ʻO ke koʻikoʻi a me nā kūlana ʻano pilikino o ka tundra e koi ai i ka hoʻomanawanui lua ʻole a me ka hiki ke hoʻomanawanui i nā hihia āpau ʻaʻole wale i waena o nā poʻe, akā i waena pū kekahi. holoholona o ka tundra. I kēlā me kēia lā aia ka hakakā maoli no ke ola, e koi ana i nā poʻe āpau o ka tundra e ikaika a makemake ikaika.
Pono lākou e hiki ke kūpono i ka noho ʻana i nā wahi kahi e noho aliʻi ai ka permafrost, puhi ʻia ka mokuna holoʻokoʻa e ka makani anuanu, i ka hoʻoilo ua uhi ʻia nā mea āpau me ka hau, a i ke kauwela - e nā kahawai.
ʻO kekahi kanaka maʻamau maʻamau, ʻoiai no kekahi manawa, makaʻu ʻo ia e noʻonoʻo iā ia iho i kēia kuleana. Akā no kēlā me kēia kanaka i kēia ao he wahi i hāʻawi ʻia a kahi e ʻike ʻole ʻia ai kahi e hiki ʻole ai i kekahi e ʻoluʻolu maoli mai kahi e noho ai.
Pili ka mea like i honua holoholona o ka tundra... ʻO nā mea ola āpau i kona ola e aʻo e hoʻopili a noho i kahi, me he mea lā, ʻaʻole hiki ke ola.
He mea pono e hoʻomaopopo ʻia ʻoiai ʻaʻole maikaʻi nā ʻano o kēia wahi kūlohelohe, aia nō kekahi ʻano nui o nā holoholona, nā manu a me nā kamaʻāina o nā kino wai.
ʻAneʻane lākou āpau e hui ʻia e ka hiki ke hoʻohuli i ke ʻano hoʻokele waiwai e pili ana i ka ikehu o ke kino a hōʻiliʻili i ka momona subcutaneous. Hoʻohui ʻia, ʻaneʻane lākou āpau i lauoho lōʻihi a me nā plumage, koho rationally i nā wahi hānau.
Kēlā me kēia holoholona o ka tundra a me ka tundra nahele hoihoi a kū hoʻokahi i kona ʻano ponoʻī. ʻAʻole hiki ke haʻi e pili ana i nā kamaʻāina a pau o ia wahi i loko o ke kumumanaʻo o hoʻokahi ʻatikala, akā he mea pono ke nānā aku i kā lākou mau lunamakaʻāinana nui loa.
Reindeer
Hiki ke kāhea maluhia kēia holoholona paʻakikī kekahi o nā poʻe nui o ka tundra. He mea paʻakikī loa ia no ka heluna kanaka kūloko me ka ʻole o ia. Pili ʻo Reindeer i nā mammals artiodactyl.
Mai ke ʻano o ka holoholona, e ʻike ʻia kona kino elongated a me ka ʻāʻī a me nā wāwae pōkole e kūlike ʻole i ke kumukānāwai. ʻO kēlā ʻano kūkulu ʻaʻole e ʻino ka holoholona, akā ʻano ʻē paha. Nui lākou a liʻiliʻi iki. Noho nā mea mua ma ka ʻĀkau Hema. Hiki ke ʻike ʻia ka hope ma Taiga Siberia.
ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona hiʻohiʻona o lākou nā pepeiaohao, i pili i nā dia kāne a me ka wahine. E neʻe kēia holoholona nomadic ma loko o ka tundra, e like me ke ʻano o ke aniau a me ka manawa o ka makahiki.
Ua lilo ka hapa nui o lākou i mau holoholona a he waiwai kālepa no ka heluna kūloko. He ʻenemi ko ka dia ma ke ʻano o nā ʻīlio hae, wolverine, ʻalopeke arctic a me nā bea. Noho ʻo Deer ma kahi o 28 mau makahiki.
Polar Wolf
ʻAʻole ʻokoʻa kēia helehelena keʻokeʻo i kona mau hoa, koe wale no ke kala ʻōmaʻomaʻo o ka ʻahuʻula me nā hoʻohui kukui o ka ʻulaʻula. Eia kekahi, he huelo fluffy ko ka ʻīlio hae e like me ka ʻalopeke.
Me ke kōkua o kēia kala, hoʻowalewale ka ʻīlio hae iā ia iho i ka hau a hiki ke hoʻokokoke aku i kāna mau mea i hōʻino ʻia. Kupaianaha loa kēia ʻīlio hae i ka nui, a ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o nā wahine ma mua o nā kāne.
He 42 mau niho ikaika ka ʻīlio hae e hoʻoulu ai i ka makaʻu a me ka mea koa loa. Me kēia mau niho, hiki i ka holoholona ke ʻāʻū i nā iwi nui loa me ka pilikia ʻole. E like me nā poʻe ʻē aʻe holoholona e noho ana i ka tundra, ua aʻo ka ʻīlio hae polar e ola i loko o nā ʻano paʻakikī.
ʻO ka ʻōlelo e hānai ʻia nā wāwae o ka ʻīlio hae kūpono i kēia hihia. Loaʻa nā wāwae ikaika, hiki i ka holoholona ke hele i kahi mamao loa e ʻimi i ka meaʻai a i ʻole ke alualu ʻana i kāna mea pio.
Piʻi nā Wolves e pili ana i ka meaʻai. Eia kekahi, hiki iā lākou ke hana me ka ʻole ma kahi o 14 mau lā. He hekili hou kēia holoholona kula no nā kamaʻāina āpau o ka tundra. ʻAʻole lōʻihi nā ola, ʻaʻole ʻoi aku ma mua o 7 mau makahiki.
ʻAlopeke ʻAlika
ʻIke kēia holoholona nani i ka home i ka tundra. ʻAʻole maʻalahi ia no nā ʻalopeke Arctic e kiʻi i kā lākou meaʻai ponoʻī, i kekahi manawa e paʻa lākou mai ke anuanu. Akā ʻoluʻolu lākou e ʻoluʻolu i ka nui o ka tundra.
ʻO ka holoholona ka lālā liʻiliʻi loa o ka ʻohana canine. Pono nā ʻalopeke Arctic e hoʻolilo i ka hapa nui o ko lākou ola i nā mahana sub-zero. Akā hiki iā lākou ke hiki ke hoʻololi i nā ʻano nohona. I nā ʻike kūwaho, nui nā like o ka ʻalopeke Arctic me ka ʻalopeke.
Mahanahana loa ka hulu o ka holoholona ʻaʻole makaʻu ka ʻalopeke polar i nā hau hau ma -50 kekelē. I mea e hānai ai iā lākou iho, holoholo nā holoholona i kahi mamao loa he mau tausani mau kilomita. Hoʻololi ke kala o ka holoholona ma muli o nā kau like ʻole. I ka hoʻoilo, he keʻokeʻo ka ʻalopeke Arctic; me ka hōʻea ʻana o ka pūnāwai, loaʻa ʻoluʻolu ia i nā aka hina.
Hiki i nā holoholona ke hana pono i nā hale i ke ana o ka hau. Ma waena o nā holoholona, makaʻu nā ʻalopeke polar i nā ʻīlio hae, ʻīlio raccoon, ʻalopeke, a me nā ʻīlio hae. Ua luku ʻia ka hapa nui o lākou e ke kanaka, no ka mea, he waiwai nui ka ʻili o ka fox polar. Noho nā holoholona ma mua o 10 mau makahiki.
ʻO ka hare hare o ka Arctic
ʻO kēia hare polar ka mea i ʻoi aku ka nui ma waena o kona mau hoahānau. Aia nō kekahi mau ʻokoʻa ma waena o nā hares. ʻOi aku ka pōkole o ka pepeiao o ka Arctic ma mua o nā mea ʻē aʻe āpau, kahi e kōkua ai i kona kino e hoʻomau i ka wela.
Hoʻokomo ʻia ko lākou alo i mua me nā māiʻi ʻoi loa a me nā ʻūlū pelu a lākou e ʻeli ai i ka hau. Ma lalo o ka hau, loaʻa ka holoholona i ka meaʻai, ʻoiai inā lawa ia ma muli o kona ʻano pilau. ʻO nā ʻenemi nui o ka holoholona he ermines, nā ʻīlio hae, nā ʻalopeke arctic, nā lynxes, nā pueo keʻokeʻo. Noho nā hare keʻokeʻo Arctic ma mua o 5 mau makahiki.
Weasel
ʻAʻole pili kēia inoa i kēia holoholona. Heʻuʻuku ʻo Weasel, akā he predator, ʻike ʻia e kona agility a me ka ferocity. ʻO ka hulu o ka holoholona ʻeleʻele-ʻulaʻula.
I ka hoʻoilo, nā lole wea i loko o kahi kapa hulu keʻokeʻo hau me kahi puʻupuʻu lōʻihi. Ma nā wāwae pōkole ikaika o ka holoholona, hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i nā māiʻu ʻoi, me ke kōkua o ka holoholona e neʻe me ka pilikia ʻole ma o nā kumu lāʻau a haki nā lua o nāʻiole. Hoʻohana ka Weasel i ka lele ʻana e neʻe. Nānā ʻo ia i ka honua, e piʻi ana ma nā wāwae ʻelua.
He mea nui ia no ka weāle he nui nā meaʻai a puni ia. ʻAʻole ʻo ia e noho i kahi e ʻaʻohe mea e ʻimi ai. ʻO nā mea ʻokoʻa i ka makemake maikaʻi a i loko o kahi mau lā hiki ke luku nui i kahi lehulehu o nā rodents.
I ka hoʻoilo, neʻe ka holoholona i nā tunnels hau. A i ka wā o nā hau hauʻeha, ʻaʻole paha e ʻike ʻia ma ka ʻili no ka manawa lōʻihi. ʻAʻole pono nā Weasels e hālāwai me nā ʻīlio hae, nā ʻalopeke, nā ʻino, nā martens, a me nā manu o nā mea pio. Noho ka holoholona ma kahi o 8 mau makahiki.
Bear polar
ʻO kēia holoholona ka mea nui i waena o kona mau hoahānau. Kūpilikiʻi kona kino a kihi. I nā kau a pau, he kala keʻokeʻo-ʻeleʻele kā ka holoholona. ʻO ka ʻili ka hulu hipa a me ka undercoat, ka mea e hoʻopakele i nā bea mai nā hau ʻino, a hiki ke noho i loko o ka wai hau no ka manawa lōʻihi.
Me he mea lā he clumsy a clumsy ka bear polar. Akā hiki mai ka ʻike ke ʻike ʻoe i ke akamai o ka ʻauʻau a luʻu ʻana o kēia pilikua.
Ke lanakila nei i kahi mamao loa i ka ʻimi ʻana i ka meaʻai, ʻimi akamai ka bea. Weliweli loa ia i kānaka. ʻO kahi hālāwai me kahi bear polar e hoʻohiki i ka pilikia nui.
ʻO kēlā makemake ʻole i ka holoholona e hele mai paha ia mai kāna subconscious. Ma hope o nā mea āpau, ʻo ia ka poʻe ke kumu o ka hāʻule nui o ka nui o nā bea ma muli o ke kāʻili ʻana. ʻAʻohe ʻenemi o ka bea i waena o nā kamaʻāina ʻē aʻe o ka tundra. ʻO ke ola o kahi holoholona i ke kūlohelohe a hiki i 30 mau makahiki. I ka pio ʻana, hiki ke hoʻonui a 15 mau makahiki.
Bipi musk
Ua ʻike ʻia kēia holoholona ma kahi o 10 miliona mau makahiki i hala. ʻIke ʻia lākou ma ʻAsia. Akā ʻo ka loli o ke ʻano aniau i hoʻonāukiuki i ka neʻe ʻana o nā holoholona kokoke i ka ʻĀkau.
I ke kūlohelohe, e emi a emi mai ana no ka mea ʻo lākou ke kumuhana o ka ʻimi holoholona ʻana e nā kamaʻāina kūloko. ʻO nā ʻāpana āpau o ke kino musk bipi a ua hoʻohana ʻia e nā poʻe.
E like me nā holoholona ʻē aʻe o ka tundra, he ʻaʻahu mānoanoa ko lākou e kōkua i ka pakele ʻana mai nā hau paʻa loa. ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona kūlike ke ʻano o nā mākia, me ke kōkua o nā bipi musk e neʻe maʻalahi i nā māka hau a me nā pōhaku.
ʻAʻole maʻalahi no kēia mea hānai hānai e hānai i ka tundra. Ua hoʻopili lākou e ʻai i nā hua, nā lau, nā laikini. ʻO nā bipi musk nā holoholona laka. Ua hoʻomalu ʻia kā lākou harem e nā wahine a me nā kāne. ʻO ka ʻenemi o ka bipi musk kahi wolf, he bea, kahi ʻīlio hae. Noho nā holoholona ma kahi o 14 mau makahiki, akā aia kekahi i waena o lākou e ola ana a hiki i ka māka 25 makahiki.
Wolverine
Aia kekahi holoholona predatory i loko o ka ʻohana weasel, kahi hekili no nā holoholona he nui o ka tundra. ʻAʻole kēia e ʻōlelo he mea kupaianaha kēia holoholona i ka nui. ʻAʻole i ʻoi aku kona kaumaha ma mua o 30 kg, a ʻo ka lōʻihi o ke kino me ka huelo ma mua o ka mika.
Inā ʻoe e nānā aku iā ia mai kahi mamao aku, like ka holoholona me he bea lā a i ʻole badger me ka squat a me nā lālā clumsy i kona helehelena. He niho ʻoi loa kā ka mea ʻaihue e kōkua iā ia e hana lokoino me kāna mea pio.
ia holoholona o ka tundra o Rusia makemake ʻo ia e noho mehameha kokoke i kona ola a pau. Hui nā kāne me nā wahine wale nō i ka wā hānau.
He hulu waiwai loa nā Wolverines, no laila he mea hahai holoholona lākou no ka heluna kanaka kūloko. Aia kekahi mau hihia i hoʻohuli ʻia nā holoholona e nā kānaka a hana ʻia e like me nā holoholona.
Akā he nui ka poʻe e hoʻopaʻapaʻa nei ma hope o kekahi mau hanauna, noho mau nā wolobine a noho aloha ʻole ʻia i nā holoholona. ʻO ko lākou kali ʻana i ke ola i ka nāhelehele a hiki i 10 mau makahiki. I ke pio ʻana, hiki iā lākou ke ola i 7 mau makahiki keu.
Palemona
Pili kēia holoholona i nā rodents liʻiliʻi. Nui a hewahewa nā kaʻao i waena o ka heluna kaiaulu e pili ana i kēia mau koʻokoʻo liʻiliʻi. Wahi a ka lono e hana lākou i kahi nui o ka nui o nā suicides lehulehu.
ʻO ka neʻe ʻana o kēia mau holoholona i ka ʻimi ʻana i ka meaʻai i lawelawe ʻia e like me ke kamaʻilio kamaʻilio ʻana. Hoʻomaka nui kēia mau kaʻina no lākou a paʻakikī iā lākou e kāpae iā lākou. Mai lilo i mea keʻakeʻa i nā rodents a me nā muliwai nunui i ko lākou ala, kahi e make ai nā holoholona he nui. ʻO ka poʻe i ola e hoʻāʻo nei e hoʻopiha hou i ka heluna kanaka.
Aia kekahi poʻe e manaʻo i nā hiʻohiʻona mystical i nā lemmings ma muli o ko lākou mau māiʻuoa hoof a me ko lākou kapa keʻokeʻo. ʻLelo lākou ua huli lākou i werewolves i ka mahina piha a inu i ke koko o nā ʻīlio hae.
I ka poʻe superstitious, ke kani nei ka uē o kahi lemu e like me ka ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo a ka pōʻino nui. He holoholona ikaika kēia. Hōʻike lākou i kā lākou hana i ke ao a me ka pō. ʻAi ʻo Rodents i ka meaʻai mea kanu. ʻAi nā alopeke Arctic a me nā holoholona ʻē aʻe a me nā manu o ka tundra i nā lemona. ʻAʻole lākou e ola lōʻihi - ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku ma mua o 2 mau makahiki.
ʻĪlio Sled
ʻO ka lāhui ʻōiwi o ka tundra i hoʻohana i ka Siberian a me Eskimo Laika ma ke ʻano he ʻīlio sled. No nā ʻīlio hū nā aʻa o kēia mau ʻīlio. Lokoino a hakakā nā ʻīlio. Akā he hoʻokahi kūlana maikaʻi loa kā lākou - kūpaʻa mau lākou i ko lākou haku no ka wā pau ʻole.
Maikaʻi nā ʻīlio Sled i ka hoʻonaninani ʻana iā lākou iho i kahi ākea a i loko hoʻi o ka pā hau ikaika. Na kekahi o ko lākou mau kaha ʻike, hiki ke ʻike maʻalahi i ko lākou ala i ka home.
Aia ka hoʻomanawanui a me ka luhi ʻole i ko lākou koko. ʻAʻole lākou makaʻu i ke anu a lawa ʻole ka meaʻai. A hiki i kēia lā, makemake nui nā makemake i nā kānaka.
ʻO GopherʻAmelika
Pili kēia iʻa i nā koʻokoʻo squirrel. ʻO kēia holoholona kekahi laʻana o pehea e hoʻopili ai nā holoholona tundra i ke ola i kahi aniau paʻakikī. I ke kauwela, alakaʻi lākou i ko lākou ʻano maʻamau o ke ola.
I ka hoʻoilo, i mea e hoʻopilikia ʻole ai i ka meaʻai a me ka hau ʻole, hibernate wale nō nā gophers. Eia kekahi, ʻaʻole hiki ke kuhi hewa i kēlā gopher no ka mea make, no ka mea, lilo ka mahana o kona kino i minus a ʻaʻole hiki ke holo ke koko.
ʻOiai, i ka wā o ka hibernation, lilo ka nui o nā holoholona i ka paona, akā ke ola nei lākou. ʻO nā hālāwai me nā skuas, nā pueo hau, nā ʻīlio hae a me nā holoholona ʻānō ʻē aʻe o ka tundra hiki ke weliweli no nā gopher. Noho ʻo Rodents ma mua o 3 mau makahiki.
Liona kai
He pepeiao liʻiliʻi ko kēia mea hānai mammal kupaianaha, he palupalu mua a ākea hoʻi, lauoho pokole a manoanoa. ʻAi nui lākou i nā iʻa a me nā cephalopods. Hiki i ka liona kai ke noho i loko o ka wai no ka manawa lōʻihi ma muli o nā pale pale kūpono o kāna papa mānoanoa o ka momona subcutaneite.
Luu hohonu lākou i lalo o ka wai me ka pilikia ʻole. ʻAʻole ka hohonu o 400 m ka palena o ko lākou hiki no lākou. Noho lākou i ka hapa nui o ko lākou ola i ka wai e ʻimi nei i ka meaʻai. Hele lākou i ka ʻili wale nō e hoʻomaha ai, hoʻopulu i ka lā, i ka wā o ka molting a me ka hānau ʻana.
ʻAʻole nānā maikaʻi nā liona kai i ka papa. Akā i loko o ka wai ʻaʻohe o lākou mea like i ka plasticity a me ka hiki ke ʻauʻau maikaʻi. He manō a he kohola kohola nā ʻenemi o kēia mau mea mammal. Noho nā liona kai no 20 mau makahiki.
Sila
No ka sila kēia mea ola me ka helehelena maikaʻi. ʻO kāna papaʻai nā iʻa a me nā crustaceans. Ua manaʻo lōʻihi ʻia ia he mea kalepa waiwai, no laila ua emi a emi i kēlā me kēia makahiki. I kēia manawa, ʻo ka sila kahi kama'āina tundra i helu ʻia i ka puke Red.
Walrus
ʻO kēia pinniped kekahi o nā mea nui loa o kona ʻano. ʻO kēia holoholona kai nui kahi ʻili mānoanoa o kona ʻili a hoʻomohala maikaʻi ʻia hoʻi me nā ʻumiʻumi, kahi e hoʻokaʻawale ai iā lākou mai nā kamaʻāina ʻē aʻe o nā kino wai tundra. He maka liʻiliʻi ko lākou.
A ʻo nā lālā hoʻi, hoʻolālā ʻia lākou i mea e maʻalahi ai ka neʻe ʻana o lākou i ka ʻili ma mua o ka ʻauʻau ʻana. He mea pono e hoʻomaopopo ʻaʻole lākou e kolo, e like me ka nui o kā lākou hoa, akā hele wāwae i ka ʻāina.
Me ke kōkua o nā tusks, ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o ka pinniped e puka i waho o ka wai ma ka hau. E like me ke sila, manaʻo ʻia nā walrus ka mea waiwai nui o ke kālepa, no laila ua loaʻa iā lākou kahi hopena like. He ʻala maikaʻi ka hoʻomohala ʻia ʻana o kēia holoholona aloha, lohe ʻo ia i ka hoʻokokoke ʻana o kahi kanaka ma mua a hiki ke hoʻohuli i ka moku.
Loaʻa ka manaʻo o ka poʻe kamaʻāina āpau i ka mea i hāʻawi ʻole ʻia i kekahi poʻe - kū mau nā walrus kekahi i kekahi a inā pilikia kekahi o lākou e hele koke ke koena e hoʻopakele. ʻAʻole lākou e makaʻu wale i ke kanaka wale nō. ʻO nā ʻenemi no lākou ka bea polar a me ke kohola kohola. ʻO ke ola o nā walrus ma kahi o 45 mau makahiki.
Kohola kohola
ʻO kēia mammal cetacean i manaʻo ʻia he kohola kohola. A kāhea wau iā ia no kahi kumu. Nui ka makemake o ka kohola kohola. Inā maikaʻi nā mea āpau me kāna meaʻai, a ʻai ʻo ia i ka iʻa, crustaceans, a laila ʻaʻohe pilikia.
Me kahi hōʻike maopopo o ka pōloli, malihini ka kohola pepehi kanaka i nā pilina ʻohana a me ke aloha. Hiki i ka māmala ke ʻai i kahi iʻa, he penguin, a hoʻouka aku i kekahi koholā hou aʻe. Hana lākou me kā lākou mea i hōʻeha ʻia me ka loko ʻino kupaianaha.
Inā ʻaʻole hiki ke pepehi ʻia i loko o hoʻokahi swoop, hiki i ka kohola pepehi kanaka ke pepehi mālie i ka mea i hōʻeha ʻia, e nahu ana ma nā ʻāpana o kona kino. I ka wā o ka hahai holoholona, aia kahi kūlike kupaianaha, ke ʻano anuanu a me ka ʻoluʻolu.
Hana maikaʻi lākou i kahi kanaka. Akā i kēia hihia, paʻakikī e wānana pehea e hiki ai i kahi meaola predatory ke hana, keu hoʻi i ka wā hānau. ʻAʻohe ʻenemi o kēia mea formidable a loko ʻino hoʻi i ke ʻano. Noho nā kohola kohola ma kahi o 60 mau makahiki. Eia kekahi, ʻo ka lōʻihi o nā kāne he 5-10 mau makahiki ka liʻiliʻi.
Sila
Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā māmala o nā sila ma ke ʻano he walrus. Hoʻolilo lākou i ka hapa nui o ko lākou ola ma nā hau hau. Ma laila lākou e hoʻomaha ai, hana hou ai, a moult. I ka ʻimi ʻana i ka meaʻai, hiki iā lākou ke neʻe i mau haneli mau kilomita mai ko lākou wahi noho maʻamau.
Ua ʻike ka poʻe he hiki i nā sila ke uē, hiki wale kēia me ka waimaka ʻole. A hiki i kēia manawa, ua manaʻo ʻia nā lolo sila he mea ʻono maikaʻi loa e ka lehulehu kūloko. I kēia manawa lawe ʻia ka mammal ma lalo o ka pale o ke kanaka ma muli o ka hōʻemi nui ʻana o kāna heluna kanaka.
ʻAʻohe ʻenemi o nā sila. Me ka ʻokoʻa o nā kohola kohola a me nā ʻalopeke arctic, kahi i hōʻeha i kekahi manawa i nā pēpē hānau hou o kēia mau māmela. Noho nā sila ma kahi o 30 mau makahiki. ʻAʻole ola nā kāne a hiki i kēia makahiki o 5 mau makahiki.
ʻO Whitefish
ʻO ka iʻa mai ka ʻohana salemona i manaʻo ʻia he waiwai kalepa waiwai, no laila, e like me ka pinepine e hana ʻia ma ia mau hihia, ua emi nui ka nui o nā iʻa keʻokeʻo i kēia manawa.
Aia i loko o kāna ʻiʻo ka nui o nā meaola a me nā mea trace. ʻO ka papaʻai o ka iʻa me ka plankton, nā iʻa liʻiliʻi, nā ilo a me nā crustacea liʻiliʻi. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke ola o kēia iʻa waiwai he 10 mau makahiki.
Salemona
ʻO kēia salmon ʻAkelanika, a me nā kamaʻāina he nui o ka wai tundra, he waiwai nui. ʻOno loa a olakino hoʻi kāna ʻiʻo. Hiki i ka iʻa ke ulu i nā nui hoihoi.
Piʻi ka lōʻihi o kona kino i 1.5 m, a kaumaha ke kanaka makua ma ka liʻiliʻi 45 kg. ʻO ka nui a me ka ʻono o ka ʻiʻo e kau i ka manaʻo o nā lawaiʻa ikaika.
ʻAi ka iʻa i nā pūpū, nā crustacea a me nā iʻa liʻiliʻi. Wale i ka makahiki o 5-6 mau makahiki i lilo ka iʻa i oʻo kolohe. Ulu ulu pinepine ka iʻa. Noho ʻo ia ma kahi o 15 mau makahiki.
Pālena keʻokeʻo
ʻOiai kona palupalu a me ka nani, he kūpaʻa kupaianaha kēia manu. ʻAʻole i ʻoi aku kona lōʻihi ma mua o 40 cm, a ʻaʻole kaupaona ka manu ma mua o 1 kg. Ma ka ʻāʻī pōkole o ka manu, aia kahi poʻo liʻiliʻi me nā maka liʻiliʻi e like me ke kino.
ʻOiai ka pōkole o nā wāwae o ka manu, lako lākou me nā māiʻuʻu ʻoi e kōkua i ke kaulike a mālama pono i ka hau, a me ka lua i ka hau no kahi hoʻomaha iki.
Hoʻololi ka plumage o kahi manu i ka kau. I ka hoʻoilo, he keʻokeʻo hau ia. I ke koena o ka makahiki, loaʻa i ka manu nā pale brown me nā admixtures o nā keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo a me nā ʻeleʻele. ʻOiai ʻo ka ʻāpana manu kahi manu, ʻoi aku ka makemake e alakaʻi i kahi ola honua, hemo maoli ia no kahi manawa pōkole no ka mea paʻakikī ia e hana pēlā.
Noho kahi mea noho mālie i kahi ʻāpana, hānai i nā ʻūpā, nā nananana, nā ilo, nā lele, nā ʻūlū lūlū. I loko o ka wā i lawa ʻole ka ʻai ma muli o ke aniau, ʻike ʻia nā hua ma ka papaʻai o ka ʻāpana.
ʻO nā ʻenemi nui o ka hulu he poʻe hahai holoholona. E makaʻala ʻo ia i nā ʻalopeke Arctic, gyrfalcons, skuas. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke ola o kahi manu i ke kūlohelohe ʻaʻole ma mua o 4 mau makahiki. I ke pio ʻana, ua ʻike ʻia nā hihia i ka wā i ola ai lākou i 20 mau makahiki.
Swan ʻo Tundra
ʻO kēia manu kupaianaha ka mea liʻiliʻi loa i ka hoʻohālikelike ʻia me kona mau hoahānau āpau. ʻO ka swan swan he ʻelua mau manawa liʻiliʻi ma mua o lākou, akā like ke keʻokeʻo, akahai a me ka lokomaikaʻi. Ke emi a emi mai nei nā manu i ke kūlohelohe ma muli o ka lawaiʻa hāmama ʻana ma luna o lākou.
Mahalo ka lehulehu i kaʻiʻo swan ono a me kā lākou fluff nani. Hiki i kēlā lawaiʻa fanatical ke lilo i mea pōʻino no ka manu. Malia paha i kēia manawa e hiki mai ana, e lawe kahi o ka hulu i kahi papa inoa o nā manu ʻaneʻane make i loko o ka puke Red.
Loonā
Kū aʻe ka moa wai i waena o kona mau hoahānau ʻē aʻe. Ua like lākou me ka nui o ka gose a i ʻole ka ʻāpala nui. ʻOkoʻa ka lele ʻana i ka lewa mai kā lākou ʻohana ʻē aʻe e nā ʻēheu liʻiliʻi a me nā lālā, e like me ka huelo, ʻike ʻia hoʻi i hoʻolōʻihi ʻia i hope.
Hoʻohālikelike ʻia kā lākou lele ʻana e ke kuli o ke poʻo me ka ʻāʻī i lalo, ʻo ia hoʻi kahi ʻano o kēia mau manu. ʻAʻohe ʻokoʻa nui nā kāne a me nā wahine. ʻOi aku ka ʻoluʻolu o nā manu i ka wai ma mua o ka ʻāina, no laila hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike ma ke kahakai, akā kākaʻikahi loa.
He hoihoi loa lākou a ma ka manawa like ke hele wāwae kaumaha. ʻAʻole hele wāwae ʻo Loons, akā ke kolo nei ma ko lākou ʻōpū. Pili pū ka manawa hiamoe me ka wai i nā manu. Ma ka ʻāina pūnana wale lākou.
Hiki i kēia mea walaʻau walaʻau ke uē a walaʻau me ka leo nui, ʻaʻole ia he ʻano maʻamau no nā manu. He polygamous nā loona, mālama lākou i ke kūpaʻa i ko lākou ʻuhane i loko o ko lākou ola, a, ma ke ala, mau ma kahi o 20 mau makahiki.
Pueo pueo
He ʻano pueo hulu nani pupule o ka nui nui, poʻo poepoe a me nā plumage keʻokeʻo. Pēlā nā plumage i kōkua i ka manu e camouflage maʻalahi iā ia iho i ka hau. ʻO ka mea nui, ʻo ka pueo hau kahi mea hana predator. Aia i kāna papaʻai nā ʻiole a me nā lemu, nā ʻālehu, nā manu, nā ʻiole liʻiliʻi. I kekahi manawa hoʻohana ʻia ke kino a me ka iʻa.
Hulu ka hulu i kahi noho, i kekahi manawa hiki ke hopu i nā manu i ka lele. Pau ka pueo i nā mea i luku ʻia a hoʻololi ʻole; huki ʻo ia i kahi mea pio nona iho a haehae iā ia i mau ʻāpana liʻiliʻi me ke kōkua o kāna mau māiʻuʻu.
I ka wā hānau, hiki ke ʻike ʻia nā pueo hau e kahi uē nui a me ka uē ʻana. I kekahi manawa, ke pīhoihoi nui ka manu, hiki ke hoʻopuka i kahi trill e kani ana. ʻO ke koena o ka manawa, makemake kēia manu e hāmau hou. Makaʻu nā pueo polar i nā ʻīlio hae, nā ʻalopeke a me nā skuas. Ola no ma kahi o 9 mau makahiki.
ʻO Skuas
ʻO Skuas ʻo Charadriiformes. Hāʻawi kekahi iā lākou i nā ʻōpua. He nuku nui ko nā manu i uhi ʻia i ka ʻili. Ua palahalaha kona piko, a ua poepoe kona kumu. Ma ka luna, kukuli ka nuku i lalo. He lōʻihi lōʻihi ka lōʻihi o nā ʻeheu a ʻoi loa.
Poepoe ka huelo me 12 hulu. He ʻauʻau akamai nā manu, ʻaʻole hiki ke ʻōlelo ʻia e pili ana i ko lākou hiki ke luʻu, no laila makemake lākou e ʻimi i nā iʻa e ʻau kokoke i ka papa. Hoʻohui ʻia, makemake lākou i nā rodents liʻiliʻi a me nā mollusks. ʻAʻohe o ko kēia mau manu ʻenemi i ke kūlohelohe. Noho lākou ma kahi o 20 mau makahiki.
Merlin
No ka falcon kēia manu a manaʻo ʻia ʻo ia kekahi o nā mea nui loa o kēia ʻano. Hiki i nā wahine ke kaupaona i 2 kg. ʻO nā kāne he 2 mau māmā māmā. ʻO Gyrfalcones he brown-hina i ke kala me nā keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo. ʻAʻole lākou makemake e lana i ka lewa. Lele wikiwiki lākou, lele koke i ko lākou mau ʻeheu.
ʻAno like ka manu me nā perconto falcons. ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona hiʻohiʻona ka huelo; i ka gyrfalcon ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi. I ka wā kau kupulau, lohe ʻia kahi leo haʻahaʻa o ka gyrfalcon me nā nota kiʻekiʻe. Hānai manu hulu a me nā manu liʻiliʻi.
Lokoino ka hana o ka luku ʻana i ka mea i hōʻeha ʻia. Haki ʻo Gyrfalcon i kāna lāʻau kolo cervi a nahu paha i ka hope o kona poʻo. ʻO nā ʻano hopu o nā gyrfalcons ua mahalo lōʻihi ʻia e ka poʻe, no laila he nui nā mea ʻimi holoholona i hoʻohuli i ka manu a hoʻolilo iā ia i mea kōkua kōkua hiki ʻole ke hoʻohuli ʻia. Noho nā manu ma kahi o 20 mau makahiki.
Pākuʻi Peregrine
ʻO kekahi lunamakaʻāinana o ka falcon kahi kamaʻāina o ka tundra. ʻO Falcons kekahi o nā manu nimblest a wikiwiki loa o ka honua. ʻO ka manu wale i hiki i ka falcon ke hāʻawi i ka lele ākea ʻo ia ka wikiwiki.
Makemake nā manu e alualu i nā nūnū, i nā starling, i nā pālule, i nā māmele. Kūpono ʻole ka heluna kanaka o kēia mau manu i kēia manawa. Ua hoʻomaka ka emi ʻana o kā lākou helu ma hope o ke Kaua Honua ʻElua.
Ikaika nā manu, ʻeleu, me ka umauma ākea. ʻO ke kala o ka hulu o falcon e hoʻomalu ʻia e ka hina me nā kaha ʻeleʻele. ʻIke maopopo ʻia nā hulu ʻeleʻele ma nā wēlau o nā ʻeheu.
ʻAi kēia mau mea ʻaihue i nā manu liʻiliʻi like ʻole, nā ʻūlū, nā ʻōpeʻapeʻa, nā bea, nā ʻūlū lepo, nā lemu, a me nā voles. Hiki ke hāʻawi palekana ʻia nā Falcons i ke ʻano o nā ʻaʻa loloa, ola lākou a 100 mau makahiki a ʻoi.
