Hōʻike a me nā hiʻohiʻona
Wolf a ʻo ka ʻīlio ka hanauna hou. Hoʻohui ʻia, pili kēia mau māmela i ka ʻohana like, i kapa ʻia he canine a i ʻole he kini. ʻO ka ʻōlelo koʻikoʻi, ʻo nā ʻīlio hae kekahi o nā moʻokūʻauhau o kēia ʻohana, a ʻo nā coyote a me nā ʻīlio hae kekahi i manaʻo ʻia he lālā.
ʻO ka inoa like me kēia genus kahi ʻano i kapa mau ʻia: wolf. Akā he ʻīlio wale nō kekahi o nā mea kōkua o kēia ʻano. Eia hou, e like me kāu e ʻike ai, ua iho nā ʻīlio kūloko mai nā ʻīlio hae mai, no laila, ʻo nā mea hope loa ko lākou kūpuna pololei.
Ua hiki i ka noiʻi ʻana iā DNA ke hoʻokaʻawale i nā laina kūʻauhau i nā ʻīlio hae. ʻOi aku ka pololei, ʻo kēia mau māmela karnivorous ʻehā o lākou. Wahi a kēia mau ʻike, ʻo nā ʻīlio hae ʻĀlika nui loa, i hōʻike ʻia ma ka Honua i hala aku nei no nā makahiki he haneli kaukani.
A ma hope, ma ka panalāʻau o Hindustan o kēia manawa, ua hoʻomaka kekahi mau lālani ʻēlio hae ʻē aʻe i kekahi ma hope o kekahi: Himalayan, India a me Tibetan. Mai kēia mau hui kūpuna ʻehā, ua ulu mai nā ʻano wōhiu o kēia wā, a ua pāhola aku ia ma luna o ka ʻāina o nā ʻāina nui.
ʻO ka ʻāpana o kēia mau lunamakaʻāinana o ka holoholona i nui mau. ʻOiaʻiʻo, i nā kenekulia i hala, ua emi nui ka nui ma muli o ka luku ʻole ʻia a hoʻopau ʻole ʻia o kēia mau holoholona. ʻO kahi laʻana, pau loa nā ʻīlio hae i Iāpana.
ʻO lākou nā lunamakaʻāinana nui o nā ʻāpana ʻo Honshu a me Hokkaido. ʻO nā ʻano Newfoundland e noho nei ma Kanada, a me kekahi poʻe ʻē aʻe, ua nalowale me ka loaʻa ʻole o kahi ala. Eia nō naʻe, maʻa mau nā ʻīlio hae i nā ʻāina he nui o ka ʻāina ʻo Eurasia. Ma Rūsia, loaʻa lākou ma kahi o nā wahi āpau.
ʻO Sakhalin a me nā Kurile wale nō nā hoʻokoe, a me kekahi mau wahi taiga o ko mākou ʻāina. Ma ʻAmelika ʻĀkau, ʻo ka laulā o kēia mau mea ʻino he nui loa a hoʻonui ʻia mai Alaska a Mexico.
Loaʻa nā hiʻohiʻona aʻe i ka hiʻohiʻona o nā ʻīlio hae. ʻO kēia ka umauma i kaheka ʻia a me ka hoʻi ihope, kahi huelo lōʻihi. Hoʻomaopopo ʻia ko lākou mau wāwae me nā māiʻu poʻo e ko lākou ikaika, a ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o nā wāwae mua ma mua o nā ʻaoʻao hope. Hāʻawi ʻia ka hulu o kēia mau holoholona me kahi waiwai kupaianaha o ka hoʻomehana ʻana. No laila, ʻoiai ma nā wahi me ke aniau ʻino, hiki i nā ʻīlio hihiu ke aʻa a maikaʻi a maikaʻi.
I ka neʻe ʻana ma nā wahi i uhi ʻia e ka hau, hoʻomehana ʻia kā lākou mau paws e kahi mea kūikawā o ka ʻōnaehana holo. Aia nā membrane ma waena o nā manamana wāwae o nā ʻīlio hae, hoʻonui lākou i ka ʻilikai o ke kākoʻo o nā wāwae, a, no laila, hoʻemi i ka ukana ma ka lepo ke neʻe iā ia.
No laila, ʻoiai inā uhi ʻia ka honua i kahi papa nui o ka hau, hiki i ka ʻīlio hae ke neʻe wikiwiki a maʻalahi hoʻi ma luna ona. Hāʻawi ʻia ke kaulike ʻoiai ke holo nei e ka maʻa o kēia holoholona i ka hilinaʻi ʻole i ka wāwae holoʻokoʻa, akā i nā manamana wāwae wale nō. A ʻo nā lauoho wolf bristly a me nā māiʻuʻu ʻoi loa e kōkua i ka noho ʻana ma luna o kahi paheʻe a pali i uhi ʻia me ka pā hau.
A kōkua kekahi hiʻohiʻona hou i nā ʻīlio hae e ola i nā kūlohelohe koʻikoʻi. Ma ko lākou mau wāwae, ma waena o ko lākou manamana wāwae, aia nā glands e hūnā i kahi mea ʻala. No laila, hiki i nā kapuai o ke alakaʻi ke hāʻawi i ka ʻike i ka ʻohana holoʻokoʻa e pili ana i kahi āna i hele aku ai, no laila kōkua lākou i ka hoʻokele ʻana, e ʻike ana i ke ala kūpono ma ka honua. Hiki ke ʻike ʻia ke ʻano o kēia holoholona ma ke kiʻi o ka ʻīlio hae.
Nā ʻano o nā ʻīlio hae
I loko o ka ʻohana canine, ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo ka ʻīlio hae ka lālā nui loa. Akā ʻo ka nui kikoʻī o ia mau mea ola i ka laha a me ka hulihonua o ko lākou wahi e noho ana, ʻoiai ke ʻano nui o ko lākou mau hōʻailona (ka lōʻihi o ke kino a me ke kaumaha). Hiki i nā lunamakaʻāinana koʻikoʻi loa ke piʻi i kahi kaupaona ma kahi o 100 kg a ʻelua mau mika i ka nui.
I ka hōʻuluʻulu, aia ma kahi o 17 mau ʻano o kēia mau māmele karnivorous, e like me ka ʻike hou loa.
E hōʻike i kekahi o lākou.
- Lūlū maʻamau (hina). ʻO ke kino o kēia mau lunamakaʻāinana o ka genus o nā ʻīlio hae i hiki i 80 kg, a ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi ma mua o hoʻokahi a me ka hapalua mika, ʻoiai he huina mita mika ko lākou. Ma waho, ua like kēia mau holoholona me nā ʻīlio nunui me nā pepeiao kiko.
Ikaika ko lākou mau wāwae a kiʻekiʻe. Nunui ka waha, i haku ʻia e "sideburns". Hōʻike kona mau hiʻohiʻona a hōʻike i ke ʻano o ka holoholona: mai ka mālie mālie, leʻaleʻa a me ke aloha i ka makaʻu, huhū huhū a me ka huhū. ʻO ka hulu o ia holoholona he ʻelua papa, lōʻihi, mānoanoa.
ʻOkoʻa ka laulā o ka leo. Hiki iā ia ke uē, ka ʻū, ka hae, ka ʻūlū ʻana i nā ʻano like ʻole. Ua pālahalaha nui kēia mau holoholona ma Eurasia (mai Sepania a Hindustan) a ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻākau o ka Honua Hou.
- ʻO ka wolf arctic ka mea i manaʻo ʻia he subspecies wale nō o ka ʻīlio hae hina i hōʻike wale ʻia. He ʻano laha ʻole kēia. Noho nā holoholona like ma nā lihi o ke anuanu a me ka hau mau i Alaska a me Greenland. ʻIke pū ʻia ma ka ʻākau o Kanada.
Ma waena o nā lunamakaʻāinana o ka genus, nui loa kēia mau hiʻohiʻona, ʻike ʻia nā kāne e kahi nui kūikawā. Ke nānā nei i kahi holoholona mai kahi mamao aku, manaʻo paha kekahi ʻo ia ia Wōlio Keʻokeʻo, akā ke nānā pono ʻia, maopopo leʻa ka ʻulaʻula huluhulu o kēia holoholona i kahi ʻano ʻulaʻula i ʻike ʻia. Akā i ka manawa like mānoanoa loa ia, a fluffy ma nā wāwae a me ka hiʻu.
- ʻAʻole haʻahaʻa ʻo ka ʻīlio hae nahele i ka nui ma mua o ka Arctic, a i kekahi mau hihia i ʻoi aku iā lākou. ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe ma nā poʻohiwi o kēia mau holoholona e pili ana i ka mika. Mai ka inoa maopopo leʻa kēia holoholona holoholona.
Nā Wolves Kāhea ʻia kēia ʻano he Central Lūkini, e hōʻike ana i nā wahi o ko lākou noho ʻana, a pili pū i Western Siberia, i kekahi manawa i ka ululāʻau tundra a i ke kūkulu ʻākau hoʻi.
ʻO ke kala o kēia mau holoholona, a me ko lākou nui, kaukaʻi ʻia i ka nohona. ʻOi aku ka nui o nā kamaʻāina o ka ʻĀkau, ʻoi aku ka māmā o ko lākou kala kala. I nā wahi ma ka hema, aia nā ʻīlio hae nui me ke oho hina o nā huluhulu.
- He kala keʻokeʻo kā ka wolf Mackensen a manaʻo ʻia ʻo ia ka mea maʻamau i waena o nā ʻīlio hae ma ka moku ʻAmelika ʻAkau. I kēia mau lā, ua hana ʻia nā hana hana e hoʻohua iā lākou.
No kēia mea, lawe ʻia kēlā ʻano holoholona i Yellowstone Park, kahi mālama honua, kahi a lākou i aʻa ai a hana hou ai i ke ala ʻoi loa, i kōkua nui i ka hoʻonui ʻana i kā lākou helu. ʻO kēlā mau holoholona i ka pilina pili loa me nā ʻīlio hihiu ulu lāʻau.
- ʻ .lio ʻīlio Maned. Manaʻo nui ʻia ʻaʻole noho nā ʻīlio hae ma ʻAmelika Hema. Akā ʻo kēia laha (kahi kamaʻāina o kekahi mau ʻāpana o ka ʻāina i kuhikuhi ʻia) he ʻano ʻokoʻa kona a ʻano like me ka nui o kona mau hoahānau ma kahi mamao aku.
He lauoho ʻulaʻula ko kēlā mau holoholona, a ua loaʻa ko lākou inoa ma muli o ka mane, ʻano like me ka lio, ulu ma nā poʻohiwi a me ka ʻāʻī. He kino wiwi ko kēia mau ʻīlio hae, a ʻo ko lākou kaumaha ma mua o ka 24 kg.
ʻOiai ʻo kēia holoholona e neʻe nui i nā wahi i ulu nui ʻia me nā mauʻu kiʻekiʻe, e ʻimi nei i kahi pio ma laila, lōʻihi kona mau wāwae. Manaʻo ʻia ua laha kēia ʻano make.
- ʻ Wolflio ʻulaʻula a ma waho ʻaʻole like loa me nā congeners a hoʻohālikelike wale iā lākou i ka lawena. ʻO ke ʻano o kona kino e like me ka jackal. Akā ʻo kona hulu i ke kala a me ka nani e like me ka ʻalopeke.
Heʻuʻuku lākou akā akamai loa i nā mea ʻaihue. He huelo fluffy a lōʻihi hoʻi kā lākou, poepoe i nā pepeiao nui a me ka muzzles pōkole. Noho ka hapa nui o kēia mau holoholona ma ʻAsia.
Ka nohona a me ka nohona
Hiki i kahi ākea ākea o nā ʻāina ke lilo i wahi noho no nā ʻīlio hae. Eia nō naʻe, noho pinepine lākou i nā ulu lāʻau. Hiki iā lākou ke noho i nā wahi mauna, akā ma nā wahi wale nō kahi e paʻakikī ʻole ai ka neʻe ʻana i nā wahi like ʻole.
I nā wā o ke anuanu, makemake nā ʻīlio hae e noho i nā pūʻolo, a ʻaʻole lākou e haʻalele i nā panalāʻau i koho ʻia ma mua. A e māka i kā lākou mau mea, haʻalele lākou i nā kaha ʻala, e hoʻomaopopo ai i nā holoholona ʻē aʻe i ka pūnaewele (hiki i ka 44 km ka nui o kā lākou wahi2) ua lawe ʻia. Koho pinepine lākou i nā hale hoʻomaha ʻaʻole mamao aku mai nā wahi noho kanaka, i ka hoʻololi ʻia e lawe i nā holoholona mai nā kānaka.
Pēlā, alualu lākou i nā pūʻā dia, nā hipa a me nā holoholona ʻē aʻe. Eia nō naʻe, me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke kau mahana, hoʻokaʻawale ʻia kēia mau kaiāulu o nā mea ʻaihue i mau pālua, a ʻo kēlā me kēia mea e koho i kahi noho kaʻawale mai ka ʻohana. A ʻo nā ʻīlio hae ikaika wale nō i koe o ka ʻāina i noho ʻia, ʻoiai ke koena e koi ʻia e hele e ʻimi i nā puʻuhonua ʻē aʻe.
Mai ka wā kahiko, ua loaʻa i kēlā mau holoholona me ka lāhui kanaka kahi makaʻu kūpono. Akā he holoholona hihiu aha?, a he mea weliweli loa ia i ka wāwae wāwae ʻelua? Ua hōʻike ʻia nā noiʻi ʻana ʻaʻole kokoke kēia mau mea hōʻeuʻeu i ka hoʻouka kaua.
No laila, inā ʻaʻohe mea hoʻoweliweli pololei mai ka poʻe, a laila ʻaʻole makaʻu i ko lākou ola. Kūpono nā ʻokoʻa, akā kākaʻikahi loa. A e like me ka poʻe loea, i kēia mau hihia, lawe wale ʻia nā hōʻeha e nā poʻe kino noʻonoʻo ʻole, superaggressive wale nō.
ʻO nā ʻano o ke ʻano o nā ʻīlio hae, ko lākou ikaika, mana, hōʻike, a me ka hiki o kēia mau mea ʻaihue e alakaʻi a lanakila i nā kaua, mai ka wā kahiko mai i hoʻohilahila pinepine i kahi kanaka. ʻO kekahi o ka poʻe i manaʻo he pilina ʻuhane a pili maoli me kēia holoholona, a no laila ua koho wolf totem holoholona.
Manaʻo ka poʻe kahiko inā ʻoe e huli i kahi nalu psychological i loko o nā hana hoʻokalakupua, hiki iā ʻoe ke huki i ka ikehu mai ia mea a loaʻa ka ikaika mai ia mea. He mau mea ulu loa kēia.
He nui kā lākou e aʻo ai. I ka hopu holoholona ʻana a me ka hakakā ʻana, hoʻohana lākou i nā hana hoihoi loa a nā poʻe he nui o ka wā i hala i lawe aku ai i nā kaua pūʻali koa.
I ka wā e hui pū nā ʻīlio hae i loko o nā ʻeke, noho wale kona mau lālā no ka pono maʻamau, e mōhai ana i ko lākou mau pono āpau no ke kaiāulu o kā lākou ʻano ponoʻī. A ʻokoʻa ia ʻīlio hihiu hihiu ʻaʻole hiki ke ola i nā kūlana koʻikoʻi o ka nohona kūlohelohe. I loko o kēia mau kaiāulu, aia kahi hierarchy koʻikoʻi, kahi o nā kānaka āpau i lalo o ke alakaʻi, a he kuleana ko kēlā me kēia lālā o ka ʻeke.
Lawe ʻia ke alakaʻi o kēia kaiāulu me ka ʻole o ka hana ʻino a me nā kaohi i ke kūʻokoʻa. Eia nō naʻe, ʻo kēia ʻōnaehana kahi ʻano hana maʻalahi. A ʻo ke kūlana nohona o nā lālā e hoʻoholo ʻia e ka moekolohe, ka makahiki a me nā pono o kēlā me kēia kanaka.
Meaʻai kūpono
Ke hoʻouka kaua nei i nā holoholona, hoʻohana nā ʻīlio hae i kēia ʻano hana, he mea maʻamau ia no kēia mau lunamakaʻāinana o ka holoholona. ʻO ka mea mua, e noho ana i kahi hoʻohālua, kali lākou i ke ʻano o ka poʻe i hōʻino ʻia. A laila noho kekahi o nā mea ʻaihue i ka puʻuhonua, no ka laʻana, i loko o nā ululāʻau, a ʻo nā lālā ʻē aʻe o ka hui o nā mea ʻimi holoholona wāwae ʻehā e hoʻokuʻi i kā lākou mea pio ma kēia ala, a laila e make ai.
Elks a me nā ungulate ʻē aʻe, wī pinepine nā wōlio i ka make. Alualu kahi ʻāpana o ka pūʻolo ma hope o ka mea i hōʻino ʻia, a ke luhi ka poʻe alualu, ua hoʻololi ʻia lākou e nā mea ʻē aʻe, piha i nā ʻīlio hae ikaika. Pēlā, hoʻoholo ʻia ka hopena o ka poʻe i hoʻomaʻau ʻia.
Pēlā kēlā honua o nā ʻīlio hihiu, aloha ʻole ʻo ia a loko ʻino. ʻO ka manawa pinepine, hiki i kēia mau meaola ke māʻona i ko lākou pōloli me kā lākou ʻano ponoʻī, maʻi a ʻeha hoʻi. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole hiki i kēia mau holoholona ke hoʻonele me ka ʻike a me ka wiwo ʻole.
ʻO kēlā mau mea ʻino ma kahi ʻohana e ʻimi holoholona hihiu nui: dia, nā puaʻa kālā papaʻaina, dia dia, antelope. Akā hiki i nā poʻe hoʻokahi o kēia ʻohana ke hopu i nā hares, gophers, rodents, manu wai. ʻAʻole hoʻowahāwahā nā ʻīlio pōloli pōloli i nā kupapaʻu o nā holoholona like ʻole.
Mai ka papa kuhikuhi mea kanu, ʻai lākou i nā huaʻai, nā melon a me nā ʻumeke, nā pulelehua, ʻohi i nā hua, akā ʻaʻole kēia ka meaʻai na lākou, akā inu, ʻo ia hoʻi, kōkua ka wai o kēia mau mea kanu iā lākou e kinai i ko lākou make wai.
Hele kēia mau mea weliweli i ka hopu holoholona i ka pō. A i ka manawa like e kamaʻilio pū kekahi me kekahi ma ka hāʻawi ʻana i nā hōʻailona kani like ʻole. A ʻo kēlā me kēia o lākou, e namunamu, e ʻū, e ʻū a i ʻole nā hae, hāʻawi ʻia me nā ʻano like ʻole.
ʻO ka hana hou a me ke ola o ke ola
Noho mōʻī koʻikoʻi ma waena o nā ʻīlio hae. A ma hope o ka make ʻana o kahi hoa, mālama ka mea ʻē iā ia i ka kūpaʻa lili. Lanakila pinepine ʻo Cavaliers i ka maka o nā wahine manuahi i nā hakakā huhū a me ke koko me nā mea hoʻokūkū.
Ke hoʻokumu ʻia o ka hui o ʻelua mau kāne ʻē aʻe, ʻimi ʻimi nā lālā o ka pālua i kahi ana ʻohana, no ka mea pono lākou e hoʻomākaukau i nā mea āpau i ka manawa a kūpono no ka helehelena o nā keiki.
ʻO nā pāʻani māna e hanana ana i ka wā o ka estrus o kahi ʻīlio hihiu e hana maʻamau ai i ka hoʻoilo a i ʻole ka puna. ʻO kēia ʻano, kūlohelohe i ke ʻano wolf, he mea maʻalahi loa ia i kahi aniau o ke aniau, no ka mea aia ke keiki a kahi kāne i kahi manawa ke emi ke anu, a mamao loa ia mai ka hoʻoilo hou, ʻo ia hoʻi he manawa ka nā wolf wahine, ulu ikaika, a aʻo nui i nā manawa paʻakikī.
ʻO ka manawa hānau i loko o kahi wōhiu e mau ma kahi o ʻelua mau mahina, a laila hānau ʻia nā ʻīlio pēpē. ʻAʻole paʻakikī e noʻonoʻo pehea lākou i hānau ai a pehea lākou e ulu ai no ka poʻe i loaʻa nā ʻīlio ma ka home, no ka mea ua ʻike mua ʻia pili pono kēia mau holoholona. Makapō nā lā mua o nā ʻīlio wolf, a ʻokiʻoki ʻia ko lākou mau maka ma hope o ʻelua pule wale nō.
I kēia wā o ko lākou ola, nele loa ka poʻe keiki, hemo wale me ka ʻūlū i ka ʻimi ʻana i ka piko o ka makuahine, me ka hiki ke kolo wale. A laila hānai lākou i nā kūkulu kūkulu ʻia ʻana e ko lākou mau mākua, akā ua hānai ʻia i ka papaʻai meaʻai.
ʻOi aku ke kūʻokoʻa o nā pēpē mahina, neʻe maikaʻi lākou, pāʻani me nā kaikaina a me nā kaikuahine. I ka manawa koke e ikaika ana ka hanauna hou, a ke hoʻāʻo nei nā keiki e ʻimi i ka meaʻai.
Minamina, kiʻekiʻe loa ka helu make ma waena o ka ʻohana wolf. I ka makahiki mua o ke ola i hoʻomaka wale, make ka hapa o ka ʻōpala no nā kumu like ʻole. Akā ʻo ka poʻe i hala palekana i kēia wā e hānau keiki kā lākou keiki. Loaʻa kahi hanana physiological like i nā ʻīlio hae i loko o ʻelua mau makahiki. A makua nā kāne i hoʻokahi makahiki ma hope.
Wolf – holoholona, hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka ʻīlio, me nā huaʻōlelo o ke ola. Hoʻomaka lākou e ʻelemakule ma hope o 10 mau makahiki. He kuleana ko kēlā me kēia lālā o ka wolf wolf nā meaʻai, mālama a me ka pale ʻana. Make nā Wolves ma kahi o 16 mau makahiki, ʻoiai, ma ke ʻano he theoretically wale nō, hiki iā lākou ke ola ma mua o iwakālua.
