He holoholona ʻaihue kū hoʻokahi o ka ʻohana canine. ʻ .lio ʻīlio Maned pili i ka chordate type, mammals papa. Ma muli o nā noiʻi ʻana o nā koena kahiko i loaʻa, ua hoʻokumu ʻia ia no kahi ʻano relict o nā ʻelele o nā canine ʻAmelika Hema nui, a ua lilo i ka hopena o ka wā Pleistocene (ʻoi aku ma mua o 12 tausani mau makahiki i hala). Kapa ʻia ʻo ia hoʻi ʻo aguarachay a i ʻole guara.
Wehewehe
Ma ʻAmelika Hema, ʻo kēia predator ka mea nui o nā ʻano canine āpau. Ma kahi maloʻo, hiki i ka ʻīlio hae ke kiʻekiʻe o 75-87 knm. He wīwī ke kino, 115-127 cm ka lōʻihi, uhi ʻia me ka lauoho ʻulaʻula mānoanoa. Ma ka ʻōpū, melemele ka pale o ka lauoho. Mai ke kumu o ka iwi poʻo a i ka waena o ke kua, ʻeleʻele ke kala, keʻokeʻo ka ʻāʻī a me ka hope o ka huelo.
ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona hiʻohiʻona o ka hanana ka lōʻihi, nā wāwae lahilahi, e kūʻē ʻia ke kino. Hoʻohālikelike nā lālā ma lalo i ka waena o ke kala ʻeleʻele a aneane ʻole ka lauoho. Hoʻonui ʻia ka waha a me ka ihu ʻeleʻele a me nā pepeiao nui e kū aʻe i luna. Ma waho, ʻulaʻula nā pepeiao, a ma loko ua uhi ʻia lākou me nā lauoho keʻokeʻo. He haiki ka waha me kahi alelo ʻulaʻula elongated. ʻOi nā niho, i ka iwi ā lalo he canine ma nā ʻaoʻao. E like me ka nui o nā canine, he 42 mau niho i ka waha.
Palupalu ka huelo, ʻulaʻula i ke kala a 28-40 cm ka lōʻihi. ʻO ke kaulike kaulike e pili ana i ke kiʻekiʻe he liʻiliʻi, 20-23 kg wale nō. Helehelena wolf maned ma ke kiʻi like me ka ʻalopeke maʻamau, akā ʻaʻohe pilina ʻohana ma waena o lākou.
Hiʻona:
ʻOi aku ka pōkole o nā forelimbs o kēia predator ma mua o nā hope, no laila ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi no ka holo ʻana i luna ma mua o ka iho. ʻOiai kona mau wāwae ikaika lōʻihi, hoʻomohala ia i ka wikiwiki awelika, a holo i kahi mamao loa inā loaʻa ka weliweli, makemake e kali no ka mea hoʻohālua. Hāʻawi ka ulu kiʻekiʻe i ka holoholona mai nā mānoanoa e hana i ka mea i hōʻeha ʻia i kahi mamao loa. He lohe maikaʻi loa ka ʻīlio hae, ke ʻala o ka honi a me ka maka maka maikaʻi.
ʻAʻohe o ka pale o ka ʻili o ka mea hoʻomake. ʻOi aku ka lōʻihi o ka lauoho mai ka lei aliʻi a i waenakonu o ke kua ma mua o ke kino (11-13 cm), a ke manaʻo ka holoholona i ka makaʻu a i ʻole huhū paha, kū ka lauoho ma ka nape, a hāʻawi iā ia i kahi hiʻohiʻona hoʻoweliweli a hoʻonui i ka kino i ka nui. ʻOi aku ka nui o nā kāne a ʻoi aku ka hana ma mua o nā wahine.
Uwa pū lākou ma nā ʻano ʻokoʻa - nā kāne i kahi leo haʻahaʻa, a hana nā wahine i nā leo i kahi leo kiʻekiʻe. Hiki iā lākou ke ʻōhumu, ʻōhumu menacingly a me ka hae. Liʻiliʻi ka mākau māmā o ka ʻīlio hae maned, liʻiliʻi ka puʻuwai, no laila ʻaʻohe ona ahonui, a hoʻāʻo e alo i nā heihei i ka wikiwiki.
Inā alualu ka mea ʻimi iā ia ma luna o ka lio, hopu koke ʻo ia i ka holoholona. Eia nō naʻe, i ke kaʻina o ka hopu holoholona, hiki iā ia ke holo i ka wikiwiki o 20-25 km i hoʻokahi pō.
Nā ʻano
Aia i loko o ka ʻohana canine ʻekolu mau ʻano ʻohana - canine, ʻīlio hae a me nā ʻalopeke pepeiao pepeiao nunui. ʻAʻole pili ka ʻīlio hae ʻokoʻa i kekahi o kēia mau papa o nā holoholona. Loaʻa iā ia nā hiʻohiʻona hiʻohiʻona o kēlā me kēia ʻano.
He lohe maikaʻi kona a me kahi ʻano pilau, e like me ka ʻīlio. ʻO ke kino, ka dexterity a me nā ʻano predatory, e like me ka ʻīlio hae. ʻO ke poʻo e like me ka alo o ka ʻalopeke, maʻalea, maʻalea a me ka hiki ke kali no ka manawa lōʻihi i kahi hoʻohālua mai ka ʻalopeke pū kekahi.
Ma ʻAmelika Hema, i ka hoʻohui o ka ʻīlio hae maned, 11 mau ʻohana o nā ʻine canine e noho nei. Eia nō naʻe, e like me ka ʻikepili kūwaho, loaʻa ka like nui me guara ʻīlio hae ʻulaʻula... He hui o ka ʻalopeke, ʻīlio hae a me ka ʻīlio hae.
Hoʻokomo pū ia i ka lauoho ʻulaʻula ʻōmaʻomaʻo, ka waha o kēia predator, e like me ka ʻalopeke, a i loko o kāna papaʻai holoholona a me nā mea kanu mea kanu. ʻO kēia kahi e pau ai nā like like ma waena o kēia mau māmala. He mau wāwae pōkole ko ka ʻīlio ʻulaʻula, paʻa i ke kino, ʻeleʻele ka huelo i ka hopena.
ʻO ke kulpeo (a i ʻole ka ʻalopeke Andean) he ʻano like me ka ʻīlio hae hae. He lauoho ʻulaʻula kona me ka hina hina, nui nā pepeiao kū i luna a me ka waha o ka elongated. Eia nō naʻe, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka nui ma mua o ka ʻīlio hae, a makemake ʻo ia e noho ma nā wahi mauna a i ʻole nā ulu lāʻau deciduous. Hiki ke kuhikuhi ʻia ʻo Dingo, coyote a me ʻAsagia wolf i nā ʻano like.
Akā he ʻano ʻokoʻa ko kēia mau ʻano canid āpau i ke ola, kā lākou mau ala ponoʻī o ka ʻimi holoholona, nā maʻa a me nā maʻamau. No laila, noʻonoʻo pono ʻia ka ʻīlio hae hae i ʻano lunamakaʻāinana kūʻokoʻa o kona ʻohana a wae ʻia e nā zoologists ma ke ʻano he ʻano kaʻawale.
Auila
I ka nahelehele, ʻaʻole hele kēia mau holoholona i nā holoholona. Mālama wale ʻia lākou a i ʻole e kekahi male ma kahi ʻāpana e hoʻonui ʻia a 30-50 sq. km no kēlā me kēia ʻohana. I mea e maopopo ai i kā lākou mau hoa e noho ana kahi, kahakaha lākou i nā palena o kā lākou pūnaewele me nā feces a me ka mimi, e hoʻāʻo nei e waiho i nā māka ma nā puʻu termite. Ma hope o kekahi manawa, hana hou ʻia ka mea hele, a hōʻano hou nā ʻōuli.
Eia nō naʻe, pili pili ka wahine male i ka wā hānau wale nō, ke koena o ka manawa e mālama ka mau wahine i ko lākou mamao mai kekahi i kekahi. Holo nā wahine a me nā kāne, ʻai a hiamoe ʻokoʻa. ʻO Loners, ka mea i hoʻokele ʻole e loaʻa kahi hoa a noho i kahi ʻāina, noho ma ka palena, e hoʻāʻo nei e hopu ʻole i ka maka o nā kāne kāne nāna e kiaʻi i kāna mau waiwai.
Inā koi kahi malihini he wahine ʻo ia, a laila hāpai mua nā kāne i ko lākou lauoho ma ka piko a hele wāwae i nā pōʻai, ke hoʻopuka nei i kahi leo nui. Ma hope o kēlā, hakakā lākou a hoʻi i ka ʻenemi palupalu i hope. I ka pō, uē nā ʻīlio hihiu hae e huki mai, e aʻoaʻo ana i kā lākou mau hoa lawe ʻia kahi.
Hoʻomaka ka hana o nā mea hōkai me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka pō ahiahi a paʻa a wanaʻao. I ke ao, moe lākou i nā nāhelehele malumalu a moe a ahiahi. Hiki i kahi ʻīlio hae maned ke hana i nā ala i ke ao i nā hanana launa ʻole - i nā manawa wī a me nā wahi neoneo. I ke kūlohelohe, ʻaʻole komo nā kāne i ka hānai ʻana i nā keiki, ʻo ka makuahine wale nō ke hana i nā ʻīlio pēpē.
I ka pio ʻana, loli ke ʻano o nā holoholona. Noho maluhia nā kāne a hoʻokahi i loko o hoʻokahi pā, hiamoe a ʻai pū, a nānā nā kāne i kā lākou pua. Inā hoʻonoho ʻia kekahi mau kāne i hoʻokahi aviary, koho lākou i ka mea nui me ke kōkua o ka hakakā, a ma hope he pūʻolo ʻīlio hae kāne kāne e noho pū me ka hakakā ʻole.
Kūlike ʻole i ko lākou kumu, ʻaʻole kūpiki kēia mau mea hōkai. I ke pio ʻana, ʻoluʻolu lākou a hiki ke mahalo i ke ʻano lokomaikaʻi iā lākou iho. Hiki i nā manuʻai a i ʻole kahi lāpaki ke lilo i mau mea i hōʻino ʻia i ke kaiapuni maoli.
Ua hiki i kahi ʻāpana o nā ʻīlio hae kāne i hoʻokuʻi ʻia i ka hipa a i kahi pā manu. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻohe hihia i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ka wā i hoʻouka ai lākou i kahi kanaka. Ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē, ʻalo mau nā holoholona akahele i nā kānaka.
Kahi noho
Ke ola nei ka ʻīlio hae hae ma ka hema o ʻAmelika. ʻO ka hapanui o nā manawa i loaʻa ma ka wahi e hoʻomaka ana ma ka ʻaoʻao hikina hikina o Brazil a hiki i ka hikina o Bolivia. Ma waenakonu o Brazil, ua ʻike ʻia ia ma kahi i wao nahele ʻia. Hiki ke ʻike ʻia kēia holoholona laha ʻole ma Paraguay a me ka mokuʻāina Brazil o Rio Grande do Sul.
I nā pampas o ʻAtenekia, mālama ʻia ia i nā mea liʻiliʻi. No ke ola, koho ka ʻīlio hae maned i nā pāpū i ulu nui ʻia me nā mauʻu kiʻekiʻe a me nā nāhelehele. ʻOluʻolu i ka ulu lāʻau ākea, kahi e noho ai i nā aniani mamao a i ʻole nā kihi nahele.
Hiki iā ia ke noho i kahi poho, akā mālama ia kokoke i ka lihi, kahi e nui ai nā mea kanu, nā mea kolo a me nā mea kolo liʻiliʻi. ʻAʻole makemake ʻo ia i ka wela a me ka ua, ke aniau kūpono nona. Mai noho i ke kuahiwi, ma nā ʻāina pōhaku, nā puʻu one a me nā ululāʻau paʻa.
Meaʻai kūpono
He unpretentious ʻo ia i ka meaʻai, ʻai i nā holoholona ʻelua a kanu i nā meaʻai. ʻAʻole i ʻae ke ʻano o nā niho a me nā auwaliwali nāwaliwali i ka ʻīlio hae e haehae i nā pāʻani nui; ale wale ia i ka mea pio, ʻaneʻane me ka nau ʻole.
No laila, koho ʻo ia i nā holoholona liʻiliʻi - nā meheu like ʻole, nā lāpaki, nā mea kolo. Hiki i kahi predator dexterous ke lele i luna a hopu i kahi manu nahu i ka lele, a huki hoʻi i nā hua i hoʻomoe ʻia mai ka pūnana.
ʻAʻole ia e hoʻokaʻulua i nā nīnū a me nā mea kolo, inā pono, e hoʻāla ʻo ia i lua e hiki ai i ka mea e noho ana. ʻAʻole ia e ʻeli i ka honua me kāna mau wāwae, akā me kona mau niho, ʻaʻole ia he ʻano maʻamau no nā ʻano ʻē aʻe o kona ʻohana. ʻAʻole ʻo ia e holo i hope o ka mea pio, akā noho ʻo ia i kahi hoʻohālua.
ʻO nā pepeiao nui a me kahi ʻano ʻala e kōkua iā ia e helu i ka mea i hōʻeha ʻia. Ke lohe ʻo ia iā ia, kuʻi ʻo ia i ka lepo me kona wāwae i ʻike ʻo ia iā ia iho, a laila me kahi lele lele e hoʻouka i ka mea pio. ʻO ka ipu punahele "live" ka puaʻa guinea hihiu.
Me ka leʻaleʻa ʻole, ʻai ka ʻīlio hae i ka hua (aloha i ka maiʻa), kō a me nā aʻa āpau. I loko o ke kau, ʻai ʻo ia i nā hua like ʻole. Aia ma waena o lākou kahi mea kūikawā - ulu nui ia ma Brazil a kapa ʻia ʻo lobeira. ʻIno e like me ka ʻōmato ʻōmaʻomaʻo a ʻaʻala e like me ka ʻāpala.
I nā mahina maloʻo, hiki i nā mea ʻaihue ke hānai wale iā ia no ka manawa lōʻihi, no laila, ua kapa ʻia ia he "wolf berry". ʻEha pinepine nā ʻīlio hae Maned i kahi worm parasite e noho ana i nā puʻupaʻa o ka holoholona a kapa ʻia ʻo ka paila nunui.
Hiki ke lōʻihi o kona lōʻihi ma mua o 1 m, hāʻawi ia i kahi hoʻoweliweli make i ka holoholona. ʻO ka ʻai ʻana i ka lobeira a me nā aʻa o nā mea kanu like ʻole ke hana ma ke ʻano he lāʻau lapaʻau a kōkua i ka predator e kāpae aku i nā parasites weliweli. ʻOkoʻa ia mai kekahi o kāna mau hoa i ka mea ʻaʻole ia e hānai i ke kino make. I nā mahina pōloli, hiki ke ʻai i nā meaʻai mea kanu wale nō no kahi manawa lōʻihi.
Hoʻopiʻi hou
Hana ʻia ke ʻano makua i nā guaras a i ʻole nā ʻīlio hae kāne kāne i ka makahiki ʻelua, akā ʻike ʻia ka hua ma 3-4 mau makahiki. ʻO kēia mau holoholona he hoa pili pono - hoʻohua ʻia ka wahine e hoʻokahi kāne. Ma lalo o nā kūlana kūlohelohe, holo ka wā male mai ʻApelila a Iune, ma nā ʻĀkau ʻākau mai ʻOkakopa a Pepeluali. He wela ka wahine i hoʻokahi manawa i ka makahiki a hala nā lā he 4-5.
ʻO ka manawa no ka hāpai ʻana i nā bipi keiki he 62-66 mau lā. No hoʻokahi ʻōpala, lawe mai ka wahine i 2-4 mau ʻīlio pēpē, i nā manawa kakaikahi i hānau ʻia he 6-7 cubs i ka manawa hoʻokahi. Kaupaona nā pēpē 320-450 g. Hoʻonohonoho pinepine ka makuahine i home no nā keiki hānau hou ma nā puʻu liʻiliʻi i nā mānoanoa a i ʻole nā kumu lāʻau ma ka lihi o kahi kaona. I ka nahelehele, ʻaʻole ʻeli ke kāne i kahi puʻuhonua, a ʻo ka wahine wale nō ke kuleana no ka ʻohana.
ʻO nā pēpē he 7-8 mau lā makapō, kuli a nele loa, hānai wale lākou i ka waiū o ka makuahine. Hoʻomohala koke nā cubs. I ka lā 9, hāmama ko lākou mau maka, a ma hope o 3.5-4 mau pule, kū i luna nā pepeiao i hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻia. Ma hope o hoʻokahi mahina, hoʻomaka lākou e hānai i ka mea a ka makuahine i hoʻopaʻa ai na lākou. ʻO ka hanai waiū he 13-15 mau pule, a ma hope e kuapo lākou i ka meaʻai paʻa.
I ka wā mua, hānau ʻia nā pēpē me ka lauoho hina hina hina pōkole. ʻO ka wēlau o ka hiʻu a me ka lauoho o loko o nā pepeiao keʻokeʻo. I ka makahiki o 2.5 mau mahina, hoʻomaka ka lauoho i kahi kala ʻulaʻula.
ʻO nā pule mua o ka hoʻomohala ʻana o nā wāwae o nā pēpē e noho pōkole ana, i ka malama 3 o ke ola, hoʻolōʻihi ʻia nā lālā, a hoʻonui ʻia ka wāwae o lalo a me ka metatarsus. I ka makahiki hoʻokahi o ka holoholona ʻīlio hae guara a i ʻole maned - i kēia manawa he predator mākua, mākaukau no ke ola kūʻokoʻa.
Wā ola
I nā wahi pale a me nā zoo, noho ka ʻīlio hae maned no 12-15 mau makahiki, i kona ʻano kūlohelohe a 17 mau makahiki, akā ma laila ʻaʻole iki ʻo ia e ola nei a hiki i kēia makahiki. Make nā holoholona i ka lima o nā mea ʻino, hāʻule ma lalo o nā huila o nā kaʻa, a make i ka maʻi parvovirus (pest). Hāʻawi ʻia nā panalāʻau hou aku o nā aupuni o nā ʻāina no ka pono o ka mahiʻai, hoʻonele ʻana i nā holoholona o ko lākou wahi maoli. I ka wā o ka neʻe ikaika, ʻaʻole ola nā kānaka āpau.
ʻAʻole pepehi ʻia nā ʻīlio hae Maned no ka ʻiʻo a peʻe paha. Pana nā mahiʻai iā lākou no ka mea ʻike lākou iā lākou he mea hoʻoweliweli i nā holoholona a me nā moa. Nanea nā Hunters i ke kaʻina o ke alualu ʻana i ka pāʻani.
A ʻokoʻa kahi ʻāpana o ka lāhui e manaʻoʻiʻo nei i kahi moʻolelo kahiko, e ʻōlelo nei he mana kilokilo ko nā maka o kahi holoholona laha ʻole. No laila, hopu ʻia ka holoholona i mea e hana talismans ai ma hope.
I ka nahele hihiu, ʻaʻohe ʻenemi maopopo nā ʻenemi hihiu. ʻO ko lākou mau ʻenemi nui ke kāne a me ka maʻi. Hoʻopili maʻalahi nā Predators i nā maʻi a me nā hoʻouka kaua, ʻo nā ʻelele ikaika loa ka mālama i kēia mau maʻi, ʻaʻole ola ka nāwaliwali. I kēia lā, ua ʻoi aku ma mua o 13 tausani mau kānaka i ka honua, kahi o 2 tausani mau mea ʻānō e noho nei i Brazil.
Ma Uruguay a me Peru, ua nalo ʻino nā holoholona laha ʻole. ʻO ka ʻīlio hae Maned i loko o ka puke ʻula i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma ke ʻano he “hopena”. Ma Argentina a me Brazil, pale ʻia ia e ke kānāwai, a pāpā ʻia ka ʻimi holoholona.
I ka 1978, ua hoʻomaka ka World Wildlife Fund i kahi noiʻi kikoʻī o ka holoholona kū hoʻokahi i mea e pale aku ai i ka luku ʻia ʻana o kahi lāhui waiwai a hoʻonui i kona lehulehu i ka honua.
