Kāmele holoholona kupaianaha a kū hoʻokahi ʻaʻole wale ma ka wahi noho akā akā i kekahi mau hiʻohiʻona. Hoʻololi maikaʻi ʻia ke Kāmelo e ola i nā wahi maloʻo a me nā wao akua, a hiki ke ola no kekahi mau lā me ka wai ʻole. Mālama ka poʻe neoneo i nā kāmelo ma kahi o nā holoholona no ka mea he waiwai nui lākou a hiki ke hāpai i nā ukana nui.
Hōʻike a me nā hiʻohiʻona
Kāmelo He holoholona nui e noho ana i nā wao nahele. Kaumaha loa ka holoholona a nui, no ka mea hiki ke hāpai i nā pahu kaumaha. Hiki i ke kāmelo makua ke kaumaha a hiki i ka hiku haneli kilokika. Kāmelo i ka wao nahele ola ma muli o ka puʻu - hoʻokahi a ʻelua paha, kahi e mālama ai i ka momona.
ʻO nā maka maka pāpālua a lōʻihi loa hoʻi, a me nā ihu ʻulupā, "slamming", pale aku i nā makani one kaha o ka wao akua. Pani paʻa loa lākou, e hāʻawi ana i ka pale mai ke one e komo ana i nā māmā i nā wā ʻino.
Kāmelo i ke kiʻi ʻaʻole paha he nui, akā ʻo kona ulu ʻana ma ka awelika hiki i ʻelua mau mika a ʻoi. Ma muli o nā mea ʻano pilikino o ka meaʻai, ua hele a wīwī loa nā lehelehe o ka holoholona - pono kēia i hiki i ke kāmelo ke ʻako i nā mea kanu ʻoʻoi a ʻai ʻia. Māhele ʻia ka lehelehe luna o ke kāmelo i ʻelua ʻāpana.
Hiki i ka holoholona ke iho i luna o ke one wela loa a moe ma luna o ia no kahi manawa lōʻihi. Kau ke kāmelo ma nā kuli koli a me nā kuʻe lima. He wāwae forked hoʻi kā ka holoholona a me kahi māiʻuʻu calloused.
Kūpono kēia kūkulu wāwae no kahi holoholona e noho ana i ka wao akua - hiki ke neʻe ʻaʻole wale ma ke one wale nō, akā ma nā ʻāina pōhaku hoʻi. Eia kekahi, he huelo liʻiliʻi ko ke kāmelo, ma kahi o ka hapalua mika, ma ka hopena kahi kahakai nui.
Nā ʻano
ʻElua ʻano nui o nā holoholona wao akua - hoʻokahi kāmelo puʻupuʻu (dromedar) a me kāmelo bactrian (bactrian).
Nā hiʻohiʻona hiwahiwa o Bactrian:
- ʻelua puʻupuʻu;
- ka uhi ʻana i ka hapa nui o ke kino me ka hulu hipa;
- kino nui;
- iwi iwi pokole a me nā kumu maka ākea;
- ʻūlū akā ʻāʻī pōkole;
- i kahi o nā forearms, ʻumiʻumi a me ke poʻo, lilo ka lauoho i stuster, e hana ana i kahi ʻano mane;
- wāwae pōkole.
Huluhulu kāmelo lahilahi, akā me ka huluhulu, e hiki ai i ka holoholona ke ola i nā wahi anuanu me ka ʻeha ʻole ʻia o ke anu a me ka wela. I nā Bactrians, ʻaʻole i hoʻopiha ʻia ka mamao ma waena o nā puʻupuʻu ʻelua me ka momona, a hoʻomāhuahua maikaʻi ʻole ʻia ka ʻāpana kapu o ke kino a me nā poʻohiwi. No nā kaʻa kaʻaahi, ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻololi ʻia nā Bactrians.
Nā hiʻohiʻona kikoʻī o dromedar:
- hoʻokahi puʻukū liʻiliʻi;
- ʻahu pokole;
- nā wāwae lōʻihi;
- iwi iwi loloa a me ka ʻaoʻao front convex;
- lawe lima, lahilahi nā lehelehe, pāpālina plump;
- kino liʻiliʻi;
- ʻāʻī lōʻihi a ʻāwīwī loa;
- ʻili lahilahi a me nā iwi māmā;
- hāpai keiki i ka wahine dromedaries ʻo ia he ʻekolu mau wiki ma mua o Bactrian.
Hoʻohui ʻia i ʻelua mau ʻano holoholona, aia kekahi mau subspecies - hānai ʻia nā hybrids ma nā wahi mauna.
Hybrids:
- ʻO Nar a me Nar - Mei (wahine). I ka helehelena e like loa me ka dromedar, akā elongated ko lākou puʻupuʻu. ʻOi aku ka nui o nā keiki a nā kāmelo ma mua o ko lākou mau mākua. ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona o ka Nara ka hiki ke hana hou, ʻaʻole ia he ʻano maʻamau no nā hybrids, akā ʻaʻole ola nā ʻōpio o kēia mau kāmelo, ʻeha loa lākou a nāwaliwali hoʻi.
- Iner He kino ikaika kona, ʻaʻahu maikaʻi a me ka puʻupuʻu lōʻihi, lōʻihi. Hāʻawi nā wahine i loko o ka waiū i ka nui o ka waiū.
- Jarbai. Kākaʻikahi loa kēia hybrid, no ka ʻeha a me ka nāwaliwali o nā keiki.
- ʻO Cospak. Hāpai nui, hāʻawi i ka nui o ka waiū.
- ʻO Kurt lāua ʻo Kurt - Nar. Kāmelo hano, hoʻokahi kāhuna. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka holoholona e nā forearms i hoʻohaʻahaʻa iki ʻia a me ka hana kiʻekiʻe o ka waiū momona momona.
- ʻO Kama, kahi hybrid ʻano ʻē, i ka hoʻokumu ʻia ʻana a lākou i hoʻohana ai ʻaʻole wale he kāmelo wale nō, akā, he holoholona ʻē aʻe hoʻi, e like me ke ʻano - he llama. I waho, like ke ʻano o kēia kāmelo me ka llama - ʻaʻohe ona puʻupuʻu a paʻakikī hoʻi i ka lauoho. Eia kekahi, hiki iā Kama ke hāpai i ka nui o ke kaupaona.
MA kaʻa kaʻa kamelo lawe pinepine lākou i nā holoholona ikaika a paʻa hoʻi, ʻaʻole maʻalahi e hāpai i nā ukana nui, akā hiki ke hele ma ke ala no ka manawa lōʻihi me ka hāʻule ʻole.
Ka nohona a me ka nohona
Noho noho kāmelo, akā neʻe mai kekahi ʻāina o ka wao akua i kahi ʻē aʻe. I loko o ia mau hoʻololi, pono lākou e lanakila i nā wahi lōʻihi a me nā ʻāina paʻakikī - nā wao akua, nā wahi pōhaku a me nā kuahiwi.
Wikiwiki Kamelo kiʻekiʻe ʻole, no laila neʻe lohi ka poʻe kaʻa hele wāwae. Akā inā ʻike lākou i kahi alualu a nānā paha, hiki iā lākou ke holo wikiwiki no kekahi mau lā, a hiki i ka luhi loa ʻana a manaʻo lākou ua waiho ʻia ka ʻenemi. ʻO ka pinepine, holo aku nā kāmelo mai ka uahi o nā ahi, nā tigika, nā ʻīlio hae.
Noho nā kāmelo i nā wahi maloʻo, akā neʻe kokoke i kekahi manawa i ka wai e hoʻopihapiha i nā lako wai. ʻAʻole hele auwana wale kēia mau holoholona; ʻo ka caravan a i ʻole ka hui e komo ana ma kahi o ʻelima, a ʻoi aku ka nui ma kahi o iwakālua mau kānaka. ʻO ke kāne nui ke alakaʻi no ka bipi holoʻokoʻa.
Hoʻoikaika nui nā holoholona i ke ao, a i ka pō hiamoe lākou, a i ʻole lilo i lethargic a palaualelo. Ke hiki i kahi makaniʻino i ka wao nahele, hiki i nā kāmelo ke moe no hoʻokahi lā holoʻokoʻa, a i ka wā e wela ai, hūnā lākou i nā awāwa a me nā kumu lāʻau, a i ʻole hele wāwae i ka makani e hoʻomaʻalili.
ʻAno wiwo ʻole nā Bactrians, akā mālie a kū ʻole hoʻi i ka poʻe. ʻO nā mea ʻē aʻe, nā kānaka hihiu, hiki ke weliweli.
He paʻakikī e kuhikuhi pono i kahi e noho ai nā kāmelo, ʻoiai he ākea loa ko lākou wahi noho. ʻAe ʻae ʻia i kēia mau holoholona e noho nui i nā wahi maloʻo, wao nahele. Eia nō naʻe, hiki iā ʻoe ke hālāwai me ke kāmelo ʻaʻole wale ma ka wao nahele, akā i ka wao akua hoʻi, a ma kahi kiʻekiʻe a ʻekolu tausani kilomita ke kiʻekiʻe o ka ʻilikai.
I nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ua hoʻemi nui ʻia nā kāmelo, a, no laila, ua emi ko lākou wahi noho. ʻO kēia ke kumu o ka loaʻa ʻana o nā kumuwaiwai āpau i ka wao nahele e kahi kāne, a nā kāmele ʻāhiu - haptagai, ma muli o kēia, ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻokokoke i ka waihona wai a hoʻopiha hou i kā lākou waihona.
Ua helu ʻia ke kāmelo bactrian i ka puke ʻula. Eia nō naʻe, i kēia lā hiki nō iā ʻoe ke ʻike i kēia mau holoholona i ka nāhelehele i nā wahi he nui:
- Kina - nā wahi maloʻo, nā wahi saline nui, e like me Lake Lop Nor;
- Monokolia;
- Waonahele ʻo Gobi - nā wahi ma ʻō aku o Altai.
Ma loko o ka honua, ʻehā mau wahi liʻiliʻi e hiki ai ke ʻike ʻia, kahi e noho ai ke kāmelo ʻāhiu. ʻO ka nohona o kēlā mau holoholona i hānai ʻia e ke kanaka he ākea loa ia.
Noho lākou i ka wao nahele a me nā wahi maloʻo o Algeria, ka Arabian Peninsula, ʻIrana a me nā ʻāina hikina ʻē aʻe. Noho pū nā Kāmelo ma nā mokupuni ʻo Canary, ʻInia a me ʻAukekulia. ʻO Bactrian, kahi kāmele bactrian hānai, noho nui ma Manchuria a ma nā ʻāpana o Asia Uuku.
Meaʻai kūpono
Ma nā mea e pili ana i ka meaʻai, he unpretentious loa nā kāmelo, no ka mea, ma ka wao akua he mea liʻiliʻi loa ka loaʻa ʻana o ka meaʻai a nā holoholona hihiu e ʻai nui ai. Ua maʻa ke Kāmelo i ka ʻai ʻana i nā mea kanu o nā ʻano like ʻole a me nā kala, a hiki iā lākou ke hele me ka ʻole o ka meaʻai no kekahi mau lā.
Hiki ke ʻai ʻia nā ʻano mea kanu e nā kāmelo.
- saxaul - nā lālā;
- mauʻu hou a maloʻo, wela;
- barnyard;
- lau poplar;
- kalaiwaa;
- kakalaioa kāmelo;
- laʻalāʻau.
Hiki i nā kāmelo ke ʻānai i ka meaʻai hiki ʻole ke ʻai - e laʻa me ke kākalaioa. Hoʻohui ʻia, hoʻoponopono kā lākou ʻōnaehana digestive i nā mea komo mai a hūnā i ka fiber nutrient.
Hoʻomaka ka holoholona e hoʻohana i nā lau poplar a me nā ʻohe ke kau ke anuanu i loko. I nā hihia maʻamau, ke anuanu loa, hiki i nā Bactrians ke ʻai i ka mea kanu wale nā mea kanu, akā i nā ʻili o nā holoholona make.
Eia kekahi, unpretentious nā kāmelo e pili ana i ka wai. No hoʻokahi pule a ʻoi aku paha, ʻaʻole pono ka holoholona e hoʻopiha hou i kāna mau waihona wai, ke pau ka ʻai i ka mauʻu hou. Akā ke hiki mai kahi pūnāwai ma ke ala, lawe ke kāmelo i kahi nui o ka wai - a 130 lita o ka wai. Ke ʻimi nei nā kāmelo kūloko i ka wai hou, a hiki i ka haptagai hihiu ke loaʻa me ka wai i loaʻa mai nā waihona wai paʻa.
ʻOkoʻa ka papaʻai o ka holoholona ma muli o kahi āu e noho ai. ʻO nā holoholona i hānai ʻia e nā kānaka, a ʻoi aku ka nui o nā mea kanu, hoʻomaka lākou e hoʻopau i kekahi ʻano o nā mea kanu a me nā huaʻai, a me ka silage a me ka palaoa.
He ʻōnaehana digestive hoʻomohala maikaʻi kā nā Kāmelo a hiki ke hoʻoponopono i nā meaʻai ʻoi loa. Pau ka ʻai i ka ʻai, hapalua ka ʻai, a laila kuha ʻia, a ma hope e hoʻomaka ka nau ʻana i ke kāmelo. Kuha ke kāmelo ʻaʻole nui ka lawai e like me nā huna o ka gum.
Manaʻo ʻia ʻoi aku ka wīwī o nā dromedaries i ka meaʻai - hiki ke ʻai wale i nā mea kanu, ʻoiai nā kāmele bactrian e hoʻopau i nā ʻili holoholona a me nā iwi i ke anuanu.
ʻAʻole pilikia ka pololi no kēia mau holoholona. I loko o ia mau manawa, hoʻonui nā holoholona i ke ola. No kahi holoholona makua, ʻo ka manawa hoʻokēʻai maʻamau ma kahi o 30 mau lā. I kēia mau manawa āpau, loaʻa i kona kino nā mea momona mai nā mālama i waiho ʻia i nā puʻupuʻu.
ʻO ka hana hou a me ke ola o ke ola
I ka wā o ka rut, i hoʻomaka i ka hāʻule, lilo nā kāne kāmelo i ka hana a me ka hakakā. Hiki iā lākou ke hōʻeha koʻikoʻi i kahi kanaka, ke kīkiʻi lākou, nahu a kani nui loa, a holo pū hoʻi mai kēlā ʻaoʻao a kēia ʻaoʻao. Hoʻopili ke Kāmelo me ka hakakā me ko lākou poʻe kūʻē mai, a make pinepine kekahi o lākou i ka make.
I nā caravans, i mea e pale aku ai i ka poʻe, ʻaʻahu lākou i nā kāʻei o ke kala huali ma ke kāmelo, e aʻoaʻo ana e pili ana i ka hoʻokūkū o ka holoholona, a i ʻole hoʻokau lākou i ke kāmelo ma kahi kaula. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia nā kāmelo hihi e ka hana kolohe loa i ko lākou ʻohana ponoʻī, akā mālama ʻia e nā kānaka.
Hiki iā lākou ke hoʻouka i ka pipi a lawe aku i mau wahine, akā ua hana ʻia kēia ma mua. I kēia lā e hoʻohana ka poʻe i nā mea pale.
Ma hope o ka pā ʻana o nā kāmelo, ua pā ka bipi keiki he ʻumikumamākolu mau mahina ma hope. ʻO ka hapanui pinepine, hiki i ka nui o ka hānau ʻana o ka bipi i kona piko i ka puna - i nā mahina mua a me ka lua. E like me nā giraffes, hānau nā kāmelo i kahi kūlana kū.
Nui loa ka pēpē i hānau ʻia - ʻo ke kaulike kaulike o kahi holoholona hānau hou ma kahi o 45 kilokilo. Ma hope o 2-3 mau hola mai ka manawa o ka hānau ʻana, ukali ka pēpē i ka makuahine me ka pā.
Hana ʻia ka hānai a 1,5 mau makahiki. Lilo nā kamelo i mau mākua wale nō ma hope o 3-5 mau makahiki mai ka manawa o ka hānau ʻana, a laila hoʻomaka ko lākou ʻōpio. I kēia lā he mea pono e hoʻonui i ka heluna kanaka o ka haptagai hihiu i ʻole e nalo kēia holoholona. Ma Mongolia a me Kina, ua hana ʻia nā wahi pale kūikawā no kēia a ke ana ʻia nei nā mea e hānai ʻia ai ka haptagai.
ʻO ka poʻe Bactrians, ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, ua lawelawe lōʻihi ʻia a ʻaʻole i hoʻoweliweli ʻia ko lākou heluna kanaka. Lawe kēia mau holoholona i nā keu pono he nui i ke kanaka, ʻaʻole lākou e hāpai i ka ukana ma luna o lākou iho, akā hāʻawi pū kekahi i ka waiū, ka ʻili a me kaʻiʻo. Hoʻohui, komo ʻo Bactrians i ka hana keaka.
He holoholona unpretentious loa ke kāmelo, hiki ke ola a i nā kūlana koʻikoʻi loa. ʻAʻole hiki iā ia ke hana me ka ʻole o ka meaʻai a me ka wai no ka manawa lōʻihi, akā hiki ke ola i nā ʻino o ke one ikaika loa, e hōʻemi ana i kāna hana a aneane ʻole.
