana digestive me nā valves chitinous mana a me nā bacteria e hiki ke ʻeli i ka pepa, ke kopa, ka lauoho, a me ka ʻili maoli.

Ka nohona a me ka nohona

Makemake nā ʻoka ʻeleʻele i nā keʻena anuanu, ʻūlū a pouli hoʻi (nā lumi lalo, nā hale wai, nā ʻūmū ma kahi o nā ipu ʻōpala) no ka mea he pō nui lākou a ʻaʻole hiki ke noho me ka ʻole o ka wai.

ʻAʻole hiki ke hālāwai me lākou i ke ao. ʻO ka ʻokoʻa kahi hōʻiliʻili nui o nā ʻōpala ʻōpio a me ka nele o ka nui o ka meaʻai e pono ai, kahi mea e pono ai ke nānā aku iā ia i ka lā kokoke i ka lua a me nā ipu me nā ʻōpala a me nā ʻōpala meaʻai.

ʻAe ka hoʻolālā kino pālahalaha iā lākou e peʻe i nā māwae o nā hale a me nā wahi hiki ʻole ke hele ʻia. ʻIke ʻia i loko o nā keʻena hale ke noho nei kēia ʻano pepeke ma ka hale lalo a me nā papahele 2-3 mua. ʻOka ʻeleʻele i loko o ke keʻena maʻa mau i nā wahi mehameha o nā lua a me nā lua, ma lalo o nā lumi kuke ma kahi o ka ipu wai a i ʻole ka ʻōpala.

Ma muli o nā peculiarities o ka metabolism, ʻaʻole hiki i nā longhorn ke noho i ka nāhelehele me kahi anuanu anuanu; no lākou, ua manaʻo ʻia kahi mahana ma lalo 0 kekelē koʻikoʻi. Ma nā mahana sub-zero, make koke nā ʻāpō.

I ka ʻoihana pilikino (home) ʻoka ʻoka peʻe lākou i nā lau nahele kahiko, nā kauhale, nā hale paʻa hale, a i ka wā e pōʻeleʻele ai lākou i waho o nā hale hoʻomalu a hele e ʻimi i nā meaʻai, komo i ka hale ma nā ala i aʻo mua ʻia.

ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona hoihoi i ka hiki ʻole i nā hoahānau ʻeleʻele a ʻulaʻula ke noho pū i ka ʻāina like. I nā wahi kahi i noho ai ka poʻe Prussians, ʻaʻole e kū mai nā kūleʻa hikina a ʻo ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe.

Hele pinepine nā kolo i nā wahi haumia a hāpai i ka nui o nā bacteria pathogenic ma ko lākou mau wāwae hoʻoluhi, ʻo ia ke kumu e hoʻopuka ai lākou i kahi ʻala maikaʻi ʻole a hiki ke weliweli i ke olakino kanaka.

Meaʻai kūpono

ʻO nā longhorn ʻeleʻele he omnivorous. ʻO nā meaʻai o nā kumu kūlohelohe, me ka mea kanu, kūpono i ke ola. ʻO nā huahana kūpona punahele ka palaoa palaoa, nā hua i koe a me nā mea kanu, ka waiū a me ka ʻōpala iʻa.

I ka wā wī, hiki i nā kolo ke hōʻike i ka cannibalism (ʻai i kā lākou mau hua iho a me nā hoa make). Eia nō naʻe, i ka nele loa o ka meaʻai kūpono, hiki i nā mākua ke kāpae i kā lākou metabolism, e ʻae ai iā lākou e noho i kahi hiamoe hiamoe a hiki i 60 mau lā. ʻOiai ʻo nā mea hiki ʻole ke ʻai ʻia i ka nānā mua ʻana e ʻai ʻia e nā ʻoka ʻeleʻele.

Hoʻopili kēia i ka pepa mānoanoa, nā kī kopa, ka pepa, nā huahana ʻili. Hoʻoholo ʻia kēlā moekolohe i ka meaʻai e nā kūlana ola o ka barbel a me ka nele o nā meaʻai kūpono. He mea nui ka wai no nā ʻāpiki ʻeleʻele, inu nui lākou, ʻo ia ke kumu i koho ai lākou i kahi puʻuhonua no lākou iho kokoke i kahi kumu o ka wai.

ʻO ka hana hou a me ke ola o ke ola

Hiki ke kapa ʻia nā ʻoka ʻeleʻele he kenekulia. Noho mau nā mākua no 2-3 mau makahiki, hiki iā lākou ke ola a 5 mau makahiki. He dioecious nā ʻano kakaka āpau, no ke ʻano o ke keiki, pono ʻelua mau kanaka.

No ke ola holoʻokoʻa o ka wahine, ua lawa ia e male me ke kāne i hoʻokahi manawa i mea e hānau pinepine ai i nā keiki, me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea i loaʻa i nā hua (gametes) no kekahi mau makahiki. ʻAʻole like ka nui o ka helu kope ʻana o nā ipo ʻeleʻele me nā ʻohana pili loa (Prusaks), akā naʻe, hiki i ka wahine ke hoʻomoe i nā hua mai 5 a 20 mau manawa i kona ola holoʻokoʻa.

Penei ke ʻano o ke kaʻina hānau.

• Lilo ka wahine i ke kāne a me nā kāne me ke kāne i ka makahiki 6-8.
• A laila, ma loko o 1-2.5 mau mahina, hoʻopuka ʻo ia i nā hua momona (a hiki i 20 mau hua), i pili pū a hana i kahi cocoon kūikawā (ooteca), a ka wahine e hāpai ai i ka ʻōpū.
• Kiola ʻia ka cocoon a ʻike ʻia nā nims mai hoʻokahi mahina ma hope (ʻo nā ʻōpio ʻōwili kahi kope liʻiliʻi a ko lākou mau mākua).
• Ulu nā Nymphs, hoʻoheheʻe a pouli i nā manawa he nui, e hoʻokahe ana i kā lākou iwi, a hiki i ka wā ʻōpio. I kēia wā, ʻaʻole e lawe hou ka wahine i ka ʻāpana a mālama ʻole i ka pua.

Kapa ʻia kēia ʻano hana kope ʻana he ovoviviparous a i ʻole he ʻano piha o ka hoʻomohala (ke ʻano o kēia ka ʻole o kahi pupa a i ʻole Larva pae).

Pehea e pakele ai

ʻO ka poʻe i hālāwai mua me nā ʻelekele i ko lākou mau home e nīnau mau i ka nīnau: “No hea mai nā ʻoka ʻeleʻele?»Aia paha he mau koho ʻē aʻe:

• kolo mai nā hoalauna a i ʻole mai ka hale i lalo, keu hoʻi i ka wā e hakakā ana nā kemika me nā mea kolo;
• lawe mai me nā mea mai nā hoaaloha, ʻohana a i ʻole mai kahi huakaʻi he wahine momona momona moekolohe;
• i koe mai nā konohiki hana hewa ʻole i hala;
• lawe mai lākou i kahi ooteka me nā hua manu mai ka puka komo i ka kāmaʻa.

Pehea e hoʻopau ai i nā ʻāpā ʻeleʻele - ʻelima mau hana i hōʻoia ʻia:

• Kāhea i nā loea i ka kaohi pest pest e mālama i nā wahi āpau kahi e noho ai nā ʻoka ʻeleʻele. ʻO kēia ala ka wikiwiki a me ka maikaʻi loa, akā koi ʻia i ka neʻe iki ʻana o nā lālā o ka ʻohana i nā hale ʻē aʻe, e like me nā holoholona.
• E hoʻomaʻalili nui i ka lumi no nā lā he nui (ʻae ʻia kēia hana i ka hoʻoilo ma nā mahana sub-zero a hemo wale nā ​​pepeke makua, akā ʻaʻole ia e pale aku i ka hatching ʻana o nā holoholona ʻōpio ma hope mai nā cocoons i waiho ʻia). No laila, pono ke kahe o ke ea anuanu no ka wā lōʻihi, kahi e koi ai i kahi loli i kahi o ka hale no nā home āpau a me nā mea kanu hale.
• Kūʻai i kahi insecticidal kūpono hoola no ka ʻāpā ʻeleʻele (ke kūʻai ʻana, pono ʻoe e hoʻolohe i nā ʻōkuhi, nā contraindications a hoʻopaʻa i ka ʻae ʻia o ka hoʻohana ʻana iā ia i loko o ka hale me nā holoholona a me nā keiki liʻiliʻi).

Nā ʻano o nā huahana ʻenehana:

• Aia nā hale hei (no nā mea kolo nui) i loko o ka maunu ʻona ʻono nāna e luku i nā kūpuna makua a me nā nymph.
• Hoʻohana maikaʻi loa nā gels i nā huahana kūmau semi-wai a ʻoluʻolu i kēlā me kēia ʻano pākī, ʻoiai he wai a me nā meaʻai i ka manawa like (i hui pū ʻia me nā mea ʻona).
• ʻO nā spray he mea hana maʻalahi ia no ka mālama ʻana i nā huhui insect ma nā kihi a me nā kahawai ʻiki, e luku koke ana i nā kānaka he ʻumi.
• Crayons a me nā pauka (dust) o ka hana hoʻopili (lawe ʻia ka lāʻau make ma nā wāwae o ka ʻoka a luku i nā pae āpau o ka hoʻomohala. Pili ka hopena i ka paʻa o nā ʻāpana hana, hāʻawi pinepine nā pauka i kahi hopena maikaʻi me kahi helu liʻiliʻi o nā ipo.
• E hoʻohana pono i nā ʻenehana hou:
• Ke hana nei kahi mea hoʻomaʻemaʻe ultrasonic i ke kumumanaʻo o ka hoʻopili ʻana i nā ʻōnaehana sensory o nā ʻoka ʻeleʻele (nā nalu māmā a me nā alapine kiʻekiʻe), pīhoihoi i ka ʻōnaehana hopohopo, kahi e hoʻoikaika ai iā lākou e haʻalele i kēia home.
• Hoʻopau ka pahele uila i nā mea kolo i hiki i ka maunu me ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana o kēia au. Pono lākou e hoʻouka i nā ʻāpana he nui, a me ka mea e kaohi i ke kiʻi ʻana iā lākou no nā holoholona (ʻoi loa nā rodents liʻiliʻi).
• E hoʻohana i nā hana ʻōiwi o ka paio:
• Nā kinipōpō waika Boric (ke ʻano hana e pono ai ka mākaukau). Hana ʻia kēia maunu mai nā huahana cockroach punahele i kāwili ʻia me ka waikawa boric pharmaceutical. ʻO kahi papa kaulana i ʻike ʻia no nā kinipōpō: e hoʻolapalapa i ka hua moa a me ka ʻuala, kāwili iā lākou me ka palaoa a me ka aila mea kanu, me ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka waikawa boric (e lawe maka ʻia nā māhele āpau). Mai ka hopena i loaʻa, hoʻoulu i nā pōpō liʻiliʻi i ka nui o kahi kernel hazelnut a hoʻonohonoho iā lākou i nā wahi kahi e ʻike pinepine ʻia ai nā malihini makemake ʻole ʻia. ʻAi maikaʻi ʻo Cockroaches i ka mālama, me ka nānā ʻole i ka mea lāʻau i loko, a i ka hopena make iā lākou. Palekana loa kēia huahana no nā holoholona.
• Ke wehe nei i nā lau bay ʻoluʻolu ʻole nā ​​ʻenekala i ke ʻala.
• Ke hana nei i nā pahele mai ka lepe pepa. Pili nā hale liʻiliʻi i ka ʻāpā a ʻaʻole hiki iā lākou ke hele i waho, make i ka pōloli.

ʻIkepili Hoihoi

Ma muli o ka ʻike ʻia o nā ʻoka ʻeleʻele i nā kānaka no nā kenekulia he 3 a ʻoi paha, ua ʻike ʻia nā manaʻo like ʻole a me nā ʻike ʻokoʻa e pili ana i kēia mau pepeke i nā manawa like ʻole. ʻO kahi laʻana, i ka wā kahiko, hūnā pinepine nā ʻāpā i hope o kahi kapuahi mehana, ʻo ia ke kumu i hoʻomaka ai lākou e kapa ʻia he "poʻe i hoʻomoʻa ʻia".

Aia kekahi moʻolelo e pili ana i ka helehelena o ka ʻeleʻele barbel i ka hale i hoʻohiki waiwai i nā mea nona, no laila ua hānai ʻia lākou a lawe pū ʻia me lākou ke neʻe nei i kahi hale hou. Hoʻomākaukau nā mea hoʻōla kahiko i kahi lāʻau hoʻōla mai nā cockroaches, i hoʻohana ʻia no nā maʻi digestive. Loaʻa iā ia i ke kālika a me nā kolo i hoʻomoʻa ʻia i ka aila.

Eia kekahi i ka lāʻau lapaʻau, ua hoʻohana ʻia ka tī mai nā kokolo maloʻo ma ke ʻano he diuretic. Hōʻike nā lāʻau lapaʻau o kēia manawa no ka ʻāpiki i kahi pākēneka nui o nā hopena maʻi ʻaʻai i nā kolo i waena o nā keiki ʻōpio e noho ana i nā kūlanakauhale nui (ma kahi o 45%)

I nā ʻāina ʻĀkia e like me Thailand, Kōlea Hema, Kambupila a me Vietnam, ʻike ʻia nā ʻokaʻaka he mea pono nui ia o nā kīʻaha aupuni he nui. ʻAi ʻia lākou i ka palai, ʻai a maloʻo, a hāʻawi ʻia i nā poʻe mākaʻikaʻi āpau e hoʻāʻo. Hoʻomaopopo ʻia ia ʻano mea ʻaʻaina e nā mea kiʻekiʻe o nā protein i loko o ke kino o nā kolo.

Ua ʻike nā kānaka ʻepekema entomologists, i loko o nā makahiki he mau makahiki o ke aʻo ʻana i nā ʻano mea like ʻole, i kahi mea hoihoi i pili ʻole nā ​​ʻāpā e ka radiation, ma muli o ka lohi o kā lākou hana olaola.

Wahi a nā ʻeli ākea, ua ʻike ʻia nā kūpuna i ka wā o nā dinosaur a hiki i nā nui o 50 cm ka lōʻihi a me nā mea hou aʻe. Hōʻoia nā ʻikepili o kēia au i kekahi mea ʻē aʻe - hiki i ka ʻāpā ke ʻike i ke ʻano o ka ua nui, ʻo ia ke kumu e wikiwiki ai lākou e peʻe a hiki i ka pō.

Hoʻohui pili ʻole ʻia ke ola o nā ipukukui me ke ola o ke kanaka, ʻo ia ke kumu i loaʻa pinepine ai nā hihia o nā hiʻohiʻona o nā moemoeā me ke komo pū ʻana o kēia mau mea kolo. E hoʻomaopopo ʻO ka mea e moemoeā ai nā ʻāpā ʻeleʻele e nānā i nā puke unuhi loea.

ʻO ka hapa nui, ʻo ia mau moeʻuhane e hōʻike nei i nā hanana hauʻoli, kūleʻa i ka ʻoihana a me ke olakino (ʻoiai inā he nui nā kolo, a hoʻouka lākou i kahi kanaka).

ʻO kahi moemoeā me ke komo pū ʻana o nā kūpuna nunui hiki ke lilo i ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo no nā mea hiki ke hoʻopīhoihoi i nā ʻohana koʻikoʻi a i ʻole nā ​​hoa aloha Akā inā i kū kahi moʻo keʻokeʻo i ka moeʻuhane, pono ʻoe e manaʻo i ka pilikia.

E nānā i ka wikiō: Poliʻahu I ke kapu - Hāwane (Nowemapa 2024).