Ua komo kēia iʻa i ka mea hoʻohālikelike olaola ʻo Sparus aurata. Ma waho aʻe o ka inoa maʻamau - dorado - nā derivatives mai Latina i hoʻomaka e hoʻohana ʻia: spar gula, aurata. Pili ka inoa o nā inoa āpau me kahi metala hanohano. Hiki ke wehewehe maʻalahi ʻia kēia: ma ke poʻo o ka iʻa, ma waena o nā maka, aia kahi kaula gula liʻiliʻi.
Ma waho o nā inoa i luna, loaʻa i nā iʻa ʻē aʻe: carp kai, orata, chipura. Hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia ka inoa darado i ke ʻano wahine a i ʻole ʻEulopa - he dorada a dorado paha ka hopena.
Heʻuʻuku ka ʻaoʻao dorado: ke Kai Waihona Mediterranean a me ka ʻAkelanika, e pili ana me Morocco, Pokukala, Sepania, Palani. Ma waena o ka māhele holoʻokoʻa o ka mahele, ke kai kai a dorado paha ka mea lawaiʻa. Mai nā lā o Roma Roma, ua hānai ʻia ʻo dorado. I kēia manawa ke hoʻomohala ʻia kēia ʻoihana ma nā ʻāina ʻo Maghreb, Turkey, a me nā mokuʻāina ʻo ʻEulopa hema.
Hōʻike a me nā hiʻohiʻona
Hiki ke ʻike ʻia ka helehelena o ka iʻa. Oval, kino pālahalaha. ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe o ke kino o kahi iʻa ma kahi o ka hapakolu o kona lōʻihi. ʻO ia, ʻo nā ʻāpana o ke kino o ka dorado e like me ke kino o ke keʻa. ʻO kahi iho e iho nui ana i ke poʻo. I waenakonu o ka ʻikepili aia he mau maka, ma ka ʻaoʻao haʻahaʻa aia kahi waha mānoanoa, ua ʻoki ʻia kāna ʻāpana i lalo. Ma ka hopena, dorado i ke kiʻi ʻoluʻolu ʻole, nānā "maʻamau".
Hoʻonohonoho ʻia nā niho i nā lālani ma nā a luna o luna a me lalo o nā iʻa. I ka lālani mua he 4-6 mau canine conical. E ukali ʻia kēia e nā lālani me nā molara ʻoi hou aʻe. ʻOi aku ka ikaika o nā niho o nā lālani mua ma mua o ka poʻe i kū hohonu.
ʻO nā kinikini nā ʻano perch, ʻo ia hoʻi, paʻakikī a me ke kui. Pinsal fins me 1 kuamoʻo a me 5 kukuna. Aia kahi ʻōiwi lōʻihi ma ka piko, e hoʻopōkole ana i nā kukuna ke iho i lalo. Noho ka fin dorsal i ka ʻāpana dorsal āpau o ke kino. ʻO ka fin he 11 spines a me 13-14 palupalu, ʻaʻole nā kukuna prickly. Hind, nā wili anal me 3 spines a me nā kukuna 11-12.
ʻO ka waihoʻoluʻu laulā o ke kino hinahina māmā me kahi ʻano sheen o nā unahi liʻiliʻi. ʻEleʻele ke kua, ventral, ʻaneʻane keʻokeʻo ke kino o lalo. Lahilahi ka laina pili, ʻike pono ʻia ma ke poʻo, ʻaneʻane nalo i ka hiʻu. I ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka laina ʻaoʻao, ma nā ʻaoʻao ʻelua o ke kino kahi kiko i hoʻohuehue ʻia.
ʻO ka ʻaoʻao mua o ke poʻo ke kēpau pouli i ke kala; kūʻē i kēia kāʻei kua, kū i waho kahi gula, kahi lōʻihi elongated, aia ma waena o nā maka iʻa. I nā ʻōpio, hōʻike nawaliwali kēia hoʻonaninani, pau loa paha ia. Holo kahi kaula i ka fin dorsal. Hiki ke ʻike ʻia nā laina lonikū longitudinal i ke kino holoʻokoʻa.
ʻO ka fin caudal ka hiʻohiʻona maʻamau, forked, i kapa ʻia e nā biologists he homocercal. Hoʻohālike ka huelo a me ka fin. ʻEʻeleʻele nā lobes fin, hoʻopuni ʻia ko lākou palena waho e kahi palena ʻaneʻane ʻeleʻele.
Nā ʻano
Dorado pili i ka genus o spars, a, i ka huli, pili i ka ʻohana spar, a i ʻole, e like me kā lākou e kapa pinepine ʻia nei, carp kai. He ʻano monotypic ʻo Dorado, ʻo ia hoʻi, ʻaʻohe ona subspecies.
Akā aia kekahi inoa inoa. Aia kekahi iʻa i kapa ʻia ʻo dorado. ʻO Salminus brasiliensis kona inoa ʻōnaehana, he lālā o ka ʻohana haracin. He wai hou ka iʻa, noho i nā muliwai ʻAmelika Hema: Parana, Orinoco, Paraguay a me nā mea ʻē aʻe.
Hoʻohui ʻia nā dorado ʻelua e ke kū ʻana o nā kiko gula i ke kala. Hoʻohui, nā iʻa ʻelua nā māka lawaiʻa. He hoihoi wale ka dorado ʻAmelika Hema i nā lawaiʻa amatir, ka ʻAkelanika - i nā mea haʻuki a me nā lawaiʻa.
Ka noho a me ka nohona
Dorado — he iʻa pelagic. Hoʻolālā ia i ka wai o ka salinity like ʻole a me ka luawai maikaʻi. Noho ʻo Dorado i kona ola ma luna o ka honua, i nā waha o ka muliwai, i nā loko kai paʻakai i ka paʻakai. Hoʻopili ka iʻa mākua i ka hohonu o kahi 30 m, akā hiki ke iho i 100-150 mau mika.
Manaʻo ʻia he alakaʻi ka iʻa i kahi nohona ʻāina, nohona noho. Akā ʻaʻole kēia he lula paʻa. ʻO ka neʻe ʻana o ka meaʻai mai ka moana ākea a hiki i nā kapakai o Sepania a me nā mokupuni ʻo Pelekane e kū nei i kēlā me kēia manawa. Lawe ʻia nā neʻe e hoʻokahi a i ʻole nā ʻohana hipa liʻiliʻi. Me ka hoʻomaka o ka hoʻoilo, hoʻi ka iʻa i nā wahi hohonu e makaʻu i nā mahana haʻahaʻa.
ʻO Alfred Edmund Brehm i loko o ka moʻolelo moʻolelo "The Life of Animals" i kuhikuhi ʻia i kona mau wā - nā Venetians - hānai ʻia dorado i nā loko iʻa nui. Ua hoʻoilina lākou i kēia hana mai ka poʻe Roma kahiko.
I ko mākou manawa, ka mahi ʻana o dorado, nā spars gula i nā mahi iʻa i lilo i wahi maʻamau. Hāʻawi kēia i nā kumu e ʻōlelo ai aia nā mea ulu i hana ʻia a ʻike ʻia i nā kūlana kūlohelohe ʻanoʻano dorado.
Ua ulu ʻo Golden Spar, aka Dorado, i kekahi mau ʻano. Me ke ʻano nui, mālama manuahi ʻia nā iʻa i loko o nā loko wai a me nā loko iʻa. Me ke ʻano mahi ulu semi-intensive, hoʻonoho ʻia nā mea hānai a me nā pā nui i nā kai kahakai. Hoʻopili nā ʻano hana nui i ke kūkulu ʻana i nā pahu wai i luna.
ʻOkoʻa loa kēia mau hana i nā kumukūʻai o ke kūkulu ʻana, ka mālama ʻana iʻa. Akā ʻo ke kumukūʻai o ka hana ʻana, i ka hopena, lilo i kaulike. ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana o kahi hana hana pilikino pili i nā kūlana kūloko a me nā kuʻuna. I Helene, no ka laʻana, hoʻokumu ʻia kahi ala hou aʻe i ka mālama manuahi ʻana o dorado.
ʻO ke ʻano nui o ka hopu ʻana iā dorado kokoke i ka lawaiʻa kuʻuna. Hoʻonoho ʻia nā pahele i nā ala hele neʻe iʻa. ʻO nā kāne male ʻōpio wale nō e hoʻoneʻe ʻia i ka ʻoihana, i hoʻokuʻu ʻia i ka nui i ke kai. Pono ke ʻano hana i nā koina pono liʻiliʻi, akā ʻaʻole hiki ke wānana pinepine ʻia nā hopena o ka iʻa iʻa.
I nā lagoons no ka mahi nui ʻana, ʻaʻole wale nā ʻōpio dorado, akā hoʻokuʻu pū ʻia nā pana o ka mullet, ke kai kai, a me nā puhi. Ke ulu nei ʻo Golden Spar i kāna nui kalepa mua o 350 g i 20 mau mahina. Ma kahi o 20-30% o ka iʻa i hoʻokuʻu ʻia e hoʻopili i kahi o ko lākou ola e hoʻomaka i kēia manawa āpau.
ʻO ka hana Dorado ma nā ʻike manuahi i hōʻea i 30-150 kg i ka hectare i kēlā me kēia makahiki a i ʻole 0.0025 kg i kēlā me kēia mika cubic. mika. I ka manawa like, ʻaʻole hānai hānai ʻia ka iʻa, hoʻolilo ʻia ke kālā i ka ulu wale ʻana wale nō. Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ka hana ākea me ka lawaiʻa dorado kuʻuna a me nā hana ʻē aʻe i ʻoi aku ka ikaika.
Me ke ʻano semi-intensive o ka hoʻoulu ʻana iā dorado, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka mālama kanaka i ka heluna kanaka ma mua o ka mālama manuahi ʻana. Aia nā koho i pili me ka hānai ʻana i nā ʻōpio i kahi mokuʻāina e hōʻemi i nā nalo a hoʻopōkole i ka manawa e hiki ai i ka nui o ka mākeke.
Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ia e mālama i ka iʻa i nā hīnaʻi nui ma ke kai ākea. I kēia hihia, hānai ʻia ka iʻa, a, i kekahi manawa, hāʻawi ʻia nā wahi o ka mālama iʻa me ka oxygen. Me kēia ʻano hana, ma kahi o 1 kg ka iʻa i kūʻai ʻia mai ke kiʻi ʻia mai hoʻokahi mika cubic o kahi o ka wai. ʻO ka nui o ka hana he 500-2500 kg i kēlā me kēia hectare i kēlā me kēia makahiki.
ʻO ka hana mahi mahi ikaika no Dorado e pili ana i kekahi mau hanana. ʻO ka mea mua, loaʻa nā ʻai mai ka caviar. I nā loko wai me kahi mahana o 18-26 ° C a me kahi iʻa o 15-45 kg i kēlā me kēia mika cubic. mika ka ʻai mua. Pau ke anuu mua ke hiki aku ka ʻōpio dorado i ke kaupaona o 5 g.
No ka hoʻoulu hou ʻana, hoʻoneʻe ʻia nā paʻa gula i nā wahi nui o ka hoʻopaʻa. Hiki i kēia ke lilo ma luna o ka honua, nā loko wai a i ʻole nā pahu lana e waiho ana ma ke kahakai kahakai, a i ʻole nā hale paʻa i hoʻonoho ʻia i ke kai.
ʻAe maikaʻi ʻo Dorado i ke ola lehulehu, no laila ke kiʻekiʻe o ka iʻa o kēia mau waihona. ʻO ka mea nui ka lawa o ka meaʻai a me ka oxygen. Ma lalo o ia mau ʻano, ulu ka dorado i 350-400 g i kēlā me kēia makahiki.
Loaʻa nā ʻano hana hoʻouluulu āpau no dorado i kā lākou mau pōmaikaʻi a me nā cons. Hoʻohana nā māla ʻoi loa i ke ʻano hana nui o ka hānai ʻana i ka iʻa i loko o nā pā kai i hoʻopohonu ʻia. I kēia hihia, ʻaʻohe koina no ka aeration, hoʻomaʻemaʻe a me ka pauma ʻana o ka wai e koi ʻia. ʻOiai ʻo ka nui o ka iʻa i loko o ka pā e pono e emi ma mua o kahi loko i loko.
ʻO ka mahele o ka hana ma waena o nā mahi iʻa i kū maʻamau. Hoʻomaka kekahi e loea i ka hana ʻana i nā ʻōpio, ʻo kekahi i ka mahi ʻana o spar gula i kahi kūʻai aku, kūleʻa kalepa, ʻo ia hoʻi, a hiki i ke kaupaona o 400 g. Hiki i Dorado ke ulu ʻoi aku ka nui - a i 10 a i ʻole 15 kg, akā ʻo ka iʻa nui ka mea e emi ai ka noi, manaʻo ʻia ka ʻiʻo liʻiliʻi. ʻono.
ʻAʻole hānai ʻia ʻo Dorado no 24 mau hola ma mua o kona hoʻouna ʻia aku no ke kūʻai aku. ʻAno maikaʻi ka iʻa pōloli i ka halihali a mālama i ko lākou helehelena hou i lōʻihi. Ma ke kahua o ka lawaiʻa, hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka iʻa: hemo a hemo nā mea ola ʻole. ʻO nā ʻano o ka hopu ʻana i kahi iʻa i hilinaʻi ʻia i ke ʻano o ka mālama ʻana. ʻO ka hōʻiliʻili pinepine ʻana i ka iʻa me ka ʻupena a i ʻole kahi kuʻina like o kahi trawl.
ʻO nā koina o ka mahi ʻana o Dorado he kiʻekiʻe loa. Kuhi kēlā me kēia kanaka ma ka liʻiliʻi he 1 euro. ʻAʻole i ʻoi aku ma mua o ke kumukūʻai nui o nā iʻa i hopu ʻia i ke ala maʻamau, kuʻuna, akā ua ʻōlelo ʻia e nā mea kūʻai kiʻekiʻe. No laila, i kekahi manawa dorado ulu ʻia e hōʻike ʻia me he iʻa i hopu ʻia i ke kai ākea.
Meaʻai kūpono
ʻIke ʻia ʻo Dorado ma nā wahi waiwai i nā crustacea liʻiliʻi, molluscs. ʻO lākou ka meaʻai nui o kēia iʻa kalaiwa. ʻO kahi o nā niho, i loaʻa i nā canine a me nā molara ikaika, e ʻae iā ʻoe e lālau i ka mea pio a haki i nā pūpū o ka ʻōpae, nā crustacea liʻiliʻi a me nā kūmole.
ʻAi ʻo Dorado i ka iʻa liʻiliʻi, kai invertebrates moana. Hōʻiliʻili ʻia nā mea kolo mai ka papa o ka wai, kiʻi ʻia nā hua i waena o nā limu, a ʻaʻole lākou e hōʻole i ka limu iā lākou iho. No ka hoʻoulu iʻa iʻa, hoʻohana ʻia ka hānai granulated maloʻo. Hana ʻia lākou ma ke kumu o ka soya, ʻai iʻa, ʻōpala hana iʻa.
ʻAʻole i koho nui ka iʻa e pili ana i ka meaʻai, akā mahalo ʻia e nā gourmets a pili i nā huahana gourmet. Hoʻokomo ʻia nā kīʻaha Dorado i ka papaʻai Mediterranean. Mahalo i ka haku mele dorado ʻono ʻaʻole wale he papaʻai akā he huahana lāʻau nō hoʻi.
100 g o ka spar gula (dorado) i loko o 94 kcal, 18 g protein, 3.2 g momona a ʻaʻole ka gram o nā goma. E like me ka nui o nā meaʻai i hoʻopili ʻia i ka papaʻai Mediterranean, hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻo Dorado i ke kiʻekiʻe o ke koko kolesterol, hoʻonui i ka elastis o nā aʻa, ʻo ia hoʻi, pale ʻo Dorado i ka atherosclerosis.
Hōʻike ʻia ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā pā mai kēia iʻa ke pono e hōʻemi i ka kaumaha. ʻO ka nui o ka pāhare potassium, ma waho o ka hoʻonāukiuki ʻana i ka hana o ka puʻuwai puʻuwai a hoʻēmi i ke kaomi, hoʻoulu i ka lolo, hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hoʻomanaʻo, a hoʻonui i ka ʻike.
ʻO ka iodine kahi ʻāpana o nā iʻa iʻa he nui; aia pū kekahi he nui ma dorado. ʻO ka thyroid gland, ka ʻōnaehana pale i ka laulā, ka metabolism, nā ami a me nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe o ke kino e ʻae i kēia mea me ka mahalo.
I kekahi manawa, ʻaʻole koi ʻia nā kiʻi ʻona culinary kūikawā e hoʻomākaukau i nā ipu mai ka spar gula. Ua lawa ia e lawe hoʻopiha o dorado a hoʻomoʻa ia i ka umu. Hiki i nā gourmets ke lawe i ka pilikia e kuke iā lākou iho a i ʻole ke kauoha, no ka laʻana, dorado i loko o ka pistachio crust a i ʻole dorado i hoʻowalewale ʻia i ka waina, a i ʻole dorado me ka meaʻai hollandaise, a pēlā aku.
ʻO ka hana hou a me ke ola o ke ola
ʻO Golden spar (dorado) i ka papa o kona ola ʻana hiki ke hoʻololi kūlohelohe i kāna kāne. Hānau ʻia ʻo Dorado ma ke ʻano he kāne. A alakaʻi ʻo ia i kahi ola o ke kāne. I ka makahiki 2, hānau hou ʻia nā kāne i wahine. ʻO ke gonad e hana e like me ka testis e lilo i ovaries.
ʻO ka pili ʻana i nā kāne ʻelua ʻaʻole maʻa mau i nā holoholona a me nā mea kanu. Hāpai nā iʻa āpau o ka ʻohana pālua i kēia hoʻolālā hoʻohua. Aia ma waena o lākou kekahi mau ʻano i loaʻa like i nā ʻano o nā kāne ʻelua.
Aia kekahi e hana mau i kekahi ʻano moekolohe. ʻO Dorado, ma muli o ka hoʻomaka o ke ola kāne a me ka hoʻomau o ka wahine, he poʻe pili i ka dichogamy e like me protandria.
I ka hāʻule, mai ʻOkakopa a Kekemapa, kau nā wahine wahine Dorado i 20,000 a 80,000 mau hua. ʻO ka caviar Dorado liʻiliʻi loa, ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku ma mua o 1 mm ke anawaena. Lōʻihi ka hoʻolālā Larval - ma kahi o 50 mau lā i ka mahana o 17-18 ° C. A laila aia kahi hoʻokuʻu nui o ka palai, ka hapanui o lākou e ʻai ʻia e nā mea ʻino kai.
I ka hānai hānai hānai, lawe pololei ʻia ka mea hānau hānau mai ke kūlohelohe. I nā kūlana o kēia manawa, mālama kēlā me kēia mahiʻai iʻa nui i kāna ohana ponoʻī - kahi kumu o nā hua manu a me ka ʻai.
Mālama kaʻawale ʻia nā pūʻā puaʻa; i ka hoʻomaka o ke kau hānau, hoʻoili ʻia ka hānau hānau ʻana ʻo Dorado i nā ipu huaʻai. ʻO ka mālama ʻana i nā kaulike kūpono o nā kāne a me nā wahine he paʻakikī loa ma muli o ka maʻamau o ka iʻa e hoʻololi i ka moekolohe.
Lawe ʻia ka iʻa i ka wā spawning e ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka mālamalama a me ka mālama ʻana i ka mahana e pono ai. Kū ka hoʻoponopono hou ʻana o ke kino i ka iʻa, me he mea lā ua hele kūlohelohe lākou i ka manawa o ka hānau ʻana.
Aia he ʻelua mau ʻōnaehana hoʻoulu no ka fry ʻo Dorado: i nā pahu wai liʻiliʻi a nui. Ke hoʻohua ʻia i loko o nā pahu liʻiliʻi, 150-200 hatch hry i 1 lita o ka wai ma muli o ke kaohi piha o ka maikaʻi o ka wai.
Ke kuʻi ʻia i loko o nā loko wai nui, ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku ma mua o 10 fry i hāhā ʻia i 1 lita o ka wai. ʻOi aku ka haʻahaʻa o ka hana o kēia ʻōnaehana, akā kokoke ke kaʻina i ka kūlohelohe, ʻo ia ke kumu i hānau ʻia ai nā ʻōpio ʻo Dorado ola.
Ma hope o 3-4 mau lā, hoʻopau ʻia nā ʻeke yolk o nā hui gula. Mākaukau ka palai no ka hānai. Hāʻawi pinepine ʻia ʻo Rotifers iā Dorado i hānau hou ʻia. Ma hope o 10-11 mau lā, hoʻohui ʻia ʻo Artemia i nā rotifers.
Ma mua o ka hānai ʻana i nā crustaceans e waiwai me nā mea lipid, nā momona momona, nā wikamina. Hoʻohui ʻia, hoʻohui ʻia nā microalgae i nā loko wai kahi e noho ai ka ʻai. Hana kēia i kahi ʻano maikaʻi no ka ulu ʻōpio. Ke hiki ʻoe i kahi kaupaona o 5-10 g, hoʻopau ka papa protein kiʻekiʻe.
Haʻalele ʻo Dorado fry i ka nursery i ka makahiki 45 mau makahiki. Lawe ʻia lākou i kahi wai ʻē aʻe, hoʻololi i kahi ʻōnaehana mana ʻokoʻa. Noho pinepine ka hānai ʻana, akā neʻe ka meaʻai i kahi ʻoihana, ʻano granular. Hoʻomaka ʻo Dorado e loaʻa ke kūlana mākeke.
Kumukūʻai
He iʻa maʻamau nā Golden Spar. ʻOi aku ka pipiʻi o ka hei me nā ʻupena a me nā ʻupena no ka likelika o ka dorado i ke ola a i ʻole i ke ola o kahi ʻohana liʻiliʻi ʻOi aku ka maʻalahi o ka iʻa iʻa i ka hānau ʻana Artific. Hoʻomaka ka hāʻule maoli o nā kumukūʻai i ka kenekulia 21 wale nō, me ka puka ʻana o nā mahi iʻa nui.
Hiki ke kūʻai ʻia ʻo Dorado ma ka mākeke ʻEulopa no 5.5 euro i kēlā me kēia kilokilo. Ma Rūsia, kokoke nā kumukūʻai no ka spar gula. Kūʻai kūʻai kumu kūʻai dorado mai ka 450 a i ka 600 a hiki i 700 rubles i kēlā me kēia kilogram.
