Lele ʻāpopo a i ʻole kiʻi ʻia ka inoa o ka nalo o ka scorpion mai kona helehelena. Pau ka ʻaoʻao o ka ʻōpū o ka lele kāne me nā mānoanoa like loa me ka caudal metasome o ka scorpion. I ka wahine, maʻamau ka ʻōpū. ʻAʻohe mea ʻē aʻe i waena o ka lele a me ka moʻo huelo ʻawa. ʻAʻohe mea hōʻino loa ka lele.
Manaʻo ʻia ʻo Scorpionworms kekahi o nā lāhui kolo kahiko loa e hele i nā pae o ka loli. Kaikamahine Scorpion, ma ke ʻano he laha, ua ʻike ʻia he 500 a ʻoi aku miliona mau makahiki aku nei i ka wā Paleozoic. I ka Mesozoic, ma kahi o 250 miliona mau makahiki i hala aku nei, ua hōʻea ka laha like ʻole o nā lele i kona apogee. Ua pālahalaha lākou ma ka mokupuni nui o Pangea.
I kēia mau lā, ʻike pinepine ka poʻe ʻepekema i nā mōʻalihaku me nā kino o nā nalo i paʻi ʻia ma luna o lākou. Nui a hewahewa nā mea ʻike i hoʻonohonoho ʻia i nā lele prehistoric. ʻO ka hapalua o nā laha i ʻike ʻia i ka ʻepekema he pepeke pau ʻole. ʻO kā lākou hoʻohālikelike me nā mea e kū nei e wehewehe i nā kaʻina hana hoʻomohala ma ka Honua, hāʻawi i ka ʻepekema o nā filogenetics.
Hōʻike a me nā hiʻohiʻona
ʻO nā lele Scorpion makua - nā kolo i ke anuu i kapa ʻia ʻo imago - like lākou i ka morphology a me ka nui i nā nalo ʻē aʻe. ʻAʻole i ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o ke kino ma mua o 1.5 cm, kaupalena ʻia ka ʻēheu i 3 cm. Lei kalaunu ʻia ke kino ʻeleʻele-melemele me kahi poʻo me kahi rastrum, kahi ʻaoʻao elongated mua, kahi e loaʻa ai kahi mea hana waha me nā ʻāʻī o ka ʻāʻī. Hiki iā lākou ke hoʻohua nahu kīkala.
Puka mai nā antennae-antennae ʻelua mai luna o ke poʻo. ʻO kēlā me kēia antenna nā ʻāpana ʻokoʻa. Hiki iā 16 a 60 paha o lākou, ke kaukaʻi ʻia i ke ʻano o ka scorpionfish. Hāʻawi ka hoʻolālā ʻāpana i ka maʻalahi a me ka ikaika i ka manawa like.
ʻO ke kumu o nā antennas nā sensorics, ʻike ʻia o nā hōʻailona kemika e hele mai ana mai ka meaʻai a i ʻole kahi wahine moe kolohe. ʻEkolu mau maka o ke kaikamahine scorpion ma kona poʻo. ʻO kēia mau kino neʻe ʻole o ka hihiʻo me nā capsule protruding noho kokoke i ka ʻaoʻao holoʻokoʻa o ke poʻo.
He ʻike kala ko ka lele i ka honua, akā ʻike maikaʻi ʻole i nā kikoʻī liʻiliʻi. Hiki iā ia ke hopu i nā kukuna o ke kukui me ke alapine o 200-300 Hz, ʻo ia hoʻi, he pōkole ka hihi o ka lele. Hiki i ke kanaka ke ʻike i ka flickering a i ke alapine o 40-50 Hz. A laila hoʻohui ʻia nā mea āpau i ka mālamalama mau.
He akahai ka nui o Scorpio, e like paha me ka makika
ʻO kahi lālā nui o nā nalo ʻo ia ka moku ʻoi. Hoʻonohonoho manuahi ʻia me ke poʻo a me ka ʻōpū. Hoʻopili ʻia nā ʻeheu a me nā lālā ma ka ʻaoʻao o ka umauma. ʻO nā ʻeheu, translucent me nā kiko ʻeleʻele, hoʻomohala maikaʻi ʻia, akā ʻaʻole makemake nā kaikamahine scorpion e lele. Nā lele pōkole o kekahi mau mika - ʻaʻole ʻaʻa ka lele no nā mea hou aʻe.
He ʻelua mau ʻeheu o ka lele. ʻO ka ʻēheu mua i ka lua i ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o ka ʻēheu hope. Ua pelu ʻia nā ʻeheu i hoʻokahi mokulele. Hoʻopilikia ʻia me kahi ʻie kūlike ʻole o nā pae hoʻoikaika (veins). I ka ʻāpana mua o ka ʻēheu, aia nā mānoanoa cuticular (nā hoʻokumu ʻole ʻole pūnaewele).
Hoʻopili nā wāwae o ka ʻenekini i ka ʻaoʻao umauma o ke kino o ka scorpion. Ke holo nei nā lālā me ka wāwae me 5 mau ʻāpana a me nā māiʻuʻu ʻelua. Ma waho o ka hana o ka neʻe, i nā kāne e hana nā wāwae i kekahi hana nui. Me kā lākou kōkua, paʻa a hoʻopaʻa ʻia ka wahine i ka manawa o ka hānau ʻana.
ʻO ka ʻōpū o nā nalo he cylindrical a he 11 mau ʻāpana. ʻO ka hopena o ka huelo i loko o nā kāne e puʻunaue ʻia i nā ʻāpana a ʻūlū i luna. Hāʻawi i kahi ʻano like i ka huelo o ka scorpion. I ka hopena o ka huelo o ke kāne aia kahi mānoanoa genital i ke ʻano o kahi māiʻuʻu. ʻO ia, ʻo ka pau ʻana o ka huelo o nā kaikamahine scorpion he mau hana hānau wale nō.
ʻO ka poʻe, ke ʻike nei i kahi wīwī kāne e lele ana, hoʻomanaʻo koke i ka moʻo huelo ʻawa. Aia ka makaʻu maoli i ke ʻō ʻia. Eia kekahi, manaʻo ʻia he make make ka poʻe ʻōhua i ka scorpion. Akā ʻo ka huelo o kahi lele, no laila like me ke ʻūlū, palekana loa ia.
ʻO ke kāne wale nō ka simulator mea kaua. ʻIngkā wahine Scorpion aiʻole e nalowale ana kona ʻano. ʻAʻohe ʻike maopopo ʻia nā ʻenela lele Scorpion mai nā ʻenuhe butterfly. ʻO ke poʻo ʻeleʻele he 2 antennae a me nā maka i hoʻopuka ʻia.
ʻO ka ʻāpana nui o ke poʻo ka waha, i hoʻolako ʻia me nā ā. Hoʻohana nui ʻia ke kino elongated. Pākuʻi nā wāwae thoracic pōkole loa i nā ʻāpana mua ʻekolu. Ma nā ʻāpana aʻe o ke kino he 8 mau paʻa o nā wāwae ʻōpū.
ʻO ka mānoanoa ma ka hopena, no laila ke hoʻomanaʻo nei i ka huelo o ka moʻo huelo ʻawa, aia wale nō i nā moʻo huakaʻi kāne
Nā ʻano
ʻOrpiwi Scorpion (Mecoptera) he hui ʻōnaehana nui (ʻauhau), kahi e komo pū ai ka ʻohana scorpion (inoa ʻōnaehana Panorpidae). Hāʻawi wale ʻia nā genera 4 i kēia ʻohana, akā nui ka ʻokoʻa o nā ʻano. Ma kahi o 420 mau ʻano i manaʻo ʻia he scorpion maoli.
Hoʻolahalaha ʻia nā ʻano lele o ka Scorpion ma nā ʻāina āpau. I ka hōʻuluʻulu, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi ma mua o 3 he ʻumikūmālua mau ʻano e noho nei ma nā panalāʻau ʻEulopa a me Lūkia. Ma ka ʻāpana ʻEulopa o Lūkia a ma ʻō aku hoʻi o ka Ural, 8 mau ʻano lele e noho nei a hānau:
- Panorpa komunis. Kaulana ʻo scorpionfish... ʻO ka wehewehe ʻepekema o kēia lele i hana ʻia i ka makahiki 1758. Hoʻolahalaha ʻia ma ʻEulopa a ma loko o Rūsia, koe wale no nā latitu ʻākau.
- Panorpa horni. Hoʻokomo ʻia i loko o ka mea hoʻohālikelike olaola i 1928. Hoʻolaha ʻia ma luna o ka hapa nui o Lūkia.
- Panorpa hybrida. Ua noiʻi a wehewehe ʻia i ka makahiki 1882. Ma waho o Rūsia, loaʻa ia ma Kelemania, Romania, Bulgaria. ʻIke ʻia ma Pinilana.
- Panorpa cognata. Ua wehewehe ʻia ka lele ma 1842. Hoʻolahalaha nui ʻia ia i nā ʻāina o ʻEulopa ʻEulopa. Mai Rusia mai a hiki i ka ʻĀkau o ʻAsia.
- Panorpa amurensis. ʻO Scorpion, kahi a nā meaolaola i ʻike mai ka makahiki 1872. ʻO nā ola a me nā lāhui ma ka Hikina Rūkia Lūkia, aia i Kōlea.
- Panorpa arcuata. ʻO ka wehewehe ʻepekema i hana ʻia ma 1912. ʻO kona homeland ka Lūkia Hikina hikina.
- Panorpa indivisa. Ma 1957 wale nō kahi wehewehe ʻepekema i hoʻoponopono hou ʻia. ʻO ka lele ka mea maʻamau i waenakonu a ma ka hema o Siberia.
- Panorpa sibirica. Noho ma ka hema hikina o Rūsia mai kahi e lele ai i Mongolia a me nā ʻākau o Kina. Hōʻike kikoʻī ʻia ma 1915.
Kekahi laha o ka scorpionfish i loaʻa i loko o Rusia.
I loko o kekahi mau haneli mau ʻano lele o ka scorpion, ʻike mau ʻia ka scorpionfish maʻamau. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ke aʻo ʻia ma mua o nā mea ʻē aʻe a pālahalaha ʻia ma ʻEulopa, a ʻo Rūkia pū kekahi. Scorpion ma ka kiʻi -ʻo ka pinepine he scorpionfish maʻamau ia. ʻO ka manaʻo o kēia mea kolo ke kamaʻilio lākou e pili ana i ka lele ʻana o ka moʻo huelo me ka hōʻike ʻole ʻana i ka inoa ʻepekema o kēia ʻano.
Ka nohona a me ka nohona
ʻIke ʻia nā lele Scorpion i nā helu he nui i nā ulu lāʻau, nā mauʻu kiʻekiʻe, nā ululāʻau liʻiliʻi. Makemake lākou i nā wahi malū, a maʻū hoʻi kahi e ʻūlū ai nā mea kolo ʻē aʻe. ʻIke ka Scorpionworms i nā manawa maloʻo a i ʻole hau ke hele lākou i ka pae manu a i ʻole ka pupa.
Ke makemake nei e loaʻa kahi ʻāhiu holoholona hihiu ma ka home, ua hoʻomaka kēlā me kēia mea hoihoi i ke kūkulu ʻana i nā insectarium. Loaʻa i kēia mau vivarium insect nā butterflies tropical. Ua hoʻonui ʻia ka ʻike kūpono i ka hana pū ʻana me lākou. ʻO nā arthropods ʻē aʻe ka hope.
Ua hoʻokō ʻia nā hoʻāʻo kūleʻa e mālama i nā kaikamahine scorpion. Hele maikaʻi lākou i waena o ko lākou mau lāhui ʻohana. ʻAʻole paʻakikī e hāʻawi iā lākou i ka meaʻai. ʻAʻole pono nā kaikamahine Scorpion i kahi no nā lele lōʻihi. ʻO ka nānā ʻana iā lākou he mea hoihoi e like me ka nānā ʻana i nā iʻa i loko o kahi aquarium. Entomologists - nā ʻoihana a me nā amateurs - ke hoʻoholo nei nō i ka mālama ʻana i ka home o nā scorpionworms.
No ke kanaka, ʻaʻole hoʻokau ka wahine scorpion i kahi makaʻu, kūʻē i ka manaʻo nui, ʻaʻole hiki iā ia ke ʻeha
Meaʻai kūpono
ʻO kēlā me kēia make i waena o nā invertebrates kahi manawa kūpono e ʻai ai nā moʻo huakaʻi. Ma waho aʻe o ka ʻiʻo make, ʻumeʻume ʻia nā lele o nā mākua e nā mea kanu pala. Ke ʻike nei i kahi pepelu i hoʻopili ʻia i kahi pūnaewele, hoʻāʻo ka kaikamahine scorpion e hele i mua o ka nananana a ʻai iā ia. Lawe ʻia e nā mea kolo, hiki i ka wahine scorpion ponoʻī ke lilo i mea ʻanalāʻau.
Lele ʻāpopo, he kiʻi ʻo ia ka mea e hoʻopaʻa pinepine ʻia e kāna kau ʻana i luna i lalo, ʻaʻole wale na ka mea ʻāpala, akā e ka mea ʻimi holoholona hoʻi. Mai kēia kūlana, hopu ʻo ia i nā makika a me nā lele ʻē aʻe me kona mau wāwae wāwae lōʻihi lōʻihi. Pau kekahi mau laha i ka pollen a me ka nectar me ka hoʻohui i ka ʻiʻo. Aia nā nalo e omo i ka ʻike o nā hua. ʻO kahi laʻana, ʻo ka lele o ka scorpion lele o Siberia Hema ke kumu o ka hōʻino nui ʻana i ka hua currant keʻokeʻo.
Lele larvae, neʻe i ka papa luna o ka substrate, komo i nā meaʻai i loaʻa loa i kēia papa ola - nā koena mea kanu, aia i ka hopena hope ma mua o ka lilo ʻana i lepo. ʻO kēia mea mea pono ʻole ka momona o ka mea maikaʻi i ka hana ʻana o ka hana iki i kāna digestion.
Hiki i ka wahine Scorpion ponoʻī ke kiʻi i ka ʻaina awakea me kahi pepeke kolo a manu paha. Hoʻohui ʻia i nā nananana, ʻimi ʻia lākou e nā ʻelele predatory, e pule ana i nā mantise. ʻO nā manu, ʻoiai i ka wā o ka hānai ʻana, lilo i ʻenemi helu ʻekahi. Hiki i kahi huelo e like me ka moʻo huelo ke lilo i mea pale maikaʻi. Akā ua hoʻonele ʻia nā wahine. Hoʻokahi mea i koe - e hoʻonui pinepine.
ʻO ka hana hou a me ke ola o ke ola
E lele i waho o ka chrysalis ʻenuhe kope hana me nā pilikia ʻelua: ke ʻimi nei i ka meaʻai a me ka hānau ʻana. No ka loaʻa ʻana o nā hoa, hāʻawi nā wahine scorpion i nā hōʻailona kemika - hoʻokuʻu lākou i nā pheromones. Ke noho nei i nā mānoanoa a ʻaʻole maikaʻi nā maka, ʻo ke kamaʻilio kemika ke ala pono loa e hana i kahi pālua.
Hoʻohana ka scorpionfish kāne i kahi ʻenehana i hoʻāʻo ʻia. Mālama lākou i ka wahine kokoke iā lākou ma ka hūnā ʻana i nā huna salivary. ʻO ka wahine, ka omo ʻana i nā kulu wai, a lilo i kumu hou aʻe a hāʻawi i nā kuleana o ke kāne. Hoʻohui nā kolo no kekahi manawa ʻoiai hānai ke kāne i kāna hoa me ka lihi.
Loaʻa i nā kāne o nā ʻano scorpion kekahi ʻano like i kā lākou arsenal. Hāʻawi lākou i kahi nahu ʻai a i kahi ʻenemi make make ʻole paha. Aia ka lōʻihi o ke kaʻina hana hoʻopili i ka nui o nā meaʻai i hāʻawi ʻia. Ke pau ka ʻai, pau ka makemake o nā mea kolo.
Ma hope o ka hui ʻana me ke kāne, hoʻomaka ka wahine e ʻimi i kahi me ka lepo wai. Kau ʻia nā hua he 2-3 kakini i nā papa o luna o ka ʻūlapa. ʻAʻole lōʻihi ke ʻano o ke ola ʻana i ka pae hua manu, he 7-8 mau lā wale nō. Hoʻomaka koke ka larva e hoʻomaka nei e hānai.
Pono ka larvae e loaʻa ka nui a me ka nui i lawa no ka pupation. Ua hoʻonui ʻia ma kahi o 10 mau manawa, kolo ka larva i ka mānoanoa o ka substrate a me nā pupates. I ka wā pupal, hoʻolimalima ka ʻenekeke ma kahi o 2 mau pule. A laila aia kahi metamorphosis - lilo ka pupa i lele.
ʻO ka manawa o ka hoʻololi ʻana o kahi hua manu i loko o ka larva a me ka pupae i kahi lele hiki ke hoʻoliʻiliʻi nui. Aia ia i ka manawa o ka makahiki āu i kēia mokuʻāina. Maʻalahi ka hana - e moe i ka honua i ke kau anuanu a maloo paha. Kūleʻa ke kūlohelohe i kēia.
Kū mai nā ʻūlū i ka wā ʻaʻole paʻa a maloʻo ka honua, ke nui nā koena popopo i ka lepo. ʻIke ʻia nā lele ma hope o ka haʻalele ʻana o nā mea ʻino ʻē aʻe - nā meaʻai kūpono no nā wahine scorpion. Ma ke ala waena i ke kau kau, ma ka liʻiliʻi 3 mau hanauna o nā wahine wahine kalaika e ʻike ʻia. I ka mokuʻāina makua, aia nā lele mai hoʻokahi mahina a i ʻekolu.
I loko o ke kiʻi, ka ʻenela scorpion
ʻIkepili Hoihoi
ʻO ka entomologist Austrian A. Handlirsch, ua ʻimi ʻia i ka makahiki 1904 kahi fossil i loaʻa kahi lele lele maikaʻi. ʻO ka huelo o ka pepelu fossil i alakaʻi hewa i ka ʻepekema. Ua manaʻo ʻo ia ua loaʻa iā ia kahi ʻano prehistoric o ka scorpion, ʻo Petromantis rossica. Ua ʻike ʻia ka hewa a hoʻoponopono wale ʻia ma hope o hoʻokahi hapahā kenekulia e ka entomologist A. A. Martynov.
Ua ʻike ʻia ke ʻano hope loa o ka lele scorpion (Mecoptera) i kēia manawa. I ka 2013, ua ʻike ʻia ʻo ia ma kahi hānai holoholona Brazil ma ka mokuʻāina ʻo Rio Grande do Norte. Hōʻike kēia i nā kūlana ʻelua:
- hiki ke hoʻopiha ʻia kahi ʻohana nui o nā moʻo huelo ʻino no ka manawa lōʻihi;
- ʻike maikaʻi ʻole ʻia ka nahele Atlantika e mākaʻikaʻi ʻia a mākaukau hoʻi e hōʻike i ka poʻe me nā ʻike botanical a me nā meaola hou.
ʻO nā kolo, me nā lele o ka scorpion, lilo i mau kōkua forensic i kekahi manawa. ʻO kēia mau mea aloha i ka ʻiʻo ola ʻole ka mea mua ma ke kino o kahi mea make a holoholona paha. Waiho koke ʻia nā hua. Wahi a ke kekelē o ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā hua manu, nā larvae, ua aʻo ka poʻe loea i ka helu pono ʻana i ka manawa o ka make.
ʻO ke aʻo ʻana i nā meheu i waiho ʻia ma luna o ka mea make e nā nalo, nā ants, nā nalo e hiki ke haʻi nui i nā loea forensic. Me ke kōkua o ka noiʻi entomological, kūkulu ʻia kahi kaulahao holoʻokoʻa o nā hanana i kū i ke kino ma hope o ka make ʻana o ke kanaka.
ʻIke ʻia ʻo nā kāne o kekahi mau ʻano scorpion e kaʻana like i kā lākou huna salivary me ka wahine. Hāʻawi kekahi i ka wahine i wahi meaʻai e loaʻa iā ia ke aloha. ʻAe ka wahine i ka pili aloha o ke kāne i pānaʻi no ka meaʻai. Loaʻa kahi male pōkole o ka maʻalahi.
ʻAʻole makemake nā kāne āpau e ʻimi i kahi pio. Hoʻomaka lākou e hoʻohālike he wahine, hana hou i kā lākou hana. Hāʻawi ka mea nona ka pīhoihoi i kahi makana male iā ia i kahi kāne hoʻomeamea. Loaʻa iā ia kahi ʻāpana o ka meaʻai, kū i ka hana ʻana, haʻalele i ka mea ʻimi hoʻopunipuni i ka hauʻoli pilikino me ka ʻole.
