Hare kahi ʻano laha o nā hares ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻākau o ka honua. ʻO kāna hiʻohiʻona nui, e like me ka inoa e hōʻike nei, ka hiki ke hoʻololi i ke kala o kona hulu i keʻokeʻo me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka hoʻoilo. ʻOiai ko lākou hanana ākea i kekahi mau wahi, ma kekahi mau wahi ua luku ʻia kēia mau holoholona a komo pū ʻia i loko o ka Red Book o kekahi mau ʻāina, e laʻa me Ukraine.
Ke kumu o ka laha a me ka wehewehe
ʻO ka hare keʻokeʻo kahi māmela o nā genes o ka hares, ke kaʻina o Lagomorphs. He mea maʻamau ia ma nā ʻaoʻao ʻākau o ka hapa nui o nā ʻāina. ʻO ka hare keʻokeʻo e ʻike pono ʻia kekahi o nā ʻano mamala mua loa ma ka ʻāina nui. Ua loaʻa nā ʻepekema i nā mea paleontological, me ke kōkua o ia mau mea i hoʻokumu ʻia ʻo ka wahi o nā kūpuna o kēia mau holoholona ma ka ʻāina o ka ululāʻau-steppe o ʻEulopa. I kēlā mau lā ua hoʻoneʻe ʻia nā nahele i ka hema. A laila hiki ke loaʻa kēia hare ma nā panalāʻau o Crimea hou a me Caucasus.
ʻO nā mokupuni liʻiliʻi o ka wahi e noho ai ka hare ma nā ʻāpana o ka hikina o Polani, ʻEnelani, a me Mongolia nā mea ola o kēia ʻike ʻepekema. ʻO ka hopena o ka wā hau, a me ia ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka ululāʻau e nā poʻe a me ka emi ʻana o nā glaciers, ua koi ʻia kēia ʻano e neʻe i nā wahi o ka ʻākau, kahi i noho mau ai nā ululāʻau a ʻaʻole lākou i hoʻoweliweli ʻia e ka hoʻoweliweli o ka hoʻonui.
Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i 10 mau ʻāpana o kēia mau hares ma ka ʻāina o Rūsia wale nō. ʻOkoʻa nā ʻāpana āpau i kēlā me kēia ma kahi o ka noho, nā ʻano papaʻai, kaupaona, ka nui a me nā ʻano ʻē aʻe. Eia nō naʻe, me kēia mau ʻokoʻa, lilo lākou i hoʻokahi ʻano - ka hare keʻokeʻo. E like me ka inoa e hōʻike nei, ʻo kahi hiʻohiʻona hiʻohiʻona o kēia ʻano ka loli o ko lākou kapa i ka manawa o ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i kahi kala keʻokeʻo maoli.
ʻO ka helehelena a me nā hiʻohiʻona
ʻO ka hare keʻokeʻo kahi māno nui o nā Lagomorphs. He huluhulu mānoanoa, palupalu kona e hoʻololi i ke kala i ka kau. I ka hoʻoilo, lilo ka hare i mea nona ka lole keʻokeʻo, ʻoiai he ʻeleʻele nā wēlau o nā pepeiao. I ke koena o ka makahiki, kala ʻia kona huluhulu mai ka hina a i ka brown.
Ka nui o ka hare keʻokeʻo:
- ka lōʻihi o ke kino - mai 40 a 65 cm;
- ke kaumaha o ke kino - mai 1.5 a 4 kg;
- pepeiao - 7-10 cm;
- huelo - a i 7 cm.
ʻOkoʻa ka nui o nā holoholona i ka subspecies a me ka nohona. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā ʻāpana he ʻumi o kēia mau holoholona ma ka panalāʻau o Rūsia wale nō. ʻO nā wahine ma kahi o ka hapakolu o ka nui o nā kāne. Pono e hoʻomaopopo ʻaʻole hiki i nā keʻokeʻo ke hoʻololi i ko lākou kala i nā wahi i loaʻa ka hau liʻiliʻi. Hiki iā lākou ke noho keʻokeʻo i ka makahiki holoʻokoʻa i nā wahi kahi e moe mau ai ka hau.
He ākea loa nā paws, hiki iā lākou ke neʻe maʻalahi i ka hau e like me ka skiing. ʻO kahi palaki lauoho mānoanoa ma nā wāwae. Lōʻihi loa nā wāwae hope, kahi e hoʻoholo ai i ke ʻano o ka neʻe ʻana o ka hare - nā lele lōʻihi. Ma muli o ka ʻokoʻa o ka lōʻihi o ka hope a me nā hares mua, hiki ke ʻike ʻia ka hare keʻokeʻo e kāna mau ala ʻano i ka hau.
I ka hoʻoilo, ʻo ka hare keʻokeʻo ma ka ʻāina nui o ka noho e hoʻololi i kona kala i keʻokeʻo. A ma kēlā mau wahi wale nō i nui ʻole ka hau, ʻaʻole ia e hoʻololi i kona kala. Mālama ʻo Molting i kahi wahi kūikawā i ke ola o ka hare, kahi e hana ʻia 2 manawa i ka makahiki. Pili pono kāna mau hoʻomaka i ka mahana o ka mahana a me ka hoʻololi ʻana i nā hola o ke ao.
Eia nō naʻe, aia kekahi mau hihia i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka hoʻoilo ua hoʻololi mua nā holoholona i ko lākou kala, akā ʻaʻole i hāʻule ka hau. A laila lilo ka hare i mea kūʻē loa i ka ʻeleʻele o ka honua, ʻaʻole i uhi ʻia me ka hau. Hāʻawi ʻia ʻo Hares me ka lohe maikaʻi loa, akā ʻoi aku ka nāwaliwali o kā lākou ʻike a me ke ʻano o ka pilau.
Ma hea e noho ai ka hē keʻokeʻo?
Hiki ke loaʻa ka hare keʻokeʻo ma ka tundra, nā ululāʻau a me nā wahi ululāʻau o ka ʻaoʻao ʻākau o ka ʻāina ʻo ʻEulopa o ka ʻaoʻao ʻākau o ʻAmelika. Aia pū me nā mokupuni ʻo Scandinavia, Polani, Mongolia, Kazakhstan, Iapana a me Mexico.
Ma mua, ua noho lākou ma kahi ʻē aku o ka hema a ua hōʻike ʻia ma ka moku ʻo Crimea a me Caucasus, akā ma muli o ke ʻano hoʻomehana a me nā hana hoʻonui a nā kānaka, pono lākou e hoʻololi i ko lākou wahi noho maʻamau i nā ʻĀkau ʻākau o ka honua.
ʻOi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka hare keʻokeʻo e noho nei i ʻAmelika ma mua o kona mau hoa. ʻO ka pinepine, ma muli o kona huluhulu ʻano ʻole, lilo ia i māka o nā mea ʻimi holoholona i kēia wahi. Kapa ʻia lākou he poʻe paʻa paʻa. Makemake ka hare e noho i nā wahi kahi hiki ke loaʻa maʻalahi ka meaʻai. Kū wale ka neʻe ʻana i nā hihia koʻikoʻi wale nō, ke loaʻa ʻole ka hare i ka meaʻai. Hana pinepine kēia i nā wahi o ka tundra i ka wā hoʻoilo hau. Hoʻopili piha ʻia nā birch dwarf a me nā aspens me ka hau.
No laila, noho ka hare keʻokeʻo ma nā ʻāpana ʻākau o ka honua. Eia nō naʻe, ua mau nā wahi relict o kona wahi noho. Makemake kēia holoholona e alakaʻi i kahi nohona noho, akā hiki i nā kūlana paʻakikī ke hoʻoikaika iā ia e neʻe.
He aha ka mea e ʻai ai ka hē keʻokeʻo?
Ke hilinaʻi pololei nei i ka wahi o ka noho a me ka manawa o ka makahiki, ʻai ʻo ka hares i nā ʻano meaʻai like ʻole. Me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka pūnāwai, huddle hes i nā pūʻulu liʻiliʻi a ʻai pū i ka mauʻu ʻōpio i nā kula a me nā lau nahele. Ma hope o ka hoʻoilo, nele nā holoholona i nā huaora a me nā paʻakai mineral. Ma muli o kēia, hiki iā lākou ke ʻai i ka lepo, ale i nā pōhaku liʻiliʻi. ʻOluʻolu ʻo Hares i nā iwi o nā holoholona make a hoʻolei ʻia nā pepeiaohao e nā elks.
I ke kauwela, haku ʻia kā lākou papaʻai i nā mea kanu succulent. I kekahi mau wahi, ʻai ka hare i nā ʻalalā a me nā hua. I ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa, aia kekahi mau hihia ke ʻeli kahi hare i nā truffle a ʻai me ka leʻaleʻa. Ke hoʻokokoke mai nei ke kauwela, hoʻomaka ka maloʻo o ka mauʻu. Pono nā Hares e pale me ka ʻai nui, e like me nā lālā lūlū, nā lau maloʻo a me nā lau.
I ka hoʻoilo, ʻo ka ʻili o nā nāhelehele like ʻole a me nā kumulāʻau e lilo i kumu o ka papaʻai o ka hare. ʻO nā ʻano lāʻau kikoʻī e pili ana i ka ʻāina o ka noho. ʻO ka mākaukau loa, ʻai ʻo ka hares i ka ʻili o aspen a me willow. ʻAi lākou i ka birch a me ka larch me ka ʻoluʻolu ʻole, akā hiki ke maʻalahi a hoʻolaha ʻia. Inā hiki, hiki i ka hare ke ʻeli i ka mauʻu, nā hua a me nā cones mai lalo o ka hau.
I ka ʻimi ʻana i ka meaʻai, hiki i kahi hare keʻokeʻo ke holo ma mua o ke kekona mau kilomita. Hana pinepine kēia mau hulina i ka hare i kahi e noho ai ka poʻe. Ma laila e hiki ai iā ia ke hānai i ke koena o ka mauʻu, ka palaoa a me nā hānai ʻē aʻe.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano a me ka nohona
ʻO ka hare keʻokeʻo ka hapa nui o nā holoholona nocturnal. I ka lā, ʻo ka hare, ma ke ʻano he peʻe, peʻe a hoʻomaha paha, a me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka pouli e puka ai no ka hānai ʻana. Eia nō naʻe, inā pono, hiki iā ia ke alakaʻi i kahi ʻano o ke ao. Pēlā e pono ai, no ka laʻana, me ka hoʻonui i ka lōʻihi o nā hola ao.
I hoʻokahi manawa momona, holo ka hare ma kahi o 2 km. Eia nō naʻe, inā ʻimi ʻo ia i ka meaʻai, a laila hiki iā ia ke holo he mau mile he mau mile. He mea pono e hoʻomaopopo ʻia i ka wā maikaʻi ʻole o ka wā ʻaʻole e hele iki ka hare. I ka hoʻoilo, ʻeli nā lua i nā lua lōʻihi ma ka hau, a hiki i 8 mau mika. ʻO kēia kekahi o nā holoholona nahelehele, i nā manawa o ka weliweli, ʻoi aku ka makemake e moe i lalo i kāna lua a kali iā ia, ma mua o ka lele ʻana i waho ona a holo.
Ke hele nei e hānai, makemake ka hare keʻokeʻo e huikau nā ala a neʻe i nā lele lōʻihi. I mea e huikau ai ka poʻe alualu i ka hiki, hoʻohana ka hare i "pālua", ʻo ma hope o kekahi manawa, hoʻi ʻo ia ma kāna ala a "wikiwiki" - lele lōʻihi i ka ʻaoʻao o ke ala.
ʻO ka hiki ke wehe i nā mele hare waiwai nui i nā pōʻai ʻimi holoholona. Eia nō naʻe, ʻo nā ʻīlio nahele a me nā ʻīlio hahai holoholona hana me ka paʻakikī. Inā loaʻa ka hare, e hilinaʻi wale ia i ka hiki ke holo wikiwiki a me kona mau wāwae lōʻihi. ʻO nā Belyaks nā holoholona mehameha. ʻO ka mea ʻokoʻa nā kāne i ka wā moekolohe a me nā wahine me nā keiki. Noho kēlā me kēia holoholona i kahi o 30,000-300,000 m2. ʻAʻole hoʻololi nā hares i ko lākou wahi noho, he mea nui kā lākou neʻe ʻana.
Inā, ma muli o ka uhi o ka hau, ʻaʻole hiki ke loaʻa ka meaʻai, hoʻoholo ka hares i ka neʻe lōʻihi. ʻO kona lōʻihi i kekahi manawa hiki i hoʻokahi haneli mau kilomita. I ka wā o ka neʻe nui, hipa keʻokeʻo i loko o kahi ʻohana o 10-30 mau kānaka, akā i kekahi manawa hiki i kāna helu ke piʻi i 70 poʻo. I ka hōʻea ʻana i kahi kūpono, hoʻomau nā hares i ke ʻano o ka noho kaʻawale.
ʻO ke kūkulu kaiāulu a me ka hana hou
ʻO ka hare kahi ʻano holoholona kūpono. Loaʻa i nā wahine he 2-3 estrus i kēlā me kēia makahiki. Hana ka mua i ka hopena o ka hoʻoilo. ʻO ka mea hope loa ma ka hopena o ke kauwela. Hiki kēia mau hares i ka wā ʻōpio i ka makahiki ʻeiwa. Hiki i nā wahine i kā lākou momona momona i ka makahiki 2 a 7 mau makahiki.
ʻAʻole hōʻike ka lāpaki makuahine i kekahi hopohopo no kāna keiki. ʻO ka mea wale nō a ka wahine e hānai ai i nā lāpaki i nā manawa he nui. He mea pono e hoʻomaopopo ʻaʻole pono ia i kahi pūnana hānau. Hānau ʻia i loko o kahi lua liʻiliʻi, uhi ʻole ʻia a i waena o ka mauʻu, nāhele liʻiliʻi, a i ʻole nā aʻa o kahi lāʻau.
I hoʻokahi litter, maʻa mau ʻia mai ka 5 a i ka 7 cubs, e kaupaona ana ma kahi o 100 gram, akā i kekahi manawa aia he 11-12 lāpaki. ʻIke ʻia nā ʻāpana liʻiliʻi me ka lauoho mānoanoa a me nā maka hāmama. I kekahi mau hola ma hope o ka hānau ʻana, hiki iā lākou ke neʻe i mua, kahi e hoʻokaʻawale ai iā lākou mai nā holoholona ʻē aʻe.
I loko o ka pule mua, nāwaliwali loa nā keiki a ʻaʻole i loli. I kēia manawa, hiki iā lākou ke ʻai i ka waiū umauma, kahi momona o nā momona ma kahi o 15%. A laila hiki iā lākou ke kuapo e kanu i nā meaʻai. Ma hope o ʻelua mau pule, kūʻokoʻa loa nā lāpaki. I loko nō naʻe o ka paʻa o nā lā i hoʻonohonoho pono ʻia no ke kau moʻo, aia kekahi manawa maopopo leʻa i nā ʻano.
ʻEnemi kūlohelohe o ka hare keʻokeʻo
He holoholona ʻino ʻole a pale ʻole ka hare keʻokeʻo. Nui kona mau ʻenemi kūlohelohe. ʻO nā hares ʻōpio a me nā ʻelemakule he mea maʻalahi ka mea ʻai. Kaukaʻi ʻia i ko lākou wahi kikoʻī, hiki iā lākou ke hoʻouka ʻia e nā ʻalopeke, nā ʻīlio hae, nā lynxes, i ke ao a me nā manu nui o ke ao a me ka pō. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole lākou e kumu i ka hōʻino nui i ko lākou heluna kanaka.
ʻO ke kumu nui o ka make nui ʻana o nā hares keʻokeʻo he ʻano like ʻole o nā maʻi.
- Nā maʻi o nā ake māmā;
- Nā maʻi Helminthic;
- Tularemia;
- Coccidosis;
- ʻO Pasteurells.
I kekahi manawa, ma muli o nā maʻi nui, i kekahi wahi, hāʻule ka helu o kēia mau holoholona i ka ʻaneʻane ʻole. A i mea e hoʻihoʻi hou ai i ka heluna kanaka i kona nui ma mua, lawe ʻia i mau makahiki. Hoʻomaopopo ʻia ka nui o ka nui o nā hares e noho ana i ka wahi i loaʻa i ka maʻi, ʻo ka pinepine ka maʻi ahulau, a ʻo ka wikiwiki o ka hoʻolaha ʻana o ka maʻi. I nā wahi i liʻiliʻi ka heluna o nā holoholona, ʻaʻole i haʻi nui ʻia nā hopena, a ʻaʻole pinepine nā epizootics.
Eia kekahi, kahi mea weliweli nui i nā hares mai nā kūlana aniau maikaʻi ʻole. ʻO nā thaws a me nā hau hau, ka hau ʻino a me nā ua anuanu e luku nui i nā hares a me kēlā me kēia. Weliweli loa kēia aniau no nā hares ʻōpio loa. I ka pūnāwai, i nā kahawai kokoke i nā wai o ka wai, paʻa nā hares e nā kahawai kiʻekiʻe a me nā kahawai e kahe ana. ʻO ka wai e kahe ana i nā mea āpau e hoʻopuni ai ka hares i nā haneli he mau haneli ma nā puʻu liʻiliʻi. Ma laila lākou e noho pōloli ai, pulu a anuanu, ʻoki loa ʻia mai ka ʻāina. Laki lākou inā e nalo koke ka wai, a i ʻole e make lākou.
ʻOiai ʻo ka bea he holoholona hānai nui, ʻaʻole hiki iā lākou ke hoʻopiha i nā wahi noho āpau. Ke kali nei nā mea weliweli he nui no lākou, he paʻakikī i ka holoholona e kūpaka. No laila, ʻaʻole nui ka hoʻonui makahiki o ka hares a, ma ke ʻano he rula, ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku i ka heluna kanaka mua.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
I kēia manawa, ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma kahi o 9 miliona mau keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo. I nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ua hoʻonui iki ʻia kāna helu ma muli o nā ana e pale ai i kēia holoholona. No laila ua lawe ʻia ia ma lalo o ka pale o ka honua, a ma kekahi mau ʻāina ua komo pū ia i loko o ka Red Book. Pili ka nui o ka heluna kanaka i nā kūlana o ka nohona. Me kahi maʻi nui i kahi kikoʻī, hiki i ka heluna kānaka ke make pau loa. A ʻo ka nui loa ia i ka manawa o ka maʻi, ʻo ka wikiwiki e hoʻolaha ka maʻi.
Hoʻololi ka nui o ka heluna kanaka i nā wahi like ʻole. ʻOiai ma nā wahi kokoke, hiki i nā heluna kanaka ke loli nui. ʻO ka heluna nui o nā keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo ma Rūkia aia i Yakutia, ʻoiai ʻo 30% wale nō o ka ʻāina āpau i ʻike ʻia he kūpono no ka noho ʻana o nā hares. ʻO ka ʻimi kalepa kālepa no kēia mau holoholona kahi mea o ka wā i hala. Ma kona wahi i hiki mai ka ʻimi haʻuki. Ma ka ʻaoʻao hoʻokahi, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia e mālama i ka heluna hare keʻokeʻo ma waena o nā palena kūpono. ʻOiai, ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, keʻakeʻa kēia hana i ka holo maoli ʻana o ka heluna kanaka, e luku pū ana me nā helu haʻahaʻa o nā holoholona e ola nei.
ʻO ka hana ikaika a ka poʻe e hoʻololi i ke kaiapuni ma ke kua ʻana i nā kumulāʻau e hōʻino i ka nohona kūlohelohe o nā holoholona, e koi ana iā lākou e neʻe hou aku i ka ʻākau. No laila, ke komo pū nei ka hopu holoholona pāʻoihana ʻole me ka hoʻihoʻi kūlohelohe o ka helu maʻamau o nā hares keʻokeʻo. A ʻo nā hana ʻē aʻe i hana hewa i ka nohona maʻamau e hoʻomaikaʻi wale i ka hopena luku.
I kēia ala, hare keʻokeʻo maʻalahi ke hoʻololi i nā ʻano nohona hou a hiki ke noho kokoke i nā poʻe. Ke loli mau nei ka helu o ka hares ma lalo o ka mana o nā ʻano like ʻole. ʻOiai nā pilikia a pau i kū i mua o ka hares, ua hoʻonui nui ʻia kā lākou helu i kekahi mau wahi.
Lā paʻi: 22.01.2019
Lā hou: 17.09.2019 ma 12:40
