Honu manu pepeiao ʻulaʻula. Ka wehewehe, nā hiʻohiʻona, nā ʻano, ka nohona a me ka nohona

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I nā makahiki he nui i hala aku nei, ua hoʻomaka nā honu i kā lākou huakaʻi. Kokolo mālie lākou i loko o kēia manawa. I waena o nā mea e kū nei, Honu manu pepeiao ʻulaʻula ʻO ia kekahi o nā manu kuhukukū kaulana loa. Ua hoʻohuli ʻia ka inoa e ka hiʻohiʻona o kekahi o nā mea kōkua: he ʻulaʻula kona mau kiko ma ke poʻo ma hope o nā maka.

Hōʻike a me nā hiʻohiʻona

He kuʻuna ke ʻano o ke kino o kēia mau mea kolo. Honu manu kuhukukū pepeiao - he kūkulu ʻāpana ʻelua kēia: carpax (mahele kiʻekiʻe) a me plastron (ʻaoʻao haʻahaʻa). ʻO ka lōʻihi maʻamau o kahi carapace he 15-25 kenimika. I kekahi mau hihia, hiki ke piʻi i 40 kenimika.

Aia nā scute neural ma kāna laina vertebral. ʻO kahi ʻanuʻu ma lalo nei he papa pleura a kumu kūʻai paha. ʻO ka lihi, waiho ʻia nā tile tile ma ka lihi o ka pū. ʻO convex iki ke ʻano holoʻokoʻa, me ka oval ma ke kumu. ʻIke keel i nā ʻōpio.

Hoʻololi ke kala o ka carapace me ka makahiki. I nā honu ʻōpio, he ʻōmaʻomaʻo ke kala nui. Ke ulu a makua, pouli ke kala e paʻa nei. I ka hopena hope loa, lawe ia i kahi malu ʻoliva me ka hoʻohui o ka brown. Hoʻopili ʻia nā lauana o nā kaha melemele ma ke kumu nui. ʻEleʻele ka plastron, me nā kuina melemele a me nā kala melemele. Hiki ke wehewehe ʻia ke kala o ka honu me he camouflage hanohano.

ʻO ke poʻo, nā paws, ka huelo hiki ke hoʻopau loa ʻia ma lalo o ka pale o ka pūpū. ʻO nā kiko ma ke poʻo, ka mea i hāʻawi i ka inoa o ka honu, ʻaʻole hiki ke ʻulaʻula wale nō, akā melemele nō hoʻi. Lilo lākou i ko lākou kala me ka makahiki. Hiki iā lākou ke nalo pau loa.

Ma kahi o kahi mau pepeiao, he pepeiao waena ko ka honu, i uhi ʻia me ka disc tympanic cartilaginous (eardrum), kahi e hiki ai ke kiʻi pono i nā kani nāwaliwali. Pēlā e hana ai ka mea kōkua pepeiao i nā mea kolo he nui.

Ka iwi poʻo honu ʻulaʻula, ʻo ka iwi kuamoo, ʻaʻohe hiʻohiʻona kikoʻī nā iwi iwi ʻē aʻe. ʻAʻole kumu nā ʻōnaehana kūloko. He paʻakikī ka nānā ʻana i ka dimorphism moekolohe. ʻAʻohe ʻano ʻokoʻa i nā honu ʻōpio. I nā kāne makua, ʻoi aku ka ikaika o nā māiʻu o mua ma mua o ka wahine. Mānoanoa ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o ka huelo.

Hoʻonui ʻia ka wehe ʻana o ka ʻahuʻula ma waho o ka lihi o ka pūpū. ʻĀwī iki ke ʻano o ka plastron. ʻAe kēia mau hiʻohiʻona anatomical i nā kāne e paʻa i ka hoa kāne a hoʻoikaika i ka hānau ʻana.

Nā ʻano

Ua wehewehe nā ʻepekema i 13 mau ʻāpana, akā ʻekolu mau mea i aʻo maikaʻi ʻia.

1. ʻO nā lālā nominative ka honu melemele-bellied. Noho ʻo ia ma ka hema hikina o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa mai Florida a Virginia. Noho i nā kahawai sluggish, bogs, nā loko iʻa a me nā wahi i kahe ʻia. ʻO kāna inoa Lākia ʻo Trachemys scripta scripta.

Ka honu ʻulaʻula pepeiao ʻo Kimberland

2. Ua kapa ʻia nā ʻāpana like ʻole e like me ka ʻāpana holoʻokoʻa. honu pepeiao ʻulaʻula, kiʻi ʻia ʻike pinepine ʻia ʻo ia. Kāhea nā ʻepekema iā ia ʻo Trachemys scripta elegans. ʻO ka wahi o ka hoʻokaʻawale mua ʻana ka wahi o ka muliwai ʻo Misisipi. Makemake i nā wai mehana a me ka mālie i uhi ʻia me nā mea kanu like ʻole. Pono e huli ka ʻilikai i mau panakū malū e hōʻoia i ka puka ʻana o nā honu e pae.

3. Honu Cumberland. Hele mai ia mai ka moku ʻo Cumberland River, ma nā mokuʻāina ʻo Kentucky a me Tennessee. Akā hiki ke loaʻa ma Alabama, Keokia a me ʻIlinoi. ʻO nā lau nahele a me nā wai kūpalu kahi noho punahele. Pili ka inoa ʻepekema me ka inoa o ka naturalist Gerard Trost - Trachemys scripta troostii.

Ka honu scripta troostii manu kuhukukū pepeiao ʻulaʻula

Ma muli o ka hoʻopili ʻia o nā ʻāpana hāʻawi a ʻaʻohe ona palena kūlohelohe, aia kekahi e kau nei i nā hōʻailona o nā ʻāpana like ʻole.

Ka nohona a me ka nohona

Ma muli o ka ʻiʻini kūlohelohe e huakaʻi, ma muli o nā hana kalepa manaʻo ʻole o ka poʻe, hiki ke loaʻa ka honu ʻulaʻula pepeiao mamao loa mai kona ʻāina hānau.

Hoʻopaʻa ia i nā wahi noho hou. Ka mea pau ʻole ke ʻano no nā mea kolo. ʻO nā hoʻāʻo e noho i nā panalāʻau i hoʻonohonoho ʻole ʻia i mua aia kā lākou pros a me cons. Hiki i nā Expatriates ke hoʻokaʻawale i ka moʻomeheu o ko lākou homeland hou, a i ʻole hiki iā lākou ke hoʻonāukiuki i ke kaulike biology. Hahai ʻia kēia ma muli o kahi pōʻino kūlohelohe nui a liʻiliʻi paha.

I ke kenekulia i hala, neʻe akula nā manu kuhukukū pepeiao i Eurasia. Ua ʻike mua ʻia lākou i loko o ka ʻIseraʻela. A laila komo nā mea kolo i ka hema o ʻEulopa. Mai Sepania a me Palani lākou i hele mai ai i ʻEnelani a me waena o ʻEulopa.

ʻO ka hana hou aʻe ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka Hikina ʻEulopa. I kēia manawa hiki ke loaʻa iā lākou ma Lūkia. ʻAʻole wale ma nā wahi hema, akā kokoke pū nō hoʻi iā Moscow. I ka manawa like, ke kamaʻilio nei mākou e pili ana i ke ola i nā kūlana o nā hau Lūkini, ʻaʻole no ke ola manu kuhukukū pepeiao ʻulaʻula ma ka home.

Me ke kōkua o ke kanaka, kolo nā mea kolo i ka moana. Ua hōʻea lākou i Australia. Ua pilikia nui ke kaiaolaola ʻokoʻa o ka ʻāina. Ua hoʻolaha ʻia nā holoholona he pest.

ʻO nā kumu o ka invasiveness:

  1. Ka hoʻoneʻe kiʻekiʻe o kēia nā mea kolo. Noho honu lākou, akā neʻe me ka makemake a me ka wikiwiki. I ke ao, hiki iā lākou ke uhi i nā mile he nui.
  2. ʻO Omnivorous. ʻO ke kumu o ka papa kuhikuhi nā mea kanu wai, akā hele kekahi mea ola i loko o ka meaʻai, inā hiki ke hopu a mālama ʻia.
  3. Hana ka mākau me ka ʻole o ka ea no nā mahina. ʻO kēia ʻano, kū hoʻokahi no ka vertebrates, hiki ke hoʻomanawanui i nā hoʻoilo ma ke kanu ʻana iā ia iho i ka lepo i lalo o ka waihona.
  4. ʻO nā honu he holoholona synatropic. Hiki iā lākou ke ola a hana hou i kahi kaiaulu i hana ʻia e ke kanaka. I nā loko iʻa, nā loko iʻa a me nā ʻauwaha.
  5. ʻO kekahi kumu no ka hauʻoli o ka poʻe i ka mālama ʻana i kēia mau mea kolo i ka home. Ua hoʻomaka kā lākou hanau hānau e loaʻa kālā.

I nā wahi o ka noho mau, alakaʻi nā holoholona i kahi nohona maʻamau no nā honu wai hou. Ma nā mahana ma luna o 18 ° C, hānai lākou. Makemake lākou e hoʻomehana i ka hele ʻana i uka, e piʻi ana i ka pōhaku kahakai a i ʻole kahi lāʻau i hina. I ka manawa like, nānā mau lākou i ke kūlana. I ka hihia o ka weliweli, neʻe koke lākou i loko o ka wai. Ua hānau kēia paheʻe i ka slider inoa Pelekane.

He wā hoihoi ʻo Wintering i ke ola o nā kuhukukū. Ke hāʻule ke ana wela, hāʻule lākou i kahi mokuʻāina e like me ka hoʻolōʻihi ʻia. Akā ʻaʻole kēia he hibernation (hibernation) i kona ʻano maʻemaʻe, akā kona ʻano. Aia ia i ka hoʻemi ʻana i ka hana i kahi liʻiliʻi a kapa ʻia ʻo brumation.

I ka latitu waena ma ʻOkakopa, ke iho ka mahana i lalo o 10 ° C, hele a manō ka holoholona. I kēia mokuʻāina, noho lākou ma ka lalo o ka mānoanoa o ka silt, i nā niches ma lalo o ke kahakai, i nā kumu lāʻau hollow. I loko o kahi mokuāhana, ʻaʻole hanu paha ka honu no kekahi mau pule. Hana ʻia nā hana Anaerobic i loko o ke kino, hāʻule nui ka nui o ka metabolic, hāʻule ka helu o ka puʻuwai, kū ka hana nui kokoke i ka ʻole.

Ke piʻi kūmahana ka manawa, hiki i nā honu ke ala aʻe mai kā lākou torpor a lana e hanu a hānai. ʻO ia hoʻi, ua ʻike ʻia kahi puka pōkole mai ke ʻano hāmeʻa i kau ʻia. I ka puna, ke piʻi aʻe ka mahana o ka mahana a mehana ka wai a hiki i ka 12 ° C a i luna, hoʻi kahi hoʻi i ke ola hana.

ʻO kēia ke ʻano o nā honu i nā wahi me ka hoʻoilo anuanu. Inā ʻaʻohe mau paʻalulu anu kau, a i ʻole mālama ʻana i nā kuhukukū pepeiao ʻulaʻula kū i nā kūlana maʻamau - ʻaʻole kū ka hibernation.

Meaʻai kūpono

Omnivorous nā honu wai hou. I ka wā ulu, hoʻopau lākou i nā meaʻai protein. ʻO kēia nā tadpoles liʻiliʻi, nā arthropods, nā iʻa o kahi kūpono kūpono. Me ka makahiki, hoʻomaka ka meaʻai vegetative i ka papaʻai, kahi e hoʻopili ai i ka hapa nui o nā ʻano mea kanu o ka ʻāina. Hiki i ka Omnivorousness ke hoʻohuli i ka flora a me nā holoholona o nā ʻāina i noho ʻia e nā kuhukukū. Ma Auseteralia, hoʻopiʻi ʻia lākou no ka luku ʻia ʻana o kekahi ʻano rana laha ʻole.

ʻAi ka honu pepeiao ʻulaʻula

ʻO ka hana hou a me ke ola o ke ola

Mākaukau nā honu no ka hana hou ʻana e 6-8 mau makahiki. ʻO ka poʻe e ulu i nā kūlana civila ʻoi aku ka wikiwiki. I ka makahiki 4, ua mākaukau lākou e kope. ʻO ka wā hānau ma ka Hemisphere ʻĀkau mai ka wanaʻao a hiki i ke kau waena. Ke mālama ʻia i loko o ka hale, mau ka makahiki male i ka makahiki holoʻokoʻa.

Hoʻomaka nā kāne e ʻimi i nā wahine i makemake i ka pānaʻi. Lele lākou a puni ka mea i wae ʻia. Huli i kona alo. Hoʻomaka e hoʻoluliluli i nā paws mua i mua o kona poʻo. Me he mea lā ke hoʻāʻo nei ke kāne e ʻānai i kona mau papalina a nuku.

E hōʻole ʻia paha ka cavalier. I kēia hihia, hana kolohe ka wahine a hiki ke nahu i ka mea noi no ka hoʻopili ʻana. Ka wahine, aia no ka moena, poho iho i lalo, kahi e hui ai ka lua. Hoʻokahi hola paha ka lōʻihi o ka lawena. He 10-15 mau minuke ka lōʻihi o ke kope ʻana.

Ke mālama ʻia i loko o ka aquarium, hiki i kahi kāne ke hōʻike i kāna mau manaʻo i mua o kahi kāne ʻē aʻe. Pēlā e hōʻike ai i ke kūlana koʻikoʻi o ke kanaka. Hiki i nā manu kuhukukū ʻōpio, ka mea hiki ʻole ke hoʻomau i ka heihei, ke mālama, akā pau ka make ʻana o kā lākou pāʻani pāʻani ʻana.

Ma hope o kekahi mau lā, hoʻomaka ka honu wahine e hoʻonui i ka manawa ma ka ʻāina. Nānā i ka wahi kai a me ka maikaʻi o ka lepo, e ʻānai iā ia me nā wāwae. Ke mākaukau e hoʻomoe i nā hua, ʻeli ʻo ia i kahi lua 20-25 kenimika hohonu a me ke anawaena like. 8-12 i kekahi manawa hoʻomoe ʻia he 20 mau hua i ka pūnana. Kanu koke ʻia ka pōhaku. ʻAʻole hoʻi ka wahine i kēia wahi.

Hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia nā hua i ka kau ʻana. Mālama ka wahine i nā gametes kāne hiki ke ola. Hiki i kēia ke hoʻomoe i nā hua momona i nā kau aʻe, ʻoiai ke loaʻa ʻole o ke kamaʻilio me ke kāne.

Hoʻopau ka hoʻoulu ʻana i 3-5 mau mahina. Hoʻopilikia ka mahana o ka lepo i ka moekolohe o ka pua. Hānau nā wahine i kahi pūnana mahana (ma luna o 30 ° C). Loaʻa nā kāne ma nā mahana haʻahaʻa. Ke waiho ka mahana i loko o ka pūnana ma lalo o 22 ° C, make nā embryos. ʻO nā honu i make ʻole i ka makahiki mua o ke ola e loaʻa nā manawa āpau e noho no 20-30 mau makahiki. Hiki i ka mālama Aquarium ke hoʻolōʻihi i ko lākou ola a 40 mau makahiki.

Kumukūʻai

I ke kenekulia i hala, mahalo ka poʻe kalepa i ka makemake o ka poʻe e mālama i kēia mau holoholona i ka home. A i ko lākou homeland, ma USA, ua hana ʻia nā mahiʻai holoʻokoʻa e hānai i honu ʻōpio. I kēia manawa ʻaʻole hana nā ʻoihana like ʻole ma waho wale nō.

ʻO nā kikoʻī hoʻonaninani, maʻalahi o ka mālama ʻana a me ke kumu kūʻai kumukūʻai ua hoʻolilo kēia mau mea kolo i hoʻokahi o nā holoholona nui i kūʻai nui ʻia. He maʻalahi nā lula no ke koho ʻana i kahi honu. Ua lawa ka nānā pono ʻana i waho. ʻAʻohe kīnā o ka pūpū o kahi honu olakino, nā ʻalā, nā aʻa a me nā māwae. E laumania a paʻa hoʻi.

Neʻe ʻino kahi honu maikaʻi, ʻoiai e ʻauʻau ana, mai hāʻule i kona ʻaoʻao, ʻaʻohe kiko keʻokeʻo ma kona mau wāwae a me ka waha, a manu kuhukukū pepeiao ʻulaʻula ʻaʻole i uhi ʻia me kahi kiʻi ʻāpua. Kūpono ke kumukūʻai o ka bug. Pili nā kumukūʻai nui i ke kūʻai ʻana i kahi aquarium a i ʻole terrarium, ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana o kahi hale honu, ke kūʻai ʻana i nā meaʻai kūpono.

Mālama a mālama ma ka home

ʻOiai ka ʻoiaʻiʻo ma ka homeland kumu ʻai nā honu pepeiao ʻulaʻula, a hoʻohana ʻia kā lākou mau hua manu i maunu no ka lawaiʻa ʻana, mālama ʻia lākou ma ka home me he mau holoholona hoʻonaninani lā.

Hoʻohana ʻia nā aquarium ma ke ʻano he hale nui, a ʻo ka nui e koi ʻia ana he 150-200 liters ia. Akā hiki i nā pūnana (ke kapa ʻia nā honu ʻōpio) i kahi aquarium 50-lita.

Ninini ʻia ka wai hou i loko o ka aquarium. ʻO ka hopena acid medium (PH 6.5 a 7.5). Kūpono ka wai piula maʻamau, i ʻae ʻia e kū no hoʻokahi lā. No ka mālama ʻana i ka mahana o ka wai i koi ʻia, hoʻonoho ʻia kahi hoʻomehana. Paipai ʻia e hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ka mahana o ka wai i 18 ° C i ka hoʻoilo, e mālama ma kahi o 22-24 ° C i ka puna a me ke kau, a hoʻonui iā ia i 28 ° C i ke kauwela.

Ma waho o ka mālama ʻana i ka mahana, koi ʻia ka mālama ʻana i ka maʻemaʻe. Kūpono kahi kānana aquarium no ka hemo ʻana i nā ʻōpala. E lako ka lako o ka wai noho. Mai kēlā manawa kēia manawa pono e hoʻopiha hou i ka wahi o ka honu wai. Lawe ʻia ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe me ka hoʻohana ʻole ʻia o nā kemika e ka lawe maʻalahi ʻana i ka lepo me kahi scraper a palaki paha.

Hoʻonohonoho ʻia kahi ʻāpana sushi i ka aquarium. Lawe ʻia i ka hapakolu o ka nui o ka leo. Loaʻa iā ia kahi pali mālie i loko o ka wai. Kūkulu kūʻokoʻa ʻia ka ʻāpana onshore a i kūʻai ʻia kahi kūkulu mākaukau. I kēia ala anā aquarium no nā kuhukukū pepeiao ʻulaʻula e hoʻolilo i aquaterrariums.

Hoʻokomo ʻia kahi kukui uila 60-watt ma uka o ke kai. ʻO kēia kahi mea hoʻomehana hou a me nā kumu kukui. No ka hoʻohālikelike piha ʻana i nā kukuna o ka lā, hoʻohui ʻia kahi kukui UVB 5% UV i ke kukui kukui. Hoʻokomo ʻia nā Illuminator i kahi kiʻekiʻe ma ka liʻiliʻi he 25 mau kenimika i ʻole e wela ka holoholona.

ʻO ke aupuni māmā, e like me ke ʻano o ke ana wela, e pono e hoʻololi ʻia e pili ana i ka wā. I ka hoʻoilo, mālama mau ʻia nā kukui a ʻoi aku ma mua o 8 mau hola, i ka puna a me ke kauwela hāʻawi ʻia nā hola kukuna he 10 mau hola, i ke kauwela hiki kēia kiʻi i 12 mau hola.

Hiki ke hoʻohana i ka meaʻai maoli i mea hānai holoholona. Hiki i nā meaʻai Protein ke komo i nā iʻa muliwai, hāʻawi ʻia ʻia me ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻole ʻia. Makemake nā honu i nā nīnū, nā nalo, nā ʻūhini. ʻO Mealworm, kahi meaʻai ola ʻē aʻe mai ka hale kūʻai holoholona, ​​hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia ma ka papa kuhikuhi o nā holoholona.

Lanakila ke kinona protein i ka papaʻai o nā honu ʻōpio. Me ka makahiki, hoʻoneʻe ʻia ke koʻikoʻi i nā mea kanu mea kanu. Hiki ihānai i ka honu pepeiao ʻulaʻula nā hua, nā hua ʻai, nā ʻāpana o nā hua a me nā mea kanu like ʻole. Pono pono nā greens waiwai waiwai no ka ola maʻamau o ka mea kolo.

Ma ke ʻano he papa hana nutritional koho, hiki iā ʻoe ke koho i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā meaʻai i hoʻomākaukau ʻia i hoʻolālā ʻia no nā kuhukukū o nā ʻano āpau a me nā makahiki āpau. He waiwai kupaianaha kā lākou: ʻaʻole lākou e hoʻohaumia i ka wai.

Akā hiki iā lākou ke hōʻole ʻia e ka honu, ʻaʻole ia e hana ʻia me ka meaʻai maoli. I ke ola maoli, hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ka hānai hui. Hoʻomākaukau kūʻokoʻa ʻia kekahi o nā meaʻai, kekahi e like me nā huahana ʻoihana loea.

Ke mālama nei i kahi kuhukukū pepeiao ʻulaʻula, i waena o nā mea ʻē aʻe, e komo pū me ka hele wāwae. I ke kau mahana, inā hiki, lawe ʻia lākou i waho i ke alanui. ʻElua mau lula e ukali ai. ʻO ka mea mua: ʻaʻole pono ka mahana o ka lewa ma lalo o 20 ° C. ʻO ka lua: ʻaʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke waiho i nā mea kolo ke nānā ʻole ʻia. Hiki i nā kuhukukū pepeiao ʻulaʻula ke hoʻomaopopo koke i ko lākou auwana.

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