Hōʻike a me nā hiʻohiʻona
Nutcracker - He lunamakaʻāinana kēia o ka ʻohana corvid, kahi manu liʻiliʻi, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi i ka jackdaw, aia ke kaumaha ma ka awelika 150 g. Akā kū hoʻokahi kāna hana nui a hāʻawi nui i ka ulu a hoʻolaha ʻana o nā lāʻau kedera a me nā wōnati. No laila, he nui maoli kāna hāʻawi ʻana i ke kaiaolaola.
ʻO ke kino o kēia mea ʻēheu ma kahi o 30 cm ka lōʻihi. ʻO ke kumu nui o kona hulu ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele-ʻeleʻele, i kikokiko ʻia me nā kaha keʻokeʻo he nui. ʻO ka nū o kēlā manu a me ke kua o nā ʻeheu ʻeleʻele, e like me ka huelo me kahi wili keʻokeʻo, nona ka lōʻihi ma kahi o 11 cm.
Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka wahine mai ke kāne kāne e ke ʻano indistinct o nā keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo a me ka māmā, a me ke kala puʻupuʻu o ka hulu, no ka mea maʻamau ʻo ia e hui me nā wahi a puni e aneane pau loa.
He paʻakikī loa e hoʻokaʻawale i ka wahine mai ka male nutcracker, ka motley plumage ma ka umauma o ka wahine e hui iki.
ʻO kēlā mau mea ʻēheu, ma ke ʻano he loina, e walaʻau i ke ʻano. Akā ka leo o ka nutcracker ʻokoʻa nā kani e like me ke ʻano, kona ʻano a me ke kau. I ka hihia o ka makaʻu, hoʻopuka hou ia i ka kani ʻana o nā leo nui e like me "carr-carr".
E hoʻolohe i ka leo o ka nutcracker
ʻO ka manawa pinepine, ʻike ʻia ke mele ʻana o kēia mau mea liʻiliʻi he euphonic a ʻano like me nā ʻano mele pōkole o kahi nightjar, i kekahi manawa lohe ʻia kekahi mea e like me "kip", "kev" a me "tuu". I ka hoʻoilo, hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā ʻahamele o kēia mau manu e ka palupalu o ka ʻūwī ʻana, a me ke ʻano o ke kaniʻuhū ʻana, ka ʻā ʻana, ke kaomi ʻana i nā leo mele
Nui loa ka laulā o kēia mau manu. Ma Eurasia, noho lākou i nā ululāʻau taiga a hāʻawi ʻia mai Scandinavia a i nā palena hikina o ka ʻāina nui, ʻoiai lākou e noho nei ma nā mokupuni ʻo Kuril a me Iapana.
Nā ʻano
ʻO ka genus i kapa ʻia ʻo nutcracker ʻaʻohe nui, ʻelua wale nō ʻano. ʻO ka mea mua o lākou, e noho ana i ka panalāʻau o Eurasia, ua hōʻike ʻia ma luna. A ʻike maopopo ʻia nā hiʻohiʻona o ka helehelena o nā manu kiʻi ʻia nā nutcrackers.
ʻO ka inoa o ka lua: ʻo ʻAmelike ʻĀkau ʻAmelika. Loaʻa kēlā mau manu i nā Cordeliers. Ua like lākou me ka nui o ko lākou ʻohana mai nā ʻano ma mua, akā hiki ke liʻiliʻi iki. Eia kekahi, ʻokoʻa ke kala o kā lākou plumage. ʻO kona kumu kumu hina-lehu, a ʻeleʻele ke kua o nā ʻeheu me nā wahi keʻokeʻo.
He wāwae ʻeleʻele ko ka manu a nuku. Noho nā lālā o ke aupuni hulu i nā ulu lāʻau pine. ʻAʻole hoʻoweliweli ʻia nā Lunamakaʻāinana o nā ʻano ʻelua o ka genus nutcracker me ka luku ʻia, ua manaʻo ʻia he kūpaʻa kā lākou helu, a nui ka heluna kanaka.
Kuksha - manu, nutcracker... ʻO ia nō kekahi kamaʻāina taiga a no ka ʻohana corvids kekahi. Pili like kēia mau manu i ka nui a me nā kaulike o ke kino. Akā ʻokoʻa ka waihoʻoluʻu o ka hulu o ke kuksha i ka nui o ka hulu o ka nutcracker.
He kala ʻeleʻele-hina kona, lei aliʻi pouli a me nā ʻeheu, a me kahi huelo ʻulaʻula, hana i nā leo muffled, hoʻomanaʻo ʻia o "Kuuk", nona ka inoa i kapa ʻia ʻo kuksa. A huikau nā manu ʻelua ʻelua i kekahi manawa me ka jay, ma ke ala, kahi lunamakaʻāinana o ka ʻohana like a me ke kauoha o passerines, kahi e loaʻa ai nā ʻano manu ʻelua mai ke ʻano nutcracker.
ʻO ka wōnani ʻAmelika ʻĀkau, ʻo ka lua o nā manu nutcracker
Ka nohona a me ka nohona
ʻO ka home maoli o ka nutcracker kahi, consonant me kona inoa, kedera, akā spruce pū kekahi a me nā ulu lāʻau coniferous ʻē aʻe. ʻAʻole nani nā wahi wai no kēia manu, ʻaʻole ia e hoʻāʻo e lanakila i nā kahawai ma mua o 3 km ākea. Akā i kekahi manawa hana ʻia me nā ʻino a me nā typhoon e lawe ʻia nā mea i nā mokupuni mamao, kahi e aʻa ai a noho mau lākou ma ke ʻano he kamaʻāina paʻa.
ʻO nā huakaʻi ʻē aʻe, ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi, ʻaʻole hiki ke hana i kēlā me kēia manu ʻēheu, keu hoʻi inā ʻaʻole pono ia. ʻAʻole hele malihini. Nutcracker he noho wale ka ala o ke ola. A i mea e ola ai i ke kau anuanu, hana ʻo ia i kahi mālama nui o nā ʻanoʻano a me nā hua hua no ka hoʻoilo - kāna meaʻai punahele.
A i nā makahiki wale nō ke hāʻule ʻole nā huaʻai ma nā ululāʻau ʻo Siberian no nā kumu like ʻole, nui nā ahi ma laila a i ʻole nā lāʻau e ʻeha i ka hāʻule ʻana o ka predatory, ʻo ia mau manu ma laila e hele i ke komohana i ka nui e ʻike i nā kumu meaʻai hou aʻe.
I loko o ia mau manawa, hopu ka maka o nā manu i neʻe i ka maka o ka poʻe ma waena o ʻEulopa a me ʻEulopa. Ma laila a ke ola nei ka nutcracker ma mua o ka hiki ʻana mai o nā manawa ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi. Ma ke ala, i nā lā kahiko i kēia mau ʻāpana, he nui nā hui o kēia mau manu, e ʻike ʻole ana mai kahi ʻē aʻe, i manaʻo ʻia he lawena o nā pōʻino nui.
ʻO nā poʻe noho mana nui o ʻEulopa i nā kenekulia i hala, ʻaʻole hiki ke ʻike i ka wehewehe pololei o ka hoʻouka kaua ʻana o nā pua o nā nutcrackers, i pili pū me lākou i ka wī, nā kaua a me nā ahulau.
ʻO kahi manu manu liʻiliʻi i ke ʻano, he ʻoiaʻiʻo, he ʻenemi kona. Hiki i nā predators liʻiliʻi, e like me nā pōpoki hihiu, ʻalopeke, martens, weasels, ke hoʻopilikia iā ia i ka wā o ka pūnana. Ke hoʻohana pono nei i ka kōkua ʻole o ia mau manu, i hoʻohana piha ʻia me nā hana o ka hoʻoulu ʻana a me ka hānai ʻana i nā keiki, hoʻouka kaua iā lākou, a pāʻina pū hoʻi i kā lākou mau hua a me nā keiki.
ʻO ka pinepine pinepine kūleʻa kēlā mau ʻano no ka mea lohi loa nā nutcrackers, ʻaʻole lohi pinepine, kaumaha lākou i ka piʻi a piʻi i ka lewa me ka lohi.
Pilikia pū kekahi nā manu manu i nā wā ke hana lako lākou i nā lako no ka hoʻoilo. I kēlā manawa, he ʻano maʻamau lākou o ka lilo loa o ka makaʻala, ʻaʻole lākou e lohe a ʻike paha i kekahi mea a puni lākou, a no laila lilo lākou i mau mea maʻalahi i nā ʻenemi akamai a maʻalea hoʻi.
Meaʻai kūpono
ʻAno ʻokoʻa ka papaʻai nutcracker. Hiki i kēlā mau manu ke hānai i nā ʻanoʻano, nā nati beech, nā hua, nā hua a me nā ʻākala. ʻO nā kolo a me nā holoholona nui aʻe, i lawa ka nui o nā protein, lawelawe pū ʻia me lākou nā meaʻai.
Loaʻa i ka nuku lahilahi, hiki i ka nutcracker ke lawe maʻalahi i nā nati mai nā ʻone
Akā nō naʻe, ʻo ka hapa nui o nā mea āpau, pono ke kino o kēia mau manu i nā huaʻaleʻale, no ka mea na lākou e hoʻolako iā ia i nā anuanu anuanu, i hana pinepine ʻia i ka hoʻoilo i nā ululāʻau taiga, ka nui o ka ikehu e pono ai i nā wā i hōʻike ʻia. No laila, ʻo ka meaʻai nui o kēia mau mea ʻēheu he mau nut pine ia, i loaʻa i kēia mau mea i ka nui.
Loaʻa nā hua manu i hoʻopili ʻia mai nā cones. ʻAʻole paʻakikī kēia no nā nutcrackers. Ma hope o nā mea āpau, ua hāʻawi ke kūlohelohe i kahi manu manu liʻiliʻi me ka nuku, i kūpono loa i kēia ʻano hana, lōʻihi a lahilahi ke ʻano.
No lākou ka ʻili o ka nutcracker i nā ʻone, a i ka lawe ʻana i nā nū, haki iā lākou ma nā pōhaku a i ʻole nā kumulāʻau, kūpono iā lākou i kā lākou hoʻohana ponoʻī.
Akā me ka meaʻai protein, ʻo ia hoʻi, nā ʻenemi, nā nutcrackers hānai pinepine i kā lākou mau moa, no ka mea, pono pono nā meaola ulu o nā holoholona ʻōpio i kēia ʻano hānai. Hoʻomaka kēia mau mea kupaianaha e ʻohi i nā hua paina ke oʻo lākou. Hana pū nā manu i kēia me ka hui pū ʻana i nā pūʻā hipa, i loko o ia mau kaiāulu, a me ka hele ʻana e ʻimi i nā meaʻai.
ʻO ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana i nā waihona, nā mea nutcrackers he mea hou a luhi ʻole hoʻi, a ʻo ka makana ma nā hau, nā hoʻoilo hau he mea ʻai nui na lākou iho a me kā lākou pua. Ke hana nei me ka luhi ʻole i ke kau mahana, hiki i kahi nutcracker hoʻokahi ke hoʻomākaukau ma kahi o kanahiku tausani mau nati. Hāpai ʻo ia iā lākou i kahi ʻeke hyoid kūikawā.
I loko o ia ʻano hoʻololi kūlohelohe, i hoʻoilina ʻia mai ka hānau ʻana a aia ma lalo o ka nuku, hiki i kahi haneli mau hua kanu ke lawe ʻia i kahi mamao loa i kēlā me kēia manawa. Akā i loko o ka ʻōpū o kēia mau manu, ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku i ka ʻumikūmālua o lākou e kūpono. Noho mau ke koena.
ʻO ka mea aʻe, hūnā ʻia nā nati i loko o kahi pā waiho ai hoʻomākaukau mua ʻia. Hiki i kēia ke lilo i hollow i loko o kahi kumulāʻau a i ʻole kahi kaumaha i ka lepo, kahi mai kahi kedera kahi i ʻohiʻohi ʻia ai ka hua, ma kahi mamao a ʻehā mau kilomita. ʻO kēlā mau manu e hana i nā cache hou aʻe. A hoʻomanaʻo pinepine nā manu i ko lākou wahi a mai poina.
ʻOiai aia kekahi manaʻo e loaʻa i nā nutcrackers kā lākou mau wahi huna e ka honi. Eia nō naʻe, i nā wā o ka hāʻule hau nui, paʻakikī ʻole kēia, a no laila ʻaʻole hiki ke noʻonoʻo ʻia kēia mana.
Eia nā hanana pantry wale nō i kekahi manawa, hiki ke loaʻa i nā hale mālama me nā mea ʻono maikaʻi e nā mea ola ʻē aʻe: nā bea, nā ʻiole kula, nā ʻiʻo, kahi e hōʻole ʻole ai iā lākou iho i ka leʻaleʻa o ka noho ʻana iā lākou iho ma ka lilo o ka mālama kālā o nā mea ola ʻē aʻe. A ʻo nā haku maoli o nā mālama mālama, he mau manu hana nui me ka uku maikaʻi ʻole ʻia.
ʻO ia ke kumu e hoʻāʻo ai nā nutcrackers e hana hou i nā wahi hūnā. A inā ʻike lākou i ka nānā ʻana o nā mea makemake makemake ʻole ʻia i ka manawa e hūnā ai i nā mea momona, hoʻāʻo lākou e hoʻoikaika i nā hana camouflage.
ʻO nā hale kūʻai nunui o nā hua paina, kanu ʻia i ka honua, ʻaʻole waiwai mau i nā manu nāna lākou i hana, nā mea e kōkua nui ai i ka hoʻolaha ʻana o nā ʻano paina, hoʻoneʻe ʻia e nā mea lele ʻole i hana ʻole i kēia ala ma kahi mamao loa.
A laila ulu nā kumulāʻau kupaianaha mai iā lākou i ka nui. ʻO ia ke kumu ma Tomsk i ka makahiki 2013 i kūkulu ai nā kānaka i kahi kia hoʻomanaʻo maoli no kēia limahana hulu. Ma hope o nā mea āpau, mālama maoli ka nutcracker i ke ola hou ʻana o ke kūlohelohe ma mua o ke kanaka, ʻoiai ʻoiai ʻaʻole hiki ke ʻike i kāna kumu nui.
I ke kiʻi aia kahi kia hoʻomanaʻo i ka nutcracker ma Tomsk
Pono e hoʻomaopopo ʻia ma nā wahi he nui o ke Komohana ʻEulopa, kahi i loaʻa ai kēlā mau manu, ʻaʻohe lāʻau kedera, akā aia nā lāʻau wōnati, a ʻo ia ka mea e lilo i kumu nui nā meaʻai ma laila no kēia mau meaola. ʻO ia ke kumu a lākou e kāhea ai nut nut, no ka laʻana, ma ka panalāʻau o Ukraine.
ʻO ka hana hou a me ke ola o ke ola
ʻO kēia mau manu, ʻo nā manu akahele, i ka wā o ka moena, ua lilo i mea makaʻu loa, hoʻāʻo lākou ʻaʻole e haʻalele i kā lākou wahi hoʻomoana a hūnā mai ka prying maka. ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo o ia mau mea e mālama i nā mālama nui o ka meaʻai no ka hoʻoilo i hiki ai iā lākou i ka puna ke hoʻomaka koke i ka hoʻoulu a ulu ʻana i kahi hanauna hou o nā nutcrackers.
Kau lākou i ko lākou mau pūnana ma luna o nā conifers, kau iā lākou i kahi kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe, a kūkulu iā lākou mai nā mea hale maʻamau: lichens, lumo, mauʻu a me nā lālā lālā. Hoʻopili wale ʻia kā lākou mau nutcrackers a paʻa pū ʻia me ka pālolo.
ʻO ka pūnana Nutcracker me nā moa
Hoʻomaka ka manu e hana i kēia mau hoʻomākaukau ma mua o ka piʻi ʻana o ka mahana o ke ākea ma luna o ka ʻole. I Malaki nō, i kekahi mau hihia - i ʻApelila, waiho ka makuahine nutcracker i ʻehā mau ʻōmaʻomaʻo a me oblong hua, i ka incubation a ka makuakāne o ka ʻohana e kōkua mau iā ia.
Nutcracker – manu i nā pilina me ka moekolohe ʻē aʻe, he paʻa mau ia, ʻo ia hoʻi, monogamous, no ka mea, ʻaʻole haki nā hui o ia mau manu i ko lākou ola. Lawe nā lālā o ka ʻiona ʻohana i ka incubation i ka manawa, a ʻoiai e kiaʻi nei kekahi i nā hua, hoʻolele kekahi i nā mālama hānai o ka makahiki i hala.
I ka wā mua, hānai ʻia nā nutcrackers liʻiliʻi i nā ʻanoʻano i palupalu i ka goiter makua, akā i ka wā e mahana a hele a mahana nā mea kolo, hoʻololi nā moa i kēia ʻano ʻano meaʻai. ʻEkolu mau makahiki, ke ʻimi nei nā ʻōpio e hoʻāʻo iā lākou iho i nā lele, a i ka mahina ʻo Iune ke hele a maʻa mau nei ka hanauna hou i ke kūʻokoʻa.
ʻOiaʻiʻo, no ka manawa lōʻihi (ma kahi ma mua o ka hopena o ke kau), aia nā lālā ʻōpio o ka ʻohana ma lalo o ka nānā ʻana a nā mākua. Noho lōʻihi kēlā mau manu liʻiliʻi. Inā ʻaʻole e hoʻopōkole nā pōpilikia i ka manawa, kū i ke kūlohelohe, hiki iā lākou ke ola a hala nā makahiki he 10, a ʻoi aku paha ka lōʻihi.
