ʻO Marsh harrier - kahi manu lele i laha ma Eurasia. ʻO kona inoa he kumu Slavic maʻamau. Hiki ke unuhi ʻia i ka ʻōlelo o kēia ao me he pōā. Nā inoa synonymous: reed harrier, marsh hawk, marsh kite, mousewort.
Hōʻike a me nā hiʻohiʻona
ʻO nā ʻano manuahi ʻelima he 5 ma ka ʻāina o Rukia. ʻO ka mea nui o lākou ka marsh harrier a i ʻole ka reed harrier. E like me ka nui o nā manu lele, he ʻano hiehie kona helehelena. Liʻiliʻi ke poʻo. Noho nā maka i kahi ʻāpana nui o ia.
No nā manu, ʻo nā manu ʻiʻo, ka hihiʻo ke ʻano nui. I ka mea lawe hawai, ʻoi ʻo ia, e ʻae iā ʻoe e ʻike i kahi ʻiole liʻiliʻi a i ʻole manu liʻiliʻi i kahi mamao o 1 km. Hoʻomaopopo ka wahi o nā maka i ka ʻano binocular o ka hihiʻo. Akā ʻākiki ka kihi o ka ʻike binocular.
Uhi ka maka o ka Marsh Harrier i ke kihi o 150 - 170 kekelē. Hoʻopili ʻia ka ʻike Binocular o nā mea i kahi ʻāpana o 30 kekelē. ʻO ia, i mea e ʻike ai i nā mea o ka ʻaoʻao i ka leo, e huli ka manu i kona poʻo.
Ma waho o ka acuity ʻike maka, loaʻa kahi hiʻohiʻona o ka swamp harriers i loko o ka hapa nui o nā manu lele. Hoʻomaopopo ʻokoʻa lākou i waena o nā mea neʻe wikiwiki. No ke kanaka, hoʻopili ka blinking o ke kukui 50 hertz i kahi kukui mau. ʻIke ka hihiʻo o ka swamp harrier i kahi uila ʻokoʻa.
ʻO ka nele o ka inertia o ka hihiʻo e kōkua i ka mea hulu manu e hoʻokaʻawale i ke ʻano o kahi pahu hopu wikiwiki. Me ka alualu wikiwiki ʻana i kahi pio, hawk a i ʻole harrier, mahalo i kēia waiwai, pale i nā hoʻokuʻi me nā mea keʻakeʻa.
ʻO ka waiwai kupaianaha loa o nā maka o ka Marsh Harrier a me nā manu neʻe ʻē aʻe o ka hiki ke ʻike i ka māno honua o ka Honua. ʻO kahi hoʻokele kūlohelohe i kūkulu ʻia i nā maka e alakaʻi i nā manu ma ke ala neʻe.
Aia nā pepeiao ma kahi kokoke i nā maka o ka Marsh Harrier. Maoli, ʻaʻole ʻike ʻia lākou, no ka mea ʻaʻohe pepeiao o nā manu. ʻO ke koena o nā mea kōkua pepeiao e like me ka mea mammal.
Aia kahi puka pepeiao i uhi ʻia me ka hulu ma ke poʻo. No loko mai ka canal pepeiao. Ma o ia e hiki mai ai ke kani i ka pepeiao o loko. Ka mea, i waena o nā mea ʻē aʻe, hana i nā hana vestibular.
I ka mea hānai, hulu e uhi ana i ka hamo hoʻolohe e hana ma ke ʻano he kānana. Ma ka hoʻoneʻe ʻana i ka ʻili ma ke poʻo, hoʻololi ka manu i ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana o nā hulu, kahi e hūnā ʻia ai ka puka o ka pepeiao. Hū a hoʻonui paha kēia i nā leo o ke alapine kikoʻī. Kōkua kēia i ka lohe ʻana i ka mea pio ma o ka walaʻau o ka ʻohe.
ʻAʻohe pepeiao o ka Marsh Harrier, akā he nuku kahi hawk kona. ʻOi aku ka nui ma mua o nā mea hana ʻē aʻe, aia ma kahi o 2 cm ka lōʻihi. ʻEleʻele, lou ʻia. Aia nā puka ihu ma ke kumu o ka nuku. He ʻāpana lākou o ka ʻōnaehana hanu.
Loaʻa nā pilau i ka ea i loko o ke alo i nā puka ihu. Kū aʻe nā paʻakikī me kā lākou hoʻoholo paʻa ʻana i nā mea pale a me nā manu ʻē aʻe. Aia nā pūnaewele receptor ʻala i loko o ka lua ihu, akā hana maikaʻi ʻole ʻia lākou. ʻAʻole maikaʻi ka like no ka wehewehe o ka ʻono.
ʻAʻole ʻo Marsh Harrier kahi mea ʻai a ʻaneʻane ʻaʻohe honi. Akā ʻo ka hihiʻo, ka hoʻolohe ʻana, ka anatomy o ke kino, nā hulu i ʻōlelo pēlā pākī hānō akamai, poʻokela.
ʻO ke kāne makua he 400-600 g. ʻO ka wahine, e like me nā manawa pinepine me nā manu o nā mea pio, ʻoi aku ka mana ma mua o ke kāne, kaupaona mai 600 a 850 g. Hiki i ke kāne kāne ke pālahalaha i kona mau ʻeheu mai 100 a 130 cm. Hoʻolahalaha ka wahine i kona mau ʻeheu e 120-145 cm.
ʻO ka dorsal, ka ʻaoʻao luna o ke kāne e pena ʻia i brown. Ma ke poʻo a me ka ʻāʻī, hoʻoponopono i nā kihi o ka hulu me kahi paka, leo melemele. ʻO nā hulu i ka hiʻu o luna a me nā ʻeheu i kāwele ʻia me nā kani uahi hina. ʻO ka ventral, ʻāpana ventral o ke kino e pala me ka yellowness.
ʻO Swamp Harrier Wahine ʻokoʻa loa i ke kāne. Kala me ka ʻokoʻa iki. Hinahina kona poʻo, me nā kaha melemele-ʻeleʻele ma kona umauma. ʻAʻole lawe koke nā mea pale ʻōpio i ke kala o nā manu makua. E hana ai i kēia, pono lākou e hele ma waena o nā molts.
Nā ʻano
Hoʻokomo ʻia ʻo Marsh Harrier i loko o ka mea hoʻohālikelike olaola ma lalo o ka inoa Circus aeruginosus. No ka ʻohana nui o nā hawks ka manu a hui pū ʻia me nā mea pale ʻē aʻe i ka genus Circus. Hoʻopili nā Ornithologists i nā ʻano he 18 i loko o ka genus, a ua luku ʻia nā ʻano mokupuni 2.
- ʻO Circus aeruginosus ka manu maʻa mau o kēia genus - ka marsh harrier maʻamau.
- Circus assimilis - noho ma Australia a me Indonesia. Hoʻokomo ʻia nā hulu e like me ka pueo. Ma muli o nā mea ʻano ʻē o ke kala, ua kapa ʻia ʻo ia ka spotted harrier. Loaʻa i ke kala makua makua i ka makahiki ʻelua o ke ola.
- Circus approximans - kapa ʻia kēia manu: Australian swamp harrier, New Zealand harrier. Hoʻolahalaha ʻia ma ka pae ʻelima a ma Nūhōlani a puni. Me kahi palani ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele a me kahi piko ʻēheu hina hina. ʻAukekulia swamp harrier i ka lele ʻana - kahi manu nani loa.
- Circus buffoni. ʻO ka inoa maʻamau no kēia manu ka mea lawe ʻēheu lōʻihi. Nā lāhui maʻAmelika Hema. ʻO nā plumage lōʻihi ma nā ʻeheu a me ka huelo e kōkua i ka lele nui ʻana i ka ʻimi ʻana i ka meaʻai.
- ʻO Circus cyaneus kahi māla māla ʻo Eurasia. I ka ʻākau, ua pau ka ʻāina o ka pūnana a me ka ʻimi holoholona ma ka pōʻai ʻo Arctic, ma ka hikina a hiki i Kamchatka, ma ka hema komo pū ʻo Mongolia a me Kazakhstan, ma ke komohana ua kaupalena ʻia e nā Alps Farani.
- ʻO Circus cinereus kahi mea hina hina hina ʻAmelika Hema. ʻO nā palena o ka wahi i hoʻonui ʻia mai Colombia a Tierra del Fuego.
- Circus macrosceles - Malaka a i ʻole Madagascar Marsh Harrier. Loaʻa ma Madagascar a me nā Kōmike.
- Circus macrourus - Pale a i ʻole Steppe Harrier. Noho ʻo Russia i ka hema, ʻo Kazakhstan, ʻo Mongolia, nā hoʻoilo ma India, ma ka hema o ʻApelika.
- ʻO Circus maurus kahi mea lawe ʻeleʻele ʻApelika. Nā lāhui ma Botswana, Namibia a me nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe o ʻApelika Hema. ʻO kahi manu me nā ʻeheu pelu e ʻano ʻane ʻeleʻele. I ka lele ʻana, ʻike ʻia nā wēlau keʻokeʻo o ka hulu. Lawe ke kala laulā i kahi nānā nani akā kanikau.
- Ua kapa ʻia ʻo Circus maillardi ma hope o kona wahi noho: Reunion Marsh Harrier. Hopena i ka Mokupuni ʻo Reunion.
- Circus melanoleucos - Asian piebald harrier. Nā hānau ma Transbaikalia a me Amur Region, kū i Mongolia a me Kina. Nā Winters ma ka Hikina Hema ʻo Asia.
- ʻO Circus pygargus kahi mea lawe i ka nāhelehele Eurasia. Huhū a ʻūnana ia ma waena o ʻEulopa, Siberia a me Kazakhstan. ʻO Winters ma India a me ʻApelika hikina.
- Circus spilonotus - Hikina Hikina a i ʻole mea hoʻouluulu hikina... Ma mua i manaʻo ʻia he subspecies o ka marsh harrier maʻamau. Nā lāhui ma Siberia, mai ka Urals a i ka Lake Baikal. Loaʻa ma Mongolia a me Kina ʻākau. Noho kahi poʻe liʻiliʻi ma nā mokupuni Kepani.
- Circus ranivorus - nā lāhui a me nā hoʻoilo ma ka hema a me ka waena o ʻApelika. Hāpai ʻia ka inoa e kūlike i kona pae - hawk swamp hawk.
- Circus spilothorax - New Guinea Harrier. Fragmented ma Nūkini Hou. Ua ʻike ʻia kekahi mau kānaka ma Australia.
- Loaʻa i ka genus ʻelua mau mea make: Circus eylesi a me dossenus. Loaʻa nā koena o ka mea mua ma Nūhōlani. Ua noho ka lua o ka lā ma Hawaiʻi.
Ka nohona a me ka nohona
I ka hoʻoilo, kū hau nā mākū, nā liʻiliʻi a me nā moa wai i ka hema. ʻO kēia paha ke kumu ʻaumakua — manu neʻe ʻāina. ʻO ka hoʻoilo ka hikina i Hindustan. ʻO nā manu e pūnana ana ma ka ʻākau a me ka mahana o nā latitude ʻEulopa e neʻe i nā tropika ʻApelika. Lele ʻo Marsh Harriers mai Western a me ʻEulopa ʻEulopa i ʻApelika Hema, i ka moku ʻo Zambia a me Mozambique.
I Sepania, Turkey, nā ʻāina ʻo Maghreb, aia nā lehulehu e noho ana ma kahi noho. Pili ko lākou pae i ka moana Kai. ʻAe ke ʻano o ka nohona a me ke aniau i kēia mau manu e haʻalele i ka neʻe o ke kau. ʻAʻole nui ka nui o nā manu noho, ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku ma mua o 1% o ka nui o nā mea āpau āpau.
Hoʻomaka ka lele hoʻoilo i ka hāʻule, i Kepakemapa-ʻOkakopa. Hana wale ʻia. ʻO Hawkbirds ma ka laulā, a me Marsh Harriers ma kahi kikoʻī, ʻaʻole lākou he ʻano hipa. ʻO ka hui kaiaulu wale nō e hana ai nā loonies ka wahine. Aia kekahi mau mea mua i ka wā o ka hui ʻana o kahi kāne a me kahi wahine i ola no kekahi mau makahiki. Akā maʻamau maʻamau ka launa ʻana o ka wahine no hoʻokahi kau.
I nā wahi lūlū a me ka hoʻoilo o ka harrier, koho lākou i kahi o kahi ʻano like. Makemake lākou i nā wahi pohō, nā wai i hoʻopiha ʻia, a me nā kahawai wai. ʻO ka manawa pinepine kēia mau māla mahiʻai e pili kokoke ana i nā kahawai a i ʻole nā loko ʻē. Hōʻoiaʻiʻo ʻo Looney i kekahi o ko lākou inoa: ʻāpana lākou i nā mānoanoa ʻohe.
Meaʻai kūpono
He mea kupaianaha ka lele ʻana o ka lawaiʻa holoholona. He mea haʻahaʻa kēia ma luna o nā ʻeheu e hana ana i kahi ʻano pāpaʻu. I ka manawa like, kau pinepine nā wāwae o ka manu i lalo. ʻO ia, hōʻike ʻia ka mākaukau piha i ka hoʻouka ʻana. ʻO kēia kaila lele e ʻae iā ʻoe e iho koke a ʻohi i nā mea pio mai ka papa o ka wai a i ʻole ka ʻāina. He papa inoa kokoke he aha ka mea e ʻai ai ka mea hoʻopāpā:
- ʻanakē a me nā pua ʻē aʻe,
- iʻa liʻiliʻi a me nā manu,
- 'ilikai, ka hapanui muskrats ʻōpio,
- nā mea kolo, nā amphibians.
ʻO Marsh Harriers, keu hoʻi i ka wā hānai, e hoʻāʻo e hoʻouka i nā moa wai makua. ʻAʻole kūleʻa kēia mau hoʻāʻo. Aia wale a maʻi a ʻeha paha kahi ʻāʻī a pika paha. Pale aku nā manu i loko o ke kolone iā lākou iho a mai hoʻokuʻu i nā mea pale a me nā manu ʻē aʻe e hoʻokokoke.
ʻO ka hana hou a me ke ola o ke ola
Ua hoʻi ʻo Marsh Harriers i ko lākou wahi pūnaewele i ʻApelila. ʻO nā lā mua i ola hou ma hope o ka lele - ke hānai nei lākou. Inā ʻaʻole i hana ʻia kahi pālua i ka wā hoʻoilo, hana ʻia kahi hui manu hou i kēia manawa.
Hōʻike nā kāne i ka hopena i nā mea o ka lawena moena. Manu lele lele lele. ʻO Marsh Harrier ma ke kiʻi paʻa pinepine i ka hana ʻana i nā neʻe acrobatic lewa.
Maliʻa paha, i ke kaʻina hana o kēia mau lele ʻana, ʻaʻole hōʻike ʻia nā manaʻo wale nō, akā manaʻo ʻia nō hoʻi pehea ke koho ʻia ʻana o ka ʻāina no ke kūkulu ʻana i hale. Ma hope o ka lewa ʻana o ka lewa, hiki i ka manawa e hana i kahi pūnana.
Aia ka pūnaewele pūnana punahele o ka Marsh Harrier i loko o nā nāhelehele ʻohe, i kahi wahi pohopoho hiki ʻole ke komo ʻia. Kūkulu hou ʻo Swamp Harriers i ko lākou wahi hoʻomoe keiki i kēlā me kēia kau. Akā ʻaʻole lākou e neʻe aku mai kā lākou mau ʻāina ʻike. Hoʻokumu ʻia lākou ma nā wahi like i kēlā me kēia makahiki.
ʻO ka hana nui e kūkulu i ka pūnana e hana ʻia e ka wahine. Hoʻokani ke kāne i kahi hana kākoʻo. Lawe i nā mea kūkulu hale, hānai i ka wahine. Kūkulu nā ʻohe a me nā lālā i kahi o ka puni o 0.8 m ke anawaena a me 0.2 m ke kiʻekiʻe. Hahi ʻia kahi kaumaha i waenakonu o ka pūnaewele, uhi ʻia kona lalo me nā mea kanu palupalu a mānoanoa.
He ʻelua mau hana a ke kumu. ʻO ka palekana o ka masonry, ka hūnā ʻana o ka pūnana i kēia. Hiki ʻole ke komo i ka pūnana o nā manu makua. ʻO ia, ka loaʻa ʻole o nā kumulāʻau, nā mea kanu kiʻekiʻe loa, kahi, i ka wā e hoʻokipa ai, hiki ke hoʻopilikia i ka lawe a pae ʻana o ka mahina.
Ke kokoke nei kekahi mau Marsh Harriers e kūkulu i ka pūnana a hana i ke kau ʻana, ke ʻimi nei kekahi i kahi hoa. ʻO ke kaʻina hana o ka pālua ʻana, ke kūkulu ʻana i kahi pūnana a me ka hana ʻana i ka masonry ma kahi o hoʻokahi mahina, mai ʻApelila a Mei.
I ka hopena o ʻApelila, me ka lōʻihi o ka puna i Mei, hana ka wahine i kahi hua o 4-5 mau hua i ʻaneʻane keʻokeʻo me nā kiko ʻeleʻele. Hiki ke ʻoi aku ka nui a liʻiliʻi paha i nā paʻa lima. ʻO ka wahine wale nō ma ka pūnana. Hānai ke kāne iā ia, hana i nā huakaʻi ʻai maʻamau. I ka pō e kau ana ma kahi mamao aku mai ka pūnana ma kahi lipine ʻohe.
Ma hope o 20 mau lā, ninini ka hānau mua i ka pūpū. Hatch ke koena o nā moa me nā kahamaha pōkole. ʻAʻohe o lākou kōkua, uhi ʻia i ka hina hina i lalo. ʻO ke kaupaona mua he 40-50 g, ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku ka hope ma kahi o 30 g.
ʻO nā lā mua he 10-15 o nā moa a hānai ʻia ka wahine e ka mea lawe kāne wale nō. Ma hope o kēlā, hoʻomaka ka wahine e haʻalele i ka pūnana e ʻimi i ka meaʻai. No ka hānai ʻana i nā moa, lele nā manu ʻelua e ʻimi i kahi pio, i kekahi manawa neʻe 5-8 km mai ka pūnana.
Ma ka hopena o Iune, hoʻomaka e kupu mai nā moa. A hiki i ka hopena o Iulai, hānai nā mākua i kā lākou keiki. Nānā a alualu nā ʻōpio ʻōpio i nā manu makua, lawe i ke kuamoʻo o kahi moa nonoi, a noi hope loa i ka meaʻai. Hoʻomaka e wehe nā Broods i ʻAukake. I ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka hāʻule, hoʻopau ke kaʻina hanau a me ka hānai ʻana i nā mea pale i ke kahawai.
I ke kau hālau, i ka hoʻomaka o Kepakemapa, hoʻomaka ʻo Loonies i ko lākou neʻe ʻana i ka hāʻule. Noho mālie nā manu ʻōpio noho kaʻawale no kekahi manawa. He 12 - 15 mau makahiki ma mua o lākou (ʻo kēia ka lōʻihi o ke ola ʻana o nā kahawai.
I ka nīnau “swamp harrier i loko o ka puke ʻulaʻula ʻaʻole paha"maikaʻi ʻole ka pane. Hoʻokaʻawale like ʻia nā manu ma kahi o ka pae. He paʻakikī e helu i ka helu holoʻokoʻa, akā ʻaʻole hoʻoweliweli ka nalo ʻana o nā mea pale.
