ʻO Lynx kahi ʻano o nā holoholona o ka papa māmela, felines, subfamily pōpoki liʻiliʻi, kauoha predatory. Hōʻike kēia ʻatikala i nā ʻano o kēia genus, nā hiʻohiʻona o ka nohona, ka nohona, ke ola o ke ola a me ka meaʻai.
Hōʻike a me nā hiʻohiʻona
ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona hiwahiwa o ka lynx kahi ʻoki pōkole me ka wēlau ʻeleʻele (lynx ʻulaʻula me ke keʻokeʻo), nā lauoho lauoho i nā pepeiao o kahi ʻano triangular, nā lauoho lōʻihi e pili ana i ka waha a me nā hulu ʻike. ʻIke ʻia kēia pōpoki predatory ma Eurasia a me ʻAmelika Hema, ma muli o ka heluna ʻāina, ʻokoʻa ka helehelena a me ka nui.
ʻO ka lunamakaʻāinana nui loa - lynx maʻamau, ʻo ka lōʻihi o ke kino i hiki i 80 - 130 cm (ke ʻole ka lōʻihi o ka huelo), a me ke kaupaona 8 - 36 kg. ʻO ka lāhui liʻiliʻi ka lynx ʻulaʻula: lōʻihi - mai 47.5 a 105 cm a me ke kaupaona mai 4 a 18 kg. No ka dimorphism moekolohe, kau ia i ka nui - ʻoi aku ka nui o nā kāne ma mua o nā wahine.
He poʻo pōkole ko ka holoholona, akā ākea, me nā iwi ihu nui. He pōpoki kēia me nā maka ʻōniʻoniʻo oval nui, poepoe nā haumāna. Ma nā kūkulu kū, kuli pepeiao, ʻike ʻia nā ʻāpana ʻeleʻele o ka hulu hipa, a hiki i ka 4 cm ka lōʻihi.
ʻOiai ka liʻiliʻi o ka iwi ā, paʻa ka lynx. Ma luna o ka lehelehe luna paʻakikī a lōʻihi vibrissae. Ulu ka lauoho i ka maka i ke ʻano ke nānā aku me he ʻumiʻumi ʻumiʻumi a "sideburns". He 30 mau niho ma ka waha o ka māmala, ʻo kekahi o ia mau canine ʻoi loa a lōʻihi hoʻi.
ʻO ke kino o ka holoholona, ʻoiai pōkole, muscular, me nā lālā lōʻihi a ikaika hoʻi. ʻO ka mea e hoʻoliʻiliʻi ai, ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku ka pōkole o nā wāwae mua ma mua o nā wāwae hope. Ua loaʻa nā lynx ākea o ka ʻĀkau i nā pākea ākea, i hoʻonui nui ʻia me ka hulu hipa, kahi e kōkua iā lākou e neʻe i ka hau.
ʻO nā wāwae o mua he 4 mau manamana wāwae, nā wāwae hope - 5 pākahi (1 hoʻemi ʻia). Holoholona Lynx digitalis, me nā māiʻuʻu ʻoi, retractable a kōwili. Hiki i kēia ʻano pōpoki ke piʻi i nā kumulāʻau me ka ʻole o nā pilikia, neʻe i kahi hele wāwae a i ʻole trot (hiki iā lākou, akā ʻaʻole hiki ke lele i kahi lōʻihi o 3.5 - 4 m). Uhi koke lākou i kahi mamao, e piʻi ana i ka wikiwiki a i 64 km / h. Hiki iā lākou ke kū i nā hoʻololi lōʻihi a hiki ke ʻauʻau.
ʻO ke kumu o ka neʻe ʻana he "track in track", ʻo ia hoʻi, hehi nā wāwae hope i nā ala o nā mea mua. He huelo liʻiliʻi ko Lynxes, a me nā lōʻihi ʻokoʻa, kaukaʻi ʻia i nā ʻano - mai 5 a 30 cm. No nā pōpoki hihiu ka lynx e ʻumeʻume me ko lākou nani.
I ka hoʻoilo, hoʻomehana ʻia ko lākou kino e ka lole mānoanoa a palupalu hoʻi. Hiki ke ʻokoʻa i nā kala: mai ka pale-smoky a i ka ʻulaʻulaʻula (ʻokoʻa ka ikaika o ka ʻike ʻana). I ka ʻaoʻao haʻahaʻa o ke kino, māmā ke kala i ka waihoʻoluʻu. Wā hoʻoulu: kau a me ka puna.
ʻO ka lynx subfamily he mau pōpoki liʻiliʻi, ʻo ka mea like ʻole ʻaʻole hiki iā lākou ke kani nui, ʻoiai paʻakikī loa kā lākou iwi hyoid. Eia nō naʻe, ʻāʻuhū kēia mau holoholona, meow, purr a hoʻokuʻu i nā kani kiʻekiʻe e like me ka halulu o ka bea.
ʻIke ʻia nā ʻike hoihoi he nui e pili ana i ka lynx:
- i kekahi manawa hiki i ka holoholona ke hūnā i ka ʻiʻo a hoʻi ʻole iā ia;
- ʻo ke ʻano o nā pepeiao e ʻae i nā pōpoki e hopu i nā kani liʻiliʻi, a hiki i ka hanu ʻana o ke kanaka;
- ke kiʻekiʻena lele lele - 6 m;
- hiki i ka lāhui Eurasia ke noho i nā mahana o -55 kekelē Celsius;
- ʻaʻole ʻae ka lynx i nā ʻalopeke. E like me ka ʻōlelo a ka poʻe ʻimi holoholona, pili kēia i ka makemake o nā ʻalopeke e ʻahaʻaina i kā haʻi mea pio. E hoʻokuʻu ka pōpoki i ka ʻaihue e hoʻokokoke aku, a laila e holo wikiwiki iā ia a haʻalele iā ia i ka lanakila;
- hana nā palaki ma nā pepeiao e like me ke ʻano antenna, e hoʻonui ana i ka hōʻailona kani.
ʻOiai nā nani o waho a pau, he mea weliweli ia ka lynx. Ke emi nei kāna helu, no laila ua helu ʻia nā lunamakaʻāinana i loko o ka Red Book. Ma ke ala, ʻaʻole hoʻouka ka pōpoki i kahi kanaka ma mua, e hoʻāʻo ana e pakele i ka weliweli.
Nā ʻano
He māmele ʻo Lynx, ʻo ia kekahi o nā ʻano:
Lynx maʻamau. ʻO kēia ʻano ka mea maʻamau. Hōʻike ʻia ka hapa nui o ka wehewehe ʻana o nā holoholona ma luna. I kēia manawa, ʻo Siberia kahi wahi no kahi kokoke i 90% o kēia ʻano.
Lynx Kanada. Wahi a kekahi poʻe zoologists, he ʻāpana ia o ka lynx ʻEulopa. E like me ka inoa e hōʻike nei, ʻo ka wahi noho ʻo Canada ia, ʻoiai loaʻa ka pōpoki i nā moku ʻākau o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, e laʻa me Montana a me Idaho. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka lynx maʻamau, he kino liʻiliʻi ko ka lynx Kanada - mai 48 a 56 cm ka lōʻihi. He ʻokoʻa hoʻi ke kala o ka lole - hina-ʻeleʻele.
Iberian lynx. ʻO Habitat - komohana hema o Sepania. ʻO ia ka laha liʻiliʻi loa i loaʻa i kēia manawa ma ka Cooto de Doñana National Park. E hoʻomaopopo i ka helu ʻia ʻana o ka ʻohana holoʻokoʻa lynxes i loko o ka Buke Ulaula... No ka ʻano Pyrenean, aia ma kahi o 100 o kēia mau pōpoki i koe, a i kēia manawa ke hana ʻia nei nā ana kūpono e mālama ai i ko lākou lehulehu.
Hoʻohālikelike ʻia i ka lynx maʻamau, loaʻa i ka Pyrenean kahi pale māmā o ka pale, me nā kiko i haʻi ʻia, a he ʻano leopadi ke ʻano. Feature - hoʻoliʻiliʻi ka hulu o ka holoholona i ka nui me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o nā mahina hoʻoilo.
ʻO kēia mau pōpoki ma kahi o 50 cm ke kiʻekiʻe, 80 a 90 cm ka lōʻihi, a kaupaona 12 a 22 kg. ʻO kahi ʻokoʻa ʻokoʻa i ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana me nā lālani ʻEulopa ʻo ka ʻiwi a ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi. Mahalo i kēia hiʻohiʻona hanana, weliweli loa ka nahu o kahi predator.
ʻO Red Lynx. Kahi Noho - USA. ʻIke: kapa - ʻulaʻula-ʻulaʻula, me nā komo hina, ʻo ka ʻaoʻao i loko o ka huelo i hōʻailona ʻia me ke keʻokeʻo (i nā ʻano ʻē aʻe ʻeleʻele kēia wahi). ʻOi aku ka liʻiliʻi ma mua o ka lynx maʻamau, ke kaupaona ʻia 6 - 11 kg. Ma ke ala, i waena o kēia ʻano he lynxes - melanists, nona ka ʻeleʻele e ʻeleʻele loa. Kāhea ʻia kēia mau pōpoki i nā panther. Hiki ke ʻike ʻia ka holoholona e kona mau wāwae lōʻihi a nui hoʻi.
Loaʻa kēia ʻano i nā wahi he nui:
- nā ululāʻau subtropical;
- na waoakua wela;
- wahi pohō;
- nā kuahiwi.
I kekahi manawa hiki ke loaʻa ka lynx ʻulaʻula ma nā kauhale. Inā ʻike ka holoholona i kahi hoʻoweliweli, e hoʻāʻo ʻo ia e pakele ma ka hūnā ʻana i kahi lāʻau, kahi e maʻalahi ai nona. Makemake ka pōpoki i kēlā mau wahi noho kahi ʻaʻohe hau. ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo ʻaʻole i hoʻokumu ʻia kāna paws e neʻe ma luna o ka hau.
Liberia Siberia. Nui nā felines o kēia ʻano, eia naʻe, ʻike ʻia ʻo Siberian wale nō ma ka ʻāina o ka Russian Federation - pēlā lynx i ke kiʻi kamaʻāina loa. Eia naʻe, ma muli o ka hopena o ka hana a ke kanaka, ua emi nui ka heluna o ka pōpoki.
Mahalo i ke ʻano kū hoʻokahi, manaʻo nui lākou i ke aniau paʻakikī. Ma waho aʻe o ka hiki ke piʻi i nā kumulāʻau, holo wikiwiki ʻo Siberian lynxes, ʻauʻau maikaʻi, lele lele loa a kiʻekiʻe. ʻO nā ululāʻau Coniferous kahi e loaʻa pinepine ai kēia ʻano, ʻoiai i kekahi manawa neʻe nā pōpoki i nā steppes ulu lāʻau.
Ka nohona a me ka nohona
ʻOiai he kakaikahi kēia mau holoholona i kēia manawa, alakaʻi lākou i kahi nohona huna hūnā. No laila, ʻuʻuku ka manawa e ʻike ai iā ia i ka nahelehele. ʻOiai me ka ʻiʻini nui, ʻaʻole maʻalahi ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi pōpoki, ʻoiai makemake ʻo ia i kēlā mau kākoʻo ʻaʻole maʻalahi e kiʻi. ʻO kahi laʻana, hiki i kahi ʻino makani kahiko i littered a i ʻole kahi ulu lāʻau Taiga ʻeleʻele me ka ulu nui o nā kumulāʻau coniferous.
Eia nō naʻe, aia kahi manawa e hui ai me kahi lynx i kahi ulu lāʻau ʻōpio. ʻAʻole hoʻouka ka predator i kahi kanaka, makemake e pale i ka hālāwai. Hiki i ka holoholona ke hoʻomaopopo i ke alo o kahi kanaka ma kahi mamao o kekahi mau haneli mau mika, a ma hope e hoʻomaka me ka hāmau e haʻalele, ke kū nei i kekahi manawa e hoʻolohe.
Inā pololi loa ka lynx, komo paha ia i ke kūlanakauhale, kahi e hoʻouka ai i kahi ʻīlio a i ʻole pōpoki. ʻAʻole hiki ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia kahi ʻīlio kahu hipa makua i ka ikaika me kahi predator. Eia nō naʻe, ʻike ʻia kekahi mau hihia o ka lynx i nā kūlanakauhale, no ka mea makemake lākou i nā ululāʻau coniferous pouli.
He holoholona hihiu ʻo Lynx, no laila, makemake i ka nohona pō a me ka nohona ahiahi. Hoʻomaka ka Hunting me ka hoʻomaka o ka pouli. ʻAi nui ia i nā hares. Inā hiki, hiki iā ia ke hoʻouka i kahi holoholona hoofed: dia dia, ʻulaʻula a me nā puaʻa hihiu ʻōpio. E hopu maʻalahi i kahi squirrel a marten paha. ʻO kahi mea leʻaleʻa punahele ka ʻiʻo o ka hazel grouse, ʻeleʻele a me ke kumu lāʻau. Hoʻokomo i nā lua i ke kau hoʻoilo.
ʻOiaʻiʻo hoihoi - ʻaʻole makemake ka lynx i nā ʻalopeke, no laila ke ʻimi nei ia iā lākou ke loaʻa ka manawa kūpono. I ka manawa like, ʻaʻole ʻo ia e ʻai. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o nā ʻano hahai holoholona o kēia mau pōpoki ma mua o nā leopadi a me nā ʻīlio hae. Me ka hoʻomaka o ke ahiahi, hāmau nā mea āpau a puni a i kēia manawa hele ka lynx i ka hopu holoholona, hoʻolohe ʻana i nā kani liʻiliʻi loa.
Ma ka hoʻoholo ʻana aia he mea pio ma kahi kokoke, hele mālie ka pōpoki iā ia, me ka walaʻau ʻole. Kuhi ʻia kahi mamao kūpono no ka hoʻouka kaua he 10 - 20 m. 2 - 3 mau lele lele e lawa i ka ʻai. Inā ʻike ka mea i hōʻino ʻia, no ka laʻana, he hare, ua hewa kekahi mea a hoʻomaka e holo aku, alualu paha ka lynx iā ia no kahi manawa pōkole, 50 - 100 m, a ma hope iho ua kū
ʻAʻole ʻo ke kānana wale nō ke ʻano hahai holoholona. Makemake pū kekahi i kahi kūlana kali a ʻike, i ka hoʻohālua. ʻO nā ala Hare a i ʻole nā wahi hoʻoinu no nā ungulate nā wahi punahele. ʻAʻole makemake ka lynx i ka lele ʻana mai nā kumulāʻau, ʻoiai hiki ke hoʻomaha i nā lālā, e kau ana i nā wāwae ʻehā i lalo.
ʻO ka prey i ke ʻano o ka hare 1 e lawa no ka pōpoki no 2 mau lā. Inā ua lilo ka dia dia, a laila hāʻawi kēia i ka holoholona i ka meaʻai no hoʻokahi pule ma mua. Hana ʻia he nui loa ka mea pio, a laila kanu ia ka lynx i ka lepo a i ʻole ka hau, e pili ana i ke kau.
ʻAno noho ʻole ke ala o ke ola. Ke ʻimi nei i kahi pio, hiki iā ia ke neʻe i 30 km. He mea ʻaihue ʻo Lynxka mea makemake i ka noho kaʻawale. ʻO nā mea hoʻokoe wale nō nā wahine me nā keiki bipi - noho pū lākou i mau mahina. Ua lawa kēia e aʻo ai i nā mākau hahai holoholona hou.
ʻO ka mea mua, lawe mai ka wahine i nā holoholona ola i nā pēpē, e laʻa me nā ʻiole a i ʻole nā ʻiole. Ma hope o ko lākou ulu ʻana, hoʻomaka ka lynx e lawe keiki me lākou e alualu. Me ka hoʻomaka o Pepeluali, kipaku ka makua i nā keiki, ʻoiai ka manawa kēia e ola ai lākou iā lākou iho i ka taiga.
Meaʻai kūpono
ʻO ka meaʻai nui no kēia ʻano holoholona:
- nā hare;
- manu;
- ungulate ʻōpio;
- kiwi.
Hoʻopiha i ka meaʻai i kēlā me kēia lā - mai 1 a 3 kg o kaʻiʻo. Inā ʻaʻole ʻai ka lynx i kahi manawa lōʻihi a hana i ka makemake, a laila i kekahi manawa hiki ke hoʻopau a 5 kg. Inā ʻaʻohe pono o ka meaʻai, ʻaʻole makehewa ka pōpoki i kona ikaika, no laila ʻaʻole ia e hele i ka alualu holoholona. Inā nui ka pāʻani i hopu ʻia, a laila hūnā ka holoholona i ka mea pio, akā naʻe, ʻaʻole lawa ka mākaukau, no ka mea maʻalahi ka loaʻa ʻana o nā mea ʻai i nā meaʻai i mālama ʻia.
Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ka kumu nui o ka meaʻai ka hares. Ke emi iki kā lākou helu, pono i ka pōpoki ke hoʻololi i nā manu, nā koʻokoʻo a me nā holoholona ʻē aʻe. ʻO ka lynxʻano Kanada, ʻokoʻa i ka ʻEulopa, e ʻimi i ke ao. Ma waho o kaʻiʻo, hiki i ka holoholona ke ʻai i ka iʻa. ʻOi aku ka maʻalahi no ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana i ka iʻa ke waiho ʻia ia i loko o ka wai pāpaʻu, e hū ana.
ʻO ka hana hou a me ke ola o ke ola
Hoʻomaka ka rut i Pepeluali a pau iā Malaki. Hiki i kekahi mau kāne ke ukali i hoʻokahi wahine i ka manawa like, i ka manawa e ala pinepine ai nā hakakā ma waena o lākou, me ka hū nui a me nā ʻuwā e lawe ʻia ma kahi mamao loa.
ʻO ka manawa hāpai ma kahi o 2 mau mahina. Hānau ʻia ʻo Cubs i ʻApelila-Mei. ʻO ka nui o nā keiki he 2 - 3, akā i kekahi manawa hiki ke hānau ʻia he 4 a 5. ʻO ke kaupaona o nā hānau hou ma ka awelika 300 gram. E like me ke koena o ka ʻohana pōpoki, he makapō nā 2 mau pule mua, a laila hāmama ka maka.
ʻO ka hānai wahine wale nō. ʻO nā mahina 2 mua o ke ola, hānai nā keiki keiki i ka waiū, a ma hope a laila hoʻololi lākou i ka meaʻai holoholona. Hana ʻia ke ʻano makua o nā wahine ma hope o 1 makahiki, kāne - 2 makahiki. ʻO Lynx i ka taiga ola ma ka awelika mai 15 a 20 mau makahiki. Inā mālama ʻia ka pōpoki i ke pio ʻana, a laila me ka mālama kūpono hiki ke ola ma mua o 25 mau makahiki.
Kiaʻi Lynx
I kēia manawa, ʻo ka heluna kanaka ma kahi o 10,000 mau kānaka. Ma nā panalāʻau o Palani a me Kuikilana, ua luku ʻia nā holoholona. Ke ola nei lākou:
- ma ka Balkan Peninsula - he mau kakini;
- Polani - ma kahi o hoʻokahi kaukani;
- Scandinavia - 2500;
- Nā Carpathians - 2200.
Loaʻa kahi helu liʻiliʻi ma Central Asia a me Caucasus. ʻO Siberia ka helu nui loa. I nā ʻano ʻoihana, ʻaʻole ka lynx ka waiwai pio maikaʻi loa, ʻoiai he hulu wale kāna mea waiwai. I ka nahele, eia nō naʻe, e like me nā moʻo ʻē aʻe, pono ia no ke koho ʻana i nā ʻano holoholona ʻē aʻe.
Hoʻopau wale lākou i kēia mau pōpoki ma nā wahi hahai holoholona wale nō, ma ka panalāʻau e hānai ʻia ai nā dia, nā pheasants a me nā dia sika. No ka hulu waiwai nui loa no nā mea ʻimi holoholona, maikaʻi maoli ia, mānoanoa a silky.
ʻO ka lauoho kiaʻi e ulu ana ma ke kua o ka holoholona a hiki i ka lōʻihi o 5 cm, ma ka ʻōpū - 7 cm. I nā manawa āpau, mahalo nui ʻia ka hulu lynx, i kūʻai koke ʻia ma nā kudala. ʻO ke kumu o kēia kaila. Inā hōʻeha ka mea ʻume holoholona i ka lynx, ʻaʻole ia e holo, akā e pale iā ia iho a hiki i ka hopena, e hoʻohana ana i nā māiʻuʻu a me nā ʻāʻī.
ʻO kaʻenemi lua o ka pōpoki, ma hope o ke kanaka ka ʻīlio hae. Alualu lākou i nā lunamaka o nā felines i nā pūʻolo. ʻO ka manawa kūpono wale nō no ke ola ke piʻi i kahi kumulāʻau a kali iā ia. Hoʻāʻo nā holoholona naʻaupō e pakele mai nā ʻīlio hae, akā ʻaʻole kokoke kēia e pau i kā lākou makemake. No kaʻiʻo lynx, ʻaʻole maʻamau ka ʻai ʻana e like me ke kuʻuna i hoʻokumu mau ʻia. ʻOiai like ia i ka ʻono me ka veal.
Pehea e hoʻonui ai ka lynx heluna kanaka:
- mālama i nā biotopes maikaʻi loa;
- hāʻawi i nā mea ʻai (hare, roe deer);
- e hoʻēmi i ka helu o nā ʻīlio hae (ka ʻenemi nui o ka lynx);
- kaua i ka ʻaihue.
Ua ʻimi ʻia ʻo Lynx, no laila ua aneane hala ma ka ʻāina ʻo ʻEulopa. I mea e pale aku ai i ka pau ʻana o ka laha i ka laha, ua hoʻokomo ʻia i loko o ka Red Book. Inā hopu ʻoe i ka lynx pēpē, maʻalahi ka hū, no ka mea pili paʻa ka pēpē i ka ona.
ʻO ka mea hoihoi, hiki i ka holoholona ke aʻo i ka ʻimi holoholona iā ia iho, me ke kōkua ʻole o ka makuahine. ʻO nā pōpoki he ʻaha o ka nahele, e ʻimi holoholona ana a me nā holoholona nāwaliwali. He mea nui lākou no ke kūlohelohe, a ʻaʻole hana ʻino lākou.
