Ua lilo ke ola kai i hōʻailona o ka Arctic ʻoʻoleʻa. He paʻakikī ka nalowale ʻana o ka walrus nunui, maʻalahi e ʻike ʻia e kona mau ʻaoʻao weliweli. Ua unuhi maoli ʻia ka inoa o ka holoholona mai ka Helene - "kau ʻia ma nā niho." I ka hemisphere ʻākau, ʻo kēia mammal ka lunamakaʻāinana nui loa o nā pinnipeds.
Hōʻike a me nā hiʻohiʻona
Hoʻoweliweli ka holoholona kai i ka nui. ʻO ka hapa nui o nā walrus he 3.5 mau mika ka lōʻihi, akā aia kekahi mau mea i hiki i 5 mau mika. ʻOi aku ka haʻahaʻa o nā wahine - 2.7-3.7 m. ʻO ka nui o nā kānaka nunui he 1.5-2 tone. ʻO ka walrus ka hapakolu o ka māmā ma mua o ke kāne. I ke kaupaona, hoʻokūkū nā liona kai e noho ana ma Antarctica me nā walrus.
Uhi ʻia nā kupapaʻu holoholona nunui me ka ʻili maka me nā oho ʻeleʻele. Nalo mālie lākou, "kapa ʻole" ka poʻe kahiko. ʻO ka mānoanoa o ka ʻili he 4-8 cm, ʻo ka momona o ka momona ma lalo o ia a 15 cm. Loaʻa ka huelo i nā ʻano rudimentary.
Hoʻomaʻamaʻa iki ke kala ʻeleʻele o nā ʻōpio ʻōpio, ʻike ʻia kahi kala ʻulaʻula e ka ʻelemakule. Walrus keʻokeʻo - ʻaʻole kēia he subspecies hoʻokaʻawale, akā he kūlana manawa pōkole o ka holoholona, ke hele i loko o ka wai hau, ua haki nā kīʻaha koko ma lalo o ka ʻili, kahi e hoʻomālamalama ai ka helu nui o ka helu.
ʻOiai ko lākou nui nui, he palakiko nā walrus. He palupalu nā kāhola Callous. He hāmeʻa nā lālā hope, no laila neʻe wiwo ʻole ka holoholona. Hiki i nā Walrus ke hele wāwae ʻole e kolo i nā sila.
Hoʻomaopopo ʻia nā canine hoʻomohala ʻia o nā holoholona, kuhikuhi i lalo. Ke kaupaona nei kēlā me kēia mea ma kahi o 3-4 kg, ʻo 60-80 cm ka lōʻihi. Walrus fang pāʻani i kahi kuleana kaiaulu - nā mea nona ka lua o nā mea nui e hoʻomalu i ka hui. Hōʻike ka palapala noi pono iā ia iho i nā kaua me nā ʻenemi a me nā mea hoʻokūkū. Kōkua ke kākoʻo ma nā ʻiʻo i nā holoholona e puka i waho o ka lua a hiki i luna, e hana i nā puka i nā pele o ka hau.
Uhi ʻia ka waha o ka walrus me ka koholele. Ma ka lehelehe luna wale nō i hiki i 700 setae. ʻO ke kūlana kiʻekiʻe o ka lauoho e kōkua i nā walrus e ʻike i nā mollusc ma lalo o ka wai.
ʻAʻole ʻike ʻia nā maka o nā holoholona e ka hihi ʻoi loa. ʻO kahi ʻala maikaʻi loa e kōkua i ka hoʻokele maikaʻi ʻana i ka wai. ʻAʻohe auricle. ʻO nā ʻeke ʻāʻī kūikawā e ʻae i ka pilikua e hoʻololi i kahi lana e mālama ai i ka papa o ka waihona wai. Hoʻopiha ʻia me ka ea, pehu lākou e like me nā pōpō, e hiamoe nei ka holoholona. Hoʻopili hapa ʻia nā ʻeke puʻu i ka hana ʻana o nā leo.
ʻO ke ola o nā walrus, kūpaʻa i nā kūlana ʻoʻoleʻa o ka Arctic, pili i nā neʻe liʻiliʻi. Me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka hoʻoilo, neʻe lākou mai ka latitu ʻākau a hiki i ke kapakai hema o Alaska, a i ka Kamchatka Peninsula.
Manuahi nā heluna holoholona no nā expanses ʻākau. Ke kānalua inā ua hele walrus i ka Buke ʻula a ʻaʻole paha, ʻaʻole kūpono. ʻO ka nui o ka make mai ke ʻāhiu kiʻekiʻe ʻana. ʻO ka ʻimi ʻana i nā holoholona no ka hana ʻana i nā ʻili, nā ʻiʻo, nā momona, nā ʻauwi i pāpā lōʻihi ʻia.
ʻAe ʻia ka nui o ka lawaiʻa ʻana i nā lāhui ʻōiwi e ola ana i ka hana ʻana o kēia ʻano. I ka expartes arctic ākea, i ka hoʻohui me nā kānaka, he ʻenemi kūlohelohe ka mammal nunui - nā bea polar, nā kohola kohola.
Nāwaliwali nā kānaka a i ʻole nā keiki walrus e ʻike iā lākou iho ma ka ʻāina me ka mālama ʻole ʻia e lilo i poʻe hōʻino ʻia o nā bea polar. I ke ʻano kai, e paʻakikī ana ka hana ʻana o ka bea me lākou. ʻOiai ʻo ka holoholona pōloli ʻaʻole e ʻaʻa e hoʻouka i kahi walrus ikaika, i lilo ʻole ai i mea hōʻeha i ka hakakā.
Hoʻohana pinepine nā bea i ka maʻalea e lanakila i ka walrus ikaika. No laila, lūlū lākou i kekahi manawa i ka makaʻu i mea e ʻike ai i ka poʻe nāwaliwali a palupalu no ke kālā maʻalahi. Inā haʻalele mālie nā holoholona i ka rookery, a laila e waiho ka bea me ka ʻole o ka mea pio maikaʻi. Ke holo wikiwiki nā walrus i kahi predator keʻokeʻo, hiki iā ia ke hoʻi i hope me ka huhū ʻole, e ʻike nei he make nā ʻeha mai nā pilikana kai.
Ua ʻike ʻia kahi ala maalea loa e ka poʻe Eskimo. ʻO ke akamai o ka bea i hōʻike iā ia iho i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo ua loaʻa iā ia kahi walrus hiamoe a hoʻolei i kahi poloka hau i kona poʻo. ʻAʻole paʻakikī ia no ka mea ʻaihue e kū hou me ka mea pio.
Ma ka Pūnaewele hiki iā ʻoe ke loaʻa kiʻi o kahi walrus, e moe maluhia ana ma kahi o kahi bea kiki. ʻAʻole hōʻike nā holoholona hānai maikaʻi i ka huhū; makemake lākou e nānā i nā hoa hakakā ikaika a hiki i ka manawa kūpono kūpono.
Hoʻohālikelike ʻia kahi hoʻoweliweli koʻikoʻi i nā walrus e nā kohola kohola, ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o ka nui a me ka nui. ʻO nā āiwi ikaika, ʻoi aku ka ikaika o nā niho ʻoi aku ma mua o nā canine ikaika. Hāpai nā ʻāpana o nā kohola kohola i ke kahawai o nā walrus e wāwahi ai i mau ʻāpana, a laila hoʻouka lākou i nā holoholona a puni i kahi ʻano hoʻonohonoho. Walrus pakele ma ka holo wale i ka ʻāina.
Nā ʻano
Ma waena o nā walrus, aia ʻelua mau mea nui - Pacific a me ʻAkelanika. ʻO ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o ka walte ʻo Laptev he mea hoʻopaʻapaʻa. Noʻonoʻo ka poʻe loea, ma muli o ka noiʻi ʻana o DNA, ʻo ia ka heluna komohana o nā ʻĀpana Pākīpika.
Noho nā lunamaka Pākīpika i ka ʻaoʻao ʻākau o ka Hikina Loa. Loaʻa nā walrus nunui, he 2 mau tona ke kaupaona, aia ma ke Chukchi, ke kai ʻo Bering, ma ke kahakai ʻo Kamchatka, ʻĀkau. ʻO ka heluna kānaka ma kahi o 200 tausani mau kānaka.
ʻIke ʻia nā walrus ʻAkelanika ma ka ʻākau o Kanada, ma ke komohana o ka Russian Arctic, ma Greenland. ʻO nā Lunamakaʻāinana o nā ʻāpana i ka lawaiʻa kāohi ʻole ʻia ua aneane pau loa i ka hoʻopau ʻia. Walrus ʻAkelanika liʻiliʻi i ka nui a me ka helu. ʻAʻole komo ka heluna ma mua o 20 tausani mau kānaka. ʻO nā ʻāpana e pili ana i ka hōʻemi aia i ka Red Book.
ʻO ka helu o nā walrus Laptev he 5 mau tausani wale nō. Loaʻa iā ia kona inoa mai ka noho ʻana i ke kai Laptev. ʻO ka nui o nā holoholona he waena - ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi ma mua o ka Pākīpika a ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o nā ʻoihana ʻAkelanika.
Ka nohona a me ka nohona
Pili nui ke ola o nā holoholona kai me nā kapakai ʻākau o ʻEulopa, ʻAmelika ʻAkau, ʻAsia, a me nā mokupuni Arctic. Hoʻopuni lākou i ka Pole ʻĀkau i ke apo, mālama kokoke i ke kahakai, pale i nā wahi wai ākea, ka hau mau.
Noho ʻo Walrus i nā wahi pāpaʻu - kahi nohona ʻoluʻolu no nā mea hānai mamna pinniped. ʻO ka pae o nā walrus, ma muli o ka hōʻemi o ka helu, ua wāwahi ʻia i nā wahi kaʻawale. ʻO nā neʻe manawa i ka hema he liʻiliʻi a pōkole hoʻi.
He holoholona ʻo Walrus aloha Hoʻokumu nā mamala i nā kolone liʻiliʻi o 10-20 mau kānaka o nā lunamakaʻāinana heterosexual. ʻAʻohe hierarchy ʻoʻoleʻa i nā hui, hana maʻalahi nā lālā o ka ʻohana. Mālama mālie nā kāne mākaukau i nā holoholona ʻōpio me ka hōʻike ʻole ʻana i ka huhū.
Nui nā rookeries o nā pūʻulu o nā holoholona he mau haneli, i kekahi manawa he mau tausani, o nā walrus. Aia nā holoholona i kahi kokoke i kekahi. Kūkulu ʻia ka Crowding me ka noʻonoʻo ʻole, ʻaʻole no ka nele i ka hakahaka. Neʻe ke kaumaha ola ma muli o ka neʻe ʻana o nā holoholona i ka wai a me ke kua. Hoʻomaʻamaʻa maluhia nā kānaka pākahi, ʻoiai ʻike ʻia kekahi mau hakakā pinepine.
Kiaʻi ʻia ke koena o ka rookery e nā poʻe kiaʻi. ʻOiai holo pono ʻole nā maka i ka holoholona, ʻike mau ka honi i kahi hōʻailona e hoʻokokoke ana ke kanaka. Hoʻolaha lākou i ka hoʻoweliweli ma ka uwo ʻana, ke kīkē ʻana kekahi i kekahi.
ʻO ka lele ʻana o nā kupapaʻu nui i ka wai i kekahi manawa e pau me ka make ʻana o nā pēpē i waena o nā kino momona. ʻO nā keiki i hiki ke piʻi i ke kua o ko lākou mau makuahine e hoʻōla nei iā lākou iho. I kekahi manawa ʻoi aku ka ikaika o ka makaʻu ma mua o ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana o nā pūʻā. Maʻalahi ka poʻe i hōʻeha ʻia i nā bear polar. Hūnā ʻo Walrus ma lalo o ka wai, kahi e hiki ai iā lākou ke noho i waho o ka ea a hiki i 10 mau minuke, akā mākaukau lākou e ʻauʻau i ka lā holoʻokoʻa.
Ke hoʻololi nei nā holoholona i ke kai me ka pae ʻana i ka ʻāina, kahi e hoʻomaha ai e waiho kokoke ana i ka lihi o ka wai. Piʻi lākou i nā paepae hau pālahalaha, hilinaʻi i nā tusks ikaika. Hiki iā lākou ke hiamoe ma nā wahi āpau, ʻaʻole unsinkable ma muli o kahi mānoanoa o ka momona. Neʻe a ʻimi holoholona me nā holoholona holoʻokoʻa. Hōʻike ʻia ka launa ʻana i ke kākoʻo, kōkua i nā kānaka ʻē aʻe.
ʻAiʻai Pono
ʻIke ʻia ka meaʻai nui o nā walrus ma ka papakū - eia nā mollusks lamellar-gill. Kōkua ka vibrissae maʻalahi i ka maka o ka holoholona e hopu i ko lākou wahi. Me nā ʻāʻā, nā palule, nā kīpoki, wehe nā holoholona i ka lalo lepo, hoʻokuʻu i ka lepo, hāpai i nā ʻāpana o nā pūpū.
Hoʻopili ʻo ia iā lākou me nā peʻa i kāhea ʻia i naha ka iwi a pae i lalo. Hoʻopau ka holoholona i ke kino o nā mollusks me ka wai. Hiki mai ka saturation i ka manawa he 50 kg ka nui o nā meaʻai. He hopena maikaʻi ka wehe ʻana o ka lepo i ka kaiaolaola lalo - hana ia i nā kūlana maikaʻi no ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā meaola.
ʻAʻole lele hohonu nā Walrus i ka ʻimi ʻana i ka meaʻai, hānai lākou i nā wahi kai, ʻaʻole hohonu ma mua o 80 mika. Hāʻawi kahi papaʻai maʻalahi i nā holoholona ʻōpio e loaʻa koke ke kaupaona, kahi papa momona e pale aku i nā holoholona mai ka hypothermia, hoʻomaikaʻi i ka buoyancy.
ʻ waliwi kai ʻAi ia i nā ilo malalo, nā crustacea, nā kukama o ke kai, iʻa iʻa i kekahi manawa, i ke kālani, ke lawa ʻole ka meaʻai nui. ʻO nā holoholona pōloli i kekahi mau hihia e hoʻouka i nā sila, nā sila, nā narwhal, ʻoiai ʻaʻole kēia kahi ʻano hānai maʻamau. ʻAʻole hiki ke kanibalism i ʻano o nā holoholona. I waena o lākou iho, mālama nā walrus i ka pilina aloha, kū i luna e pale i ko lākou ʻohana, a mākaukau nā wahine e mōhai iā lākou iho no ka pono o kā lākou ʻōpio. Inā make ka walrus, a laila mālama nā wahine ʻē aʻe i nā keiki.
ʻO ka hana hou a me ke ola o ke ola
Hiki mua ke oʻo wahine i nā wahine - mākaukau lākou e hoa ma 4-6 mau makahiki. Ua lōʻihi ka lōʻihi o nā kāne, hoʻomaka e hōʻike i ka hoihoi i nā walrus i ka makahiki o ʻehiku, akā hoʻomaka i ka hānau ʻana ma hope - i ka makahiki 15. ʻO ke ʻano o nā keiki i ke ola o ka wahine i nā manawa o 3-4 mau makahiki. Wehe ke kau moʻo i ʻApelila - Mei mua. Hoʻololi nā holoholona oʻo kolohe i kā lākou hana, e hōʻike ana i ka hoihoi i kēlā me kēia kāne o ka wahine ʻē aʻe.
Ua lilo nā kāne kāne maluhia i mea hakakā i ka hakakā no ka maka o nā wahine. Aia nā hakakā ma waena o nā hoa paio, akā me ka ʻole o nā hopena pōʻino. Hiki i nā holoholona ke hōʻeha kekahi i kekahi me kā lākou mau niho ʻāʻī. ʻO ka ʻili mānoanoa a i 3-4 knm, kahi pale o ka momona e pale i nā ʻōpū o loko, no laila ke hana nei nā hakakā kāne me ka ʻole o nā hopena koʻikoʻi. ʻAʻole hoʻokūkū ʻo Walrus i ka ikaika wale nō, akā i ka mākau leo hoʻi, e paipai ana i nā wahine e hui me ka mea nui o lākou. Hana ʻia nā male male i ka wai.
ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka hānau ʻana he 330-370 mau lā, a ma kahi o 16 mau pule. ʻAʻole alualu ʻia nā wahine hāpai e nā kāne ʻē aʻe, neʻe palekana lākou ma waena o ka rookery. I ka manawa kūpono, hānau ʻia kahi keiki bipi, i kekahi manawa, hānau ʻia nā māhoe. Kaupaona ka pēpē ma kahi o 60 kg, ʻo ka lōʻihi o ke keiki hānau he 1 mika. Hiki i ka cub ke ʻauʻau mai ka manawa o ka hānau ʻana, no laila, inā pilikia, haʻalele ia i ka paila hau, lele i loko o ka wai me kona makuahine.
ʻO ka hānai ʻana i kahi pēpē me ka waiū o ka waiū he lōʻihi ka lōʻihi - a i 2 mau makahiki, ʻoiai e hoʻomaka ka hānai kōkua me ka meaʻai maʻamau i ka makahiki ʻeono. Hoʻomaka nā pēpē e ʻai ma o lākou wale nō ma hope o ka hoʻoikaika ʻana o nā ʻānai. I ka makahiki ʻekolu ua kūʻokoʻa lākou. ʻAʻole ʻae ka mālama ʻana i ka bipi keiki i nā bipi wahine hou no kekahi manawa. ʻO 5% wale nō o nā walrus e hāpai i ka makahiki e hiki mai ana inā lilo kā lākou keiki.
Mālama ka holoholona āpau i nā walrus ʻōpio. Uhi pilikino ʻole nā wahine i nā keiki me ko lākou mau kino, inā hoʻoweliweli ka makaʻu, mākaukau lākou e make, pale i nā pēpē. Walrus pēpē no ka pale a me ka maha, hiki ke piʻi i ke kua o nā mākua, palekana.
I ka nahelehele, mau ke ola o kahi walrus ma kahi o 30-35 mau makahiki. Ke ulu nei ka walrus no 20 mau makahiki. Aia kekahi mau mea ola lōʻihi i ka makahiki 40. ʻO nā kūlana ʻino o ka noho ʻana o ka Arctic, ka helehelena formidable o kahi mea ʻaihue ʻaʻole i hoʻonāukiuki i ka holoholona. Hōʻike ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana o nā walrus i ka laulima kūlike ʻole a me ka honua holoʻokoʻa o kēia mau holoholona.
