Hōʻike a me nā hiʻohiʻona
Loaʻa kahi lunamakaʻaka hoihoi i nā manu ma nā kula Lūkini - bluethroat... Ke kaena nei ʻo ia i kahi lole kupaianaha wale nō, akā, i kahi leo nani hoʻi, ʻaʻole haʻahaʻa ia i ke ʻano o ke kani i ke mele ʻana o kahi nightingale, a he ʻohana kāna.
Pili kēlā ʻohana i ka ʻohana lele lele. Heʻuʻuku ko lākou, e like me ka nui o kahi sparrow kahua (ka lōʻihi o ke kino ma kahi o 15 cm), a hoʻonohonoho ʻia ma ke ʻano he passerine.
Maʻalahi e huikau iā lākou me ia mau manu, ma muli o kekahi like, inā ʻaʻole no nā kala ʻōlinolino o ka plumage.
Kū i waho nā kāne kāne me ka nani. ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona o nā bluethroats e kāhiko nui ʻia me ke kola o ka uliuli, ʻulaʻula, melemele a me nā kala keʻokeʻo. ʻO nā kāne, nona ka hulu e ʻālohilohi loa i ke kau moʻo, kū i waho o kā lākou mau ipo wahine e ke alo o kahi kala ʻeleʻele, kahi ʻālohilohi ma lalo o ke kuni ʻāʻī.
A ma wahine bluethroats kū'ē i ke kumu o ka pāʻani maʻamau o nā kala, ʻoiai me ka ʻole o nā kala ʻulaʻula a me ka polū, ma kahi i hōʻike ʻia hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i kahi ʻalani polū e hopu i ka maka o ka mea nānā. ʻO ka hope o ia mau manu ʻeleʻele, i kekahi manawa me ka hinahina hina, ʻoi aku ka māmā o ka ʻōpū.
ʻO ka kapa kiʻekiʻe i nā kāne he ʻulaʻula. ʻO ka huelo, e pelu a wehe aʻe e like me ka peahi nani, ʻeleʻele i ka hopena a ʻeleʻele i ka waena. ʻEleʻele ka nuku o kēlā mau mea ʻēheu.
Hiki i kēia mau manu ke hoʻohauʻoli i ka puʻuwai ʻaʻole wale ma ke kala o kā lākou plumage. He lahilahi a nani hoʻi lākou, a hoʻokūleʻa maikaʻi ʻia ka nani o kēia mau manu e ko lākou mau wāwae ʻeleʻele lōʻihi.
ʻO ka plumage o ka bluethroat wahine ʻaʻole i like kona nani me ko ke kāne.
Leo Bluethroat i kekahi manawa ua like loa ia me nā hana o ka nightingale trills hiki ke huikau ka wehewehe leo ʻana o kēia mau manu ʻelua. Aia ka mea huna i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo o nā ʻelele i hōʻike ʻia o ke aupuni hulu i hāʻawi ʻia e ke kūlohelohe me ka hiki ke hoʻohālikelike i ke mele ʻana o nā manu ʻē aʻe, e hoʻopuka nei i ko lākou mau leo.
E hoʻolohe i ka leo o ka manu bluethroat
ʻO ia nō paha ke kumu i kapa ʻia ai kēlā mau manu ma ka inoa ʻo "nightingales Suède". Kāhea ʻia lākou pēlā, ka mea i noho ma kahi o ʻekolu mau kenekulia i hala aku nei, iā Linnaeus, kahi ʻepekema kaulana-ʻauhauʻauhau.
No ka pono o ka pono, pono e hoʻomaopopo ʻia ʻaʻole nā ʻano like o ka "nightingale" a nā bluethroats hatch e like me kā kā lākou ʻohana leo, akā ʻoluʻolu loa ke hoʻolohe iā lākou. He hoihoi ia i kēlā me kēia o nā bluethroats i kēlā me kēia mele mele.
Kapa ʻia ka bluethroat ʻo ka nightingale Kuekene no kāna mele nani.
Eia ke ʻano o ke mele, ke ʻano o kāna hana hou ʻana, ke kani a me nā mele mele ʻē aʻe e ʻike ʻia e ke kumu.
Hiki ke kupaianaha loa mele mele bluethroat, ʻoi aku ka pololei, nā lunamakaʻāinana kāne o kēia ʻano ʻokoʻa, i ka manawa o ka hoʻomaka o nā hana male. Hoʻokomo lākou i nā ʻahamele, e hoʻomaka ana i ke kakahiaka nui, ke ʻono loa nā leo o nā manu, a hoʻopau wale i ka napoʻo ʻana o ka lā.
Ke hoʻopuka nei i ko lākou mau kumu, e noho ana ma nā lālā o kahi ululāʻau, nā ʻūhā, e hōʻike ana i kā lākou mau taleni i kā lākou mau ipo wahine, lele pinepine i ka lewa, e lele ana i kahi ʻano o kēia wā o ke ola o nā manu.
ʻO nā mele mele i ʻōlelo ʻia ma mua e hele pū ʻia me nā pihi, nā chirps a me nā whistles, i lawe ʻia mai nā lunamakaʻāinana ʻē aʻe o nā kaikuaʻana ʻēheu e noho ana i kaiāulu. Hoʻomaʻa pinepine nā manu i nā hui pū kani "varak-varak", ʻo ia ke kumu o ko lākou inoa.
Ma waho aʻe o nā wahi o ko mākou ʻāina, noho like kēlā mau manu ma nā panalāʻau nui o ko ʻAulopa a me ko ʻAmelika mau ʻāina, a loaʻa ma Alaska. I ka hoʻoilo, neʻe lākou i nā wahi mehana o ʻApelika ʻĀkau a i ʻole nā ʻaoʻao hema o ʻAsia, i nā ʻāina e like me India, kahi mea maikaʻi no nā ʻano āpau, a i ke komohana paha, i Pakistan, kahi e ʻimi ai e puʻuhonua i nā wahi o nā waihona waiho malū i nā nāhelehele ʻohe.
No kahi puʻuhonua i ka hoʻoilo, ua koho lākou i nā wahi ma ka hema o ka wao nahele ʻo Sahara, kahi nui o nā wahi wai, a me nā muliwai, kahi e momona ai nā kahawai.
Nā ʻano
Loaʻa i kahi ʻano like ʻole, ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia kēia mau lunamaka o ka honua ʻēheu i nā mea kōkua, a he ʻumikūmākahi ka huina. Hana ʻia ka puka ma ka nohona. A ʻokoʻa ko lākou mau lunamakaʻāinana i ka unahi kala o ka plumage, aia ma ho'ākāka o nā bluethroats kēlā me kēia hui.
ʻO kahi mea nui i ka hoʻoholo ʻana i nā ʻāpana ʻokoʻa kahi ka nui a me ka malu o ka wahi ʻāʻī. ʻO ka poʻe noho ma ka ʻākau Lūkini, Scandinavia, Kamchatka a me Siberia ʻike ʻia e ka ʻulaʻula o kēia hoʻonaninani, i kapa ʻia he "hōkū". ʻO nā bluethroats poʻo ʻulaʻula, ma ke ʻano he kūlana, he poʻe noho lākou ma ka ʻākau, loaʻa lākou ma Yakutia a me Alaska.
Aia ke kala keʻokeʻo i nā ʻoihana Transcaucasian, Central Europe a me Western Europe. ʻO ka Bluethroats e noho nei i ʻIrani e ʻike pinepine ʻia e ka loaʻa ʻole o kēia māka.
Eia kekahi, ʻokoʻa nā ʻelele o nā ʻano i wehewehe ʻia i ka nui. ʻO kahi laʻana, ʻo Scandinavian bluethroats, ma ke ʻano he rula, ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o ka Lūkini Lūkia, ʻo Tien Shan, nā ʻāpana Caucasian.
Kekahi bluethroat laha aʻe i emi uuku plumage.
Ka nohona a me ka nohona
E like me ka mea i ʻōlelo ʻia, ʻo kēia nā lunamakaʻāinana o ke aupuni hulu. Ke hele nei no ka hoʻoilo (ka mea maʻa mau ma ka hopena o ʻAukake), ʻaʻole lākou e ʻākoakoa i nā hipa, akā hele hoʻokahi i nā wahi mehana.
Ke hoʻāʻo nei e hana i ko lākou ala ʻaoʻao ma nā ʻauwa o nā kahawai, neʻe kēia mau mea ʻēheu, e kū pinepine ana i nā ulu lāʻau. ʻAneʻane hiki ʻole ke nānā i kā lākou huakaʻi, ʻoiai hana ʻia lākou i ka pō, a ʻaʻole makemake nā bluethroats i ke kiʻekiʻe a me ka laulā o nā mamao.
Pono e hoʻomaopopo ʻia no nā lele manu bluethroat i nā manawa āpau, ʻaʻole wale i ka wā o ka neʻe ʻana, moloā loa ia, a piʻi aʻe i ka lewa ke kūpono wale nō, mālama mau i ka honua. Holo wikiwiki kēlā mau mea ola, mai kēlā manawa a kēia manawa kū lākou, ʻoiai e wili nei i ko lākou huelo, a, e hoʻohaʻahaʻa ana i ko lākou mau ʻeheu, e hana i nā leo weliweli.
Hoʻi lākou mai kā lākou kahua hoʻoilo (ʻo ka hapanui mai India a me ʻApelika ʻAkau) ma kahi o ka waena o ka puna. I ka hiki koke ʻana mai, pīhoihoi nā kāne i ka ʻimi ʻana i kahi pūnaewele pūnana. ʻO ka nui he nui ka nui, i kekahi mau hihia - ʻoi aku ma mua o ka hectare.
Akā inā i ʻike ʻia kahi wahi, a laila e koho ʻia no hoʻokahi makahiki a ʻoi paha, ʻoiai mau loa nā ʻēheu nani i paʻa mau. No kēia kumu, hoʻomau nā ʻuniona ʻohana, i hana ʻia i kekahi manawa, no ka mea he ʻano maʻamau ko nā kāne ma mua e hoʻi mai nā wahi mehana i kahi like.
No laila hānau lākou i kā lākou keiki, hui hou me kā lākou mau hoa mua.
ʻOiaʻiʻo, aia kekahi mau hihia ke loaʻa nā kāne i kekahi, ʻelua a ʻekolu paha wahine i ka manawa hoʻokahi, ʻoiai ke kōkua nei e kōkua i kēlā me kēia kuko i ka hānai keiki. I ka manawa like, aia nā pūnana o nā ipo wahine, e like me kāu e koho ai.
Ma waena o nā bluethroats, aia kekahi mau wahine mehameha, lawe pinepine lākou i ka patronage ma luna o nā keiki i waiho ʻole ʻia me nā mākua no nā kumu like ʻole, a hānai maikaʻi i nā hānai, pani i ka makuahine.
Noho mau ʻo Bluethroats i nā kula me ka momona nui, kokoke i nā kahawai, nā kahawai, nā kahawai, ma nā kapakai o nā loko a ma nā pali o nā awawa. ʻOi aku ka makemake o kēia mea agile, nimble e hūnā mai nā maka prying, ʻoi aku hoʻi i ke kanaka, i nā mānoanoa o alder, willow, sedge, e koho ana i nā mauʻu a me nā nāhelehele.
Noho ʻo Bluethroats i nā nāhelehele a me nā ulu lāʻau
ʻO nā lunamakaʻāinana o nā ʻāpana ʻākau, e noho nei i ka nahele-tundra, makemake lākou e hoʻolōʻihi i nā ululāʻau a me nā ululāʻau.
ʻOiai ke akahele o nā bluethroats e pili ana i nā bipeds, ua maʻalahi ka poʻe e hopu i kēia mau manu nani. Akā i ke pio ʻana, he aʻa maikaʻi lākou a leʻaleʻa i nā mea nona nā manawa lōʻihi me ko lākou ʻano leʻaleʻa a me ke mele ʻana.
Meaʻai kūpono
I ka meaʻai, he unpretentious ka bluethroats, me ka leʻaleʻa e ʻai i nā meaʻai holoholona ʻelua: nā mea kolo, nā ʻenuhe, nā ʻenuhe, nā nalo, a me nā mea kanu mea kanu, mahalo lākou i nā hua.
ʻImi pinepine kēia mau manu i nā meaʻai kokoke i ka honua, e noʻonoʻo pono i kāna mau papa luna i ka ʻimi ʻana i nā mea pio, e lūlū ana i ka lepo a hoʻowali i nā lau i hāʻule i ka makahiki i hala. Akā i kekahi mau hihia, hoʻoholo ka bluethroat e hele i kahi alualu kai, no laila e hopu ana i nā lele a me nā mea kolo ʻē aʻe, a i ke kauwela ʻaʻohe hemahema o ia mau mea ʻono.
ʻO ka pinepine, e neʻe ana i ka honua i nā lele nui, ʻimi ka manu a ʻai i nā slug, spider, mayflies, caddis lele, ʻūhini. Hiki i nā rana liʻiliʻi ke lilo i waiwai pio nona.
ʻO kahi laʻana, ma hope o ka hopu ʻana i kahi ʻenuhe, manu bluethroat, ʻaʻole e omo koke i kāna mea pio, akā lulu mua iā ia me ka maikaʻi, ke hoʻomau nei e hana i kēia a hiki i ka lulu ʻana o nā ʻōpala hiki ʻole ke hoʻoluliluli ʻia mai kāna mea momona i manaʻo ʻia no ka ʻai i ka ʻōpū.
A ʻo ia wale nō ka manawa e hoʻomaka ai i ka ʻai, ua moni i ka yummy i hana ʻia. I nā wā o ke kau, he hewa ia no kēlā mau ʻelele o ke aupuni hulu ʻaʻole e ʻahaʻaina i nā hua, nā hua o ka cherry manu a me ka elderberry, kahi i ʻike ʻia kahi helu nui.
Hānai nā manu o ia ʻano i kā lākou keiki, hānai nui iā lākou me nā ʻenuhe, nā ʻūlū a me nā mea kolo. Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ka papaʻai o nā moa me ka meaʻai o ke kumu kumu.
ʻO ka hana hou a me ke ola o ke ola
I loko o kahi manawa koʻikoʻi o nā pāʻani moʻa, ʻimi nā keonimana i nā ʻano hiki a pau e hōʻike i nā wahine i ka nani o kā lākou plumage. Akā ʻoi aku ma mua - ma kahi o ʻApelila, ua ʻoi aku ka nui o kā lākou mau hoaaloha me ka hoʻi mai ka hoʻoilo no kekahi manawa, koho ikaika nā kāne a kiaʻi i ko lākou mau panalāʻau i wae ʻia, me ka makaʻala e mālama pono ana ke koena o ko lākou ʻohana i kahi mamao loa.
ʻAʻole pili ka Bluethroats, keu hoʻi i kēia wā. ʻO kēia ka mea nui na lākou, i hui pū ʻia i loko o kahi ʻohana ʻohana, e hānai i nā hope ikaika a olakino hoʻi o ka lāhui bluethroat.
ʻO ka hana hou aʻe ma hope o ke koho ʻana i kahi hoa e kūkulu i kahi pūnana. Kūkulu kēlā mau mea ola i kēia hale ʻoluʻolu no nā moa mai nā kumu a me ka mauʻu, ʻokiʻoki iā lākou me ka lumi o waho, a uhi iā lākou me ka fluff mai loko aku.
I ke kiʻi, nā hua bluethroat i ka pūnana
Hoʻokomo lākou i ko lākou mau kūkulu kokoke i ka wai i loko o nā mānoanoa o nā nāhelehele ma nā lālā haʻahaʻa, i kekahi manawa ma ka honua wale nō. Hiki pinepine ke ʻike i nā pūnana o kēia mau manu ma kahi o nā hale kanaka i nā ahu o nā lālā kahiko.
Waiho ʻia ma laila hua hua bluethroat (ʻo ka maʻamau aia a hiki i ka 7 o lākou) i loaʻa i kahi waihoʻoluʻu bluish-ʻoliva, i kekahi manawa me ka malu o nā kiko hina a ʻulaʻula ʻulaʻula paha.
Mālama ka wahine i kahi ʻāpana nui i ka hana o ka hānai ʻana i nā keiki, ʻoiai ʻo ka hoa wale nō e hana i ka hoʻoulu ʻana i nā hua (ʻelua mau pule ka lōʻihi o ke kau. Akā kōkua ke kāne iā ia i ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana i ka pūnana, hoʻolako i kāna wahine me ka meaʻai, hānai i nā keiki i hānau ʻia ma hope.
ʻO nā pīpī Bluethroat i ka pūnana
ʻO nā moa o ia mau manu nā mea motley i uhi ʻia me ka fluff brown-ginger me nā ʻoka ocher.
ʻOluʻolu ka keiki e ulu nei, me nā pono āpau o ka pūnana o ka makua no ʻelua mau pule wale nō. A ma hope o kēia manawa, pīpī bluethroat ke hoʻoikaika nei no ke ola kūʻokoʻa a me nā lele, akā kākoʻo nā mākua i ka pua me kā lākou mālama no hoʻokahi pule.
Mai poina nā keiki i ka panalāʻau kahi a lākou i ulu aʻe ai, e maʻa a e ʻimi nei e hoʻi i ka puna aʻe i ko lākou wahi maʻa mau. Noho mau kēia mau mea hulu nani no kahi o ʻekolu mau makahiki i ka nahelehele.
Kūleʻa ka heluna kanaka o nā bluethroats ʻākau. Akā ma ka waena o ʻEulopa, kahi i hoʻokahe ʻia nā wahi kai he nui, ua hoʻemi ʻia ka helu o kēia mau manu, kahi i lilo i ko lākou wahi noho.
