Palaka honua pili i nā amphibians tailless. He ʻāpana kēia. Kuhi ʻia ka papa ma ke ʻano he amphibians. He ʻohana kā ka ʻāpana. No ia mea he 40 genera. Aia he 579 mau ʻano i loko o lākou. Kapa ʻia lākou he lepo, no ka mea me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke anuanu a i ke ao i ka wā wela e peʻe ai lākou i nā lua, e kanu iā lākou iho ma waena o nā aʻa, nā pōhaku.
Hōʻike a me nā hiʻohiʻona o ka toad earthen
Pākuʻi ka Honua i ke kiʻi a i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o ka rana, he maloʻo, ʻili mae. Uhi ʻia me kahi ʻano warts, nā ulu ulu. ʻAʻohe o nā rana, a me ka hiki ke hopu i nā kolo me ka wikiwiki i ka lele.
Hāpai ka toad iā lākou me kāna alelo. Ma nā lima ʻē aʻe, ua hoʻolōʻihi ʻia nā rana i nā wāwae hope. ʻAe kēia i nā holoholona e lele. Ua hoʻonele ʻia nā mākana i kēia hiki. ʻO nā ʻokoʻa hou aʻe mai nā rana:
- kino palupalu me ka ʻole o ka contour
- lalo ke poʻo i lalo i ka honua
- ka nui o nā glands i ke kua, i hana pinepine i ka lāʻau make
- ʻili ʻeleʻele me kahi kani honua
- ka nele o nā niho i ka iwi ā luna
Hoʻomohala ʻia ka dimorphism moekolohe i nā toads earthen. ʻOi aku ka liʻiliʻi o nā kāne ma mua o nā wahine a hoʻopili i nā manamana wāwae mua ma ko lākou alo mua. Kōkua ia hoʻoholo i ka moekolohe o ka toad earthen.
ʻO nā Call Call ma nā ʻūhā o nā ʻāpana lepo kāne e ulu nui ana i nā ʻili o ka ʻili. Kōkua lākou e hoʻomau i ke kua o ka hoa i ka wā o ka male ʻana. No laila ua hoʻomohala ʻia ka puliki a me ka hopu ʻana i nā kāne.
Hoʻonui ʻia i loko o nā ʻeke lepo a me nā wai pepeiao. Pili kēia i nā kāne ʻelua. Kapa ʻia nā aʻa pepeiao he parotids.
Hiki i nā nui o nā toads i 30 kenimika ka lōʻihi. I kēia hihia, hiki i ke kaumaha o kekahi kanaka ke lilo i 2.3 kilokilo. Aia kekahi mau ʻelele liʻiliʻi o ka hale hoʻokaʻawale ma kahi o 3 kenimika ka lōʻihi.
Ka nohona a me ka nohona
Hele wawe ka wāwae wāwae pōkole a kaumaha hoʻi. I nā manawa o ka weliweli, hoʻopaʻa nā amphibians i ko lākou kua. Hoʻonui kēia i ka maka i ka toads, e makaʻu nei i ka poʻe lawehala. Lele wale nā rana mai ka hope.
Hiki i nā toads ke lele i hoʻokahi manawa, akā hana lākou inā ʻaʻole holomua ka "maʻalea" me ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ke kua.
Loaʻa i kahi coarser, ʻili keratinized ma mua o nā rana, hiki i nā toads ke noho mamao aku mai nā kino wai no ka manawa lōʻihi. ʻAʻole pono ka hydration mau o ka integument. ʻOi aku ka pololei, lawe nā parotids i kēia hana. Hoʻopuka lākou i kahi huna huna.
Māhele ʻia ke ola o ka toad earthen i nā ʻāpana o ka hoʻomaha a me ka hana, ʻaʻole wale i ke ao a me ka pō. ʻO ka hope ka manawa ala. Māhele pū ʻia ke ola i kahi manawa o ka mehana a me ke anuanu. I ka hoʻoilo, hoʻolana nā toads i ka lepo i kahi hohonu o 10 mau kenimika. Ma laila, hāʻule nā holoholona i loko o ka animation hoʻomaha, e hoʻolōʻihi i kā lākou hana nui.
Hiki i nā palaka ke komo i loko o nā wao nahele, nā kula, nā ulu lāʻau. ʻO ke kūlana nui ke kū ʻana o kahi waihona wai kokoke. ʻAʻole ia e pili i ka pulu ʻana i nā uhi o nā ʻuma. Pono lākou i ka wai no ka hana hou. Hoʻomoe ʻia nā hua manu i nā poho a me nā loko.
I ke kau moʻo kani o ka toad lepo i kekahi manawa me he mea lā he quacking. Hiki i nā amphibians makaʻu ke ʻūlū liʻiliʻi. ʻO ka ʻūlū ʻana o nā rana, ʻano o nā rana, kākaʻikahi a i kahi leo haʻahaʻa, puʻu. ʻO ka ʻūlū ʻana o nā rana, ʻano o nā rana, kākaʻikahi a i kahi leo haʻahaʻa, puʻu.
Nā ʻano kīʻaha lepo
Ma kahi o 600 mau ʻano o ka laiki lepo ma Lūkia, e noho nei 6. E wehe ka papa inoa me kahi mea maʻamau. Kapa ʻia ʻo sulfur. Kahiā ka ʻōpū o ka amphibian. He hina hina ka hope o ka toad.
ʻAʻole i ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o ka toad maʻamau ma mua o 7 kenimika. ʻO ke kino o ka laulā i 12. Hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i ka holoholona ma Central Asia a me ka Hikina hikina.
Ma ka hoʻohui i ka toad honua maʻamau i ka papa inoa o nā ʻano Lūkini:
1. Hikina hikina... ʻO ia, e like me ka hina, he maka ʻalani kona. Eia nō naʻe, ʻokoʻa ka waihoʻoluʻu o ka toad loa o ka Hikina Hikina. Ma kahi kua keʻokeʻo, aia nā kiko o ka leo brick a me nā māka ʻeleʻele. Noho ʻo Toads East toads i nā wahi kai i hoʻopiha ʻia a me nā nāhelehele malumalu, malumalu.
Aia he nui o lākou ma Sakhalin, ma ka ʻaoʻao hikina o Lūkia. Ma waho o kona mau palena, he laha ka laha i ka PRC a me Kōlea.
2. Ōmaʻomaʻo... ʻIke ʻia kekahi, akā ʻōmaʻomaʻo nā māka a liʻiliʻi ma mua o ka Hikina Hikina. ʻAno lahilahi ke kaha kiʻi ʻana. He hina hina ke kua. Ua hoʻopuehu ʻia hoʻi nā kiko ʻalani i ke kua. ʻO ke kala e like me ka paʻi camouflage.
ʻIke ʻia ka toad ʻōmaʻomaʻo ma waena o Rūsia i nā nāhele wai i hoʻopiha ʻia a me nā wahi pohopoho.
3. Ōlelo Monokolia... ʻO kēia toad he hina-ʻoliva. Nā kiko ʻōmaʻomaʻo. ʻO lākou ka nui o nā nui. Mālamalama ka ʻōpū. Manuahi nā warts kāne. Pāleʻa ka ulu o nā wahine i nā wahine. Noho nā lunamaka o nā lāhui i ka ʻaoʻao komohana o ka ʻāina.
4. Caucasian... He ʻeleʻele ia a ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o nā mākia lepo Lūkini ʻē aʻe, a hiki i ka lōʻihi o 13 kenimika. Mai ka inoa ka wahi e noho ai nā amphibians maopopo. I nā kuahiwi o ka Caucasus, ʻūlū nā toads i nā ana pulu.
5. ʻOhe... E like me ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo, akā ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi. ʻOi aku ka ʻalani o nā kiko o ka toad. Ma kahi o nā kiko ʻalani ma ke kua - brown. Aia nā puʻupuʻu ʻohe i ka palena o ka make. Inā laki ʻoe, hiki ke loaʻa nā lunamaka o nā lāhui i ka ʻāina Kaliningrad.
Hoʻohui ʻia kekahi mau rana i nā toads honua maoli. Ma kahi o ka hapalua o nā ʻōlelo, ʻaʻohe ʻokoʻa ma waena o nā manaʻo. No laila, ʻo ka paka ua ʻeleʻele ʻApelika nā mea ʻelua palaka lepo ʻeleʻele... Aia nā kihi o kona waha i lalo. He mea kaumaha kēia holoholona. Pehu mau ke kino o ka amphibian.
Aia nā toads maoli ma waho o Rūsia, no ka laʻana, ka pika poʻo ʻAmelika a me ka cricket. ʻO ka hope loa he melemele-ʻōmaʻomaʻo. ʻO kēia ka leo nui. Kaha - ʻeleʻele-ʻeleʻele. ʻO ka ʻōpū o ka cricket toad he kalima, a keʻokeʻo ka ʻāʻī i nā wahine a ʻeleʻele i nā kāne.
ʻO ka toad poʻo poʻo he 3 mau manawa ka nui ma mua o ka cricket, a hōʻea i 11 kenimika ka lōʻihi. ʻO ka inoa o ka laha ma muli o nā ʻaʻa kaulana kokoke i nā maka. Aia nā mea ulu i longitudinally. ʻO nā Lunamaka'āinana o nā lāhui ke kala i nā ʻano like ʻole, akā ʻoi aku ka māmā a me ka pouli o nā warts ma ke kino ma mua o ka leo nui.
ʻO ka toad nui loa ma ka honua, ka bloomberg, noho pū kekahi ma waho o Rūsia. Loaʻa nā lunamaka o nā ʻano i Colombia, ma ka panalāʻau o ʻEkuatoa. Ma laila, hiki i nā toads 30 kenimika ka lōʻihi. ʻO ka lalo o ke kino o ka holoholona he ʻōmaʻomaʻo keʻokeʻo, a ʻo ka luna me ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo uliuli.
ʻO Bloomberg's antipode ka mea pana Kihansi. ʻAʻole i ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o ke kino o kēia toad i 2 mau kenimika. ʻO kēia ka palena o nā kāne. ʻO Saki kahi kenimika nui aʻe. Eia nō naʻe, he kakaikahi nā laha iā lākou iho. Noho nā holoholona i loko o Tanzania. Aia ka wailele ʻo Kihansi. Ua koho ʻia nā Amphibians i kona hanohano. Noho lākou ma ka mōʻaukala ma 2 hectares ma ka wāwae o ka wailele.
Ma ka hopena o ka mokuna, haʻi mākou i ka toad yeah. ʻO ia ka lālā ʻino nui o ka ʻohana. I ka nui, ʻo nā agas nui he 2-4 kenimika wale nō ka haʻahaʻa o Bloomberg. Hoʻokumu ʻia ka honu toad e nā glands a puni ke kino. ʻO nā mea nui loa ma ke poʻo.
Pana ka lāʻau ʻino i ka mea lawehala. Hōʻalo ka toxin i loko o ka ʻili. No laila, weliweli ke hoʻopaʻa aga i kou mau lima. Make nā predators nahu i ka amphibian i loko o kekahi mau minuke. Paʻa ka lāʻau make i ka hana o ka puʻuwai.
Ma waho, he aha nā mea e ʻike ʻia ai nā wana prickly ma ke kua, nā lālā. ʻOi aku ka ʻili keratinized o ka holoholona ma mua o nā toads. ʻO ka maka o luna o ke aga ka palena o ka protrusion semicircular kūikawā. ʻO ke kala o ka toad he hina-ʻeleʻele me nā kikoʻeleʻele ma luna. ʻOi aku ka nui o nā kaha ma ke kua a me ka liʻiliʻi ma ke kino haʻahaʻa.
ʻAiʻai holoholona
He aha ka ʻai a ka ʻai? hilinaʻi hapa ʻia i kahi e ola ai. Hōʻuluʻulu i ka papaʻai me kahi kumu protein 100%. ʻAʻole ʻai nā toads i nā meaʻai mea kanu. Hoʻopili ʻia ka Predation i ka ʻai ʻana i nā ilo a me nā mea kolo.
ʻO ka mea ʻokoʻa ka papaʻai diet. Ma muli o ka lāʻau make, hiki nō hoʻi i ka amphibian ke hoʻopili i nā manu liʻiliʻi, nā koʻokoʻo, a me nā mea kolo.
I ka ākea o Rūsia, ʻai nui nā toads i ka filly, nā ants, earwigs, slugs, nā ʻenuhe, kaomi i nā nalo, nā makika. ʻO ka hapa nui ma ka papa inoa he poʻe mea make. nolaila ʻāpana lepo i ka māla a i ʻole ma ka ʻāina mahiʻai ia pono.
Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻole ʻike iki ʻia nā amphibians ma laila me nā lima hāmama. Pili ia i nā hilinaʻi kaulana. Manaʻo kekahi e lawe lākou i kāna warts i ka manawa pili i kahi holoholona. Manaʻo kekahi he hōʻailona nā toads i nā pūʻali o ka pouli. Hoʻohui kekahi poʻe i ka heroine o ka ʻatikala me ka make.
I ka pololei, ʻike mākou aia kekahi mau unuhi maikaʻi o ke kiʻi o ka toad earthen. Ma Kina, ʻo kahi laʻana, he hōʻailona ia o ka waiwai. Kāhea nā poʻe Celtic i ka toad ka haku o ka honua.
ʻO ka hana hou a me ke ola o ke ola
ʻO ka pane i ka nīnau, pehea e hānau ai nā toads lepo i Lūkia, ʻike ʻole ia - ka hoʻohua waho. Hoʻokuʻu ʻia ka hua manu i waho o ke kino. Ma laila e hoʻomomona ke kāne. ʻO nā hua manu mai nā toads kā lākou mau hua. E waiho ana kāna wahine wahine i loko o kahi waihona wai. Hoʻomaʻala ka kāne i nā hua ma laila.
ʻO Puddles, nā loko, nā auwai, nā muliwai muliwai i koho ʻia i waihona waihona no ka hoʻoulu ʻana i nā pēpē. Ma waho o Rūsia, aia kekahi mau ʻano i kau i nā hua i loko o nā kahawai. I kēia hihia, hoʻolako ʻia nā tadpoles me nā mea hānai. Aia lākou ma ka ʻōpū. Me ke kōkua o nā mea hānai, hoʻopaʻa ʻia nā tadpoles ma ka limu, nā pōhaku o lalo, nā snags.
Ma nā ʻāina ʻē, aia kekahi mau toads lepo i ʻō i waho o nā kino wai. ʻO nā Lunamaka'āinana o ka lāhui Pilipino e huli i kā lākou mau hua i nā koʻi lipi o nā lau lāʻau. Koi ʻo Toads i nā greens i ke kiʻekiʻe o kekahi mau mika.
ʻO nā ʻokoʻa i waena o nā toads ka poʻe e hoʻohana nei i ka pōʻai fertilization o loko. ʻO kēia mau ʻano viviparous. Hoʻomohala kā lākou mau hua i nā oviduct dilated. He mea hoihoi nā pulu viviparous āpau i ka liʻiliʻi, ʻaʻole lākou i ʻoi aku i 3 kenimika ka lōʻihi.
Pehea ka lōʻihi o ke ola ʻana o nā toads earthen pili nō hoʻi i ka laha. ʻO ka palena nui ka 25 mau makahiki, me ka palena iki o 5 mau makahiki. Eia naʻe, ua ola nā lunamaka o nā laha nui i 36 mau makahiki.
Pehea e hoʻolei aku ai i kahi kākā lepo
ʻO ka ʻai ʻana i nā ʻelala, ʻaʻole hoʻowahāwahā nā ʻōpala a ʻaʻohe makaʻu i nā mea kala like ʻole. Manu ʻole nā manu lele iā lākou. No laila aia mai pōmaikaʻi lepo. Ka hōʻino a i ʻole ʻaʻole hōʻino nā amphibians i ka māla. Akā no ka pono o kā lākou keu pono, ua hoʻokau ʻia nā ʻano toads he nui a puni ka honua.
No laila, no ka laʻana, ua hōʻea wau i Australia a me nā mokupuni ʻo Hawaiʻi. Ua hoʻokuʻu ʻia nā mea kū i hope i ke kula me nā ʻohe. Ua hoʻopau koke nā toads i nā meaola, mālama i ka mea kanu.
ʻOiai nā pōmaikaʻi o ka heroine o ka ʻatikala, manaʻo ka hapa nui pehea e hemo ai i kahi kākā lepo... E pili ana i nā manaʻoʻiʻo, nā stereotypes a me ka hōʻole wale i nā amphibians. Ma waena o nā ʻano hana no ka hemo ʻana i nā toads:
- mālama i nā moa e ʻai i nā amphibians
- ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe i kahi mai nā lau make, nā papa, ka ʻili a me nā wahi ʻē aʻe kahi e peʻe ai nā toads
- ʻoki mauʻu mauʻu e pono ai no nā pēpē no ka malu ʻana a me kahi malu
ʻO ka mea wale nō e hoʻopōʻino ai nā toads i nā māla mea kanu - nā lua. Ke hoʻolilo nei iā lākou i wahi no ka puʻuhonua, hiki i nā amphibians ke hoʻopā i nā aʻa o nā mea kanu. Hoʻopiʻi kekahi mau māla i ka hāʻule maoli o kā lākou kukama a me nā tōmato. Eia nō naʻe, no kēlā hopena, pono e nui nā toads. ʻO ka pinepine, noho wale kekahi mau kānaka ma ka pūnaewele hoʻokahi.
