ʻO ka Teritori Krasnoyarsk ka mea i like me ʻehā Farani. Mai ka ʻākau a hiki i ka hema, mai Severnaya Zemlya a i Tuva, no 3000 km a mai ka hikina a ke komohana, mai Yakutia a i ka Nenets mana kūʻokoʻa, no 1250 km. Noho i ka ipu wai ʻo Yenisei.
Ma nā panalāʻau o ka Teritori Krasnoyarsk he nui nā ʻano kālaihonua: ʻo West Siberian Lowland, e hoʻomaka ana ma ka hema ʻo Yenisei Bank, ka Central Siberian Plateau ma ke kapa kūpono, nā Western Sayan Mountains ma ka hema o ka Teritori.
Aia he ʻekolu mau ʻāpana me nā kūlana anilā kūlike i ka ʻāina: arctic, subarctic a me temperate. I Ianuali, ma ke kūkulu ʻākau o ka ʻāpana, hāʻule ka mahana, ma ka awelika, a -36 ° C, ma ka hema - a -18 ° C, i ke kauwela i ka tundra piʻi aʻe ka mahana i +13 ° C, ma ka hema o ka ʻāina - a +25 ° C.
Ua mālama a hoʻonui ʻia nā kūlana ʻāina like ʻole holoholona o ka Teritori Krasnoyarsk... Eia hou, mai kēlā manawa a kēia manawa hoʻomanaʻo nā holoholona prehistoric iā lākou iho: ʻike ʻia ko lākou koena i ka lepo maloʻo o ka tundra.
Holoholona holoholona
ʻO nā holoholona kahi holoholona i make i ka hopena o ka glaciation hope, ma kahi o 10,000 BC. ʻOi aku kēia mau māmela nunui e like me ka ʻelepani i ko kekahi holoholona ʻāina i kēia lā. Kuhi ʻia ko lākou kaumaha ma 14-15 ton, ʻo ko lākou kiʻekiʻe he 5-5.5 m. Ua noho ʻo Mammoths ma ka ʻākau o Eurasia a me ʻAmelika.
Loaʻa nā koena o nā holoholona ma ka ʻākau o Siberia, ma Taimyr. I ka makahiki 2012, ua loaʻa i kahi kama'āina he 11 mau makahiki o ka peninsula, ʻo Yevgeny Salinder, kahi mammoth i mālama pono ʻia. ʻO ka mea like ʻole o ka loaʻa nā paleontologists ʻaʻole i loaʻa ka iwi iwi wale nō, akā ʻo ka ʻiʻo o ka holoholona, me kekahi o nā ʻola o loko. ʻO kēia ka loaʻa nui loa o ka mammoth i koe i nā makahiki i hala iho nei.
Nā Māmela o ka Teritori Krasnoyarsk
Nā holoholona hihiu o ka Teritori Krasnoyarsk - ʻo kēia, ka mea mua o nā mea āpau, 90 mau ʻano o nā māmela. No ka poʻe he nui, ʻo Siberia ko lākou ʻāina hānau, no ka Hikina Hema kahi i hele mai ai, aia nā mea neʻe mai ka ʻĀulopa a me nā ʻĀkia Zona.
Bea Polar
Polar predator, he mea pili i ka bear brown. He kūpuna like pū me ia. I ka Pleistocene epoch, ua hana ʻia kahi mahele o nā laha. Ua lilo ka bear polar i holoholona holoholona nui. I ka lōʻihi hiki iā ia ke ulu a 3 m. ʻO ke kaupaona o nā kāne kāne hiki ke ʻoi aku ma mua o 800 kg.
ʻEleʻele ka ʻili o ka bea, translucent ka lauoho, ʻaʻohe waihoʻoluʻu, hollow i loko. ʻO nā hopena opua a me ka mānoanoa o ka uhi hulu hipa e keʻokeʻo ka hulu o ka holoholona. Ma lalo o nā kukuna o ka lā kau, hiki iā ia ke lilo melemele. Huli ka bea i nā holoholona kai, ʻai ʻiʻo i ke kino, a hoʻokokoke i kahi noho kanaka e ʻimi ai i ka meaʻai. ʻO ka hau hoʻoheheʻe - hoʻoweliweli i ke ola o ka pilikua keʻokeʻo.
Leopadi hau
Mīkini ʻaʻano konu. ʻO Irbis ka inoa lua o ka holoholona. Ua like ia me ka leopadi, akā ua liʻiliʻi ka nui: ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku ka nui o kāna kaumaha ma mua o 40 kg. He mānoanoa ko kā Irbis, pale pale hau a me kahi huelo lōʻihi a maikaʻi.
Ma ka Teritori Krasnoyarsk, noho wale ia ma nā mauna Sayan, kahi i ʻoi aku ai ma mua o 100 mau kānaka. ʻO kēia ka mea rarest, ʻano ʻē holoholona o ka Teritori Krasnoyarsk. Ma ke kiʻi hiki iā lākou ke ʻike i ke ola - ʻaʻole loa.
I ka 2013, ua mālama ʻia ka ʻaha kūkā ʻelele mua e pili ana i ka mālama leopadi hau ma Bishkek. ʻO nā ʻāina kahi e noho ai ka leopadi hau i hui pū me nā koa e hana i ka Polokalamu Hoʻoulu Leopard a Long Snow a me Habitat Protection Program (GSLEP).
Bea bear
Hoʻolahalaha ʻia ma ka ʻāina, akā ʻike pinepine ʻia i nā ululāʻau waiwai i nā pine kedera. Nui ka holoholona, hiki i nā holoholona Siberian ke 300 kg, i ka hoʻoilo hiki i ko lākou kaumaha ke hoʻonui i ka nui. ʻO ka predator he omnivorous, ʻaʻole e hōʻole i ke kino. Ma ka Teritori Krasnoyarsk, ua lanakila ʻelua mau ʻāpana: ma ka kapa hema o ka Yenisei Eurasian, ma ka ʻākau - Siberian.
Nā kiniina
Loaʻa nā Predators i nā wahi āpau i ka Teritori Krasnoyarsk. ʻO nā ʻano canine he 35, ʻo ka mea maʻamau ka:
- He holoholona kūpilikiʻi koʻikoʻi ka ʻīlio hae a ola a ʻimi ʻo ia i kahi hui i hoʻonohonoho pono ʻia. Loaʻa ka ʻīlio hae maʻamau i nā wahi āpau o ka ʻāina. I ke kūkulu ʻākau o ka ʻāina, i ka ululāʻau tundra, kahi ʻāpana subspecies, ka wolf tundra. ʻO kahi kūlana ʻoi aku i ka ʻākau i noho ʻia e ka ʻīlio hae polar. Mālamalama nā ʻāpana ʻelua, keʻokeʻo pinepine, i ke kala.
- He holoholona liʻiliʻi ka ʻalopeke, e ʻimi kūleʻa i nā rodents i ke kau kau a me ka hoʻoilo. ʻAʻole makaʻu ʻo ia i nā wahi anthropogenic, hoʻokokoke i nā hale, kipa i nā landfills.
- ʻO ka fox Arctic kahi holoholona maʻamau no nā latitude ʻākau; no ka manawa lōʻihi, ua ʻimi ʻia nā lawaiʻa kūloko no ka pono o ka hulu waiwai. Kapa ʻia ka holoholona he fox polar no kona like i ka helehelena a me ka lawena.
Wolverine
Mea hoʻouka manuahi waena, ʻāpana o ka ʻohana weana. Kū i loko o ka ululāʻau-tundra a me nā mānoanoa taiga o ka Teritori Krasnoyarsk. ʻO ke kaupaona, kaukaʻi ʻia i ka nohona a me ke kau, hiki iā 10-20 kg. Ma waho, he holoholona ʻano ʻē kēia.
ʻO kekahi mea ma waena o ka bea, kahi ʻīlio a me kahi ʻino. Mānoanoa ka hulu, ʻeleʻele-ʻeleʻele. Hiki i kahi ʻāpana kālā ke hele aʻe ma ka ʻaoʻao dorsal. He mehameha ka holoholona, weliweli loa a ʻino hoʻi. Hū aku ʻo ia i nā ungulate, nā manu o uka, ʻai i ke kino.
ʻO Sable
ʻO kahi holoholona mai ka genus o martens. Hoʻolaha ʻia i nā ululāʻau taiga Siberia āpau. Piʻi kūleʻa ʻo ia i nā kumulāʻau, neʻe wikiwiki i luna o nā waihona pōhaku a me ka uhi hau. ʻIke ʻia nā pēpē i ka puna, me ka hoʻomaka o ka hoʻomehana mau.
Hoʻokomo ka wahine no nā keiki i kahi lua pāpaʻu i nā aʻa o nā kumu lāʻau, nā wahi pōhaku, nā ʻūhā. ʻAi ka sable i nā koʻokoʻo, nā mea kolo nui, nā pūnana ʻōpala, hopu i nā moʻo a me nā rana. Mahalo ka hulu o ka holoholona. Hoʻolualu nā mea ʻālunu manuahi i ka sable i ka hoʻoilo e hoʻohana ana i nā pahele a me nā pū.
Bipi musk
Artiodactyl nui. Hiki ke kaumaha o ka māmele i 600 kg. ʻOi aku ka māmā o nā wahine - kaupaona ma mua o 300 kg. ʻO ka poʻo nui, stockin ruminant, uhi ʻia me ka huluhulu mānoanoa. He mau kumu mana ko nā pepeiaohao, e heʻe ana i nā ʻaoʻao ʻelua o ke poʻo. ʻO ka bipi a Taimyr musk bipi, e like me nā koho i hana ʻia ma 2015, ma kahi o 15 tausani poʻo. Bipi Musk - holoholona o ka Buke Ulaula o ka Teritori Krasnoyarsk.
Elk
Kahi noho ululāʻau, pālahalaha ma nā ʻaoʻao ʻākau o Eurasia, me ke Teritori ʻo Krasnoyarsk. Piʻi nā kāne a 2 m i ka maloʻo, ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa o nā wahine. Hiki i ke moose makua ke kaupaona a i 600-700 kg.
ʻAi ia i ka mauʻu, lau, mosses, ʻili ʻōpiopio. I nā hoʻoilo hau, hana ia i nā neʻe liʻiliʻi o ka meaʻai i nā wahi me nā meaʻai i loaʻa. Ua hoʻāʻo pinepine lākou e kāpae a mālama i ka holoholona; aia nā māla moose i hoʻokahi nui i kēia manawa.
Hipa Bighorn
Noho nā hipa Bighorn a hānai i ka mālama Putoransky; kapa ʻia lākou i kekahi manawa he chubuki a he bighorn hipi. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia kēia heluna kanaka ma ke ʻano he subspecies kūʻokoʻa - Putorana ram. Noho nā holoholona i ka palena o ka ululāʻau a me nā kula uliuli me nā puʻu pōhaku. Mai ka pā ʻo Putorana, neʻe ka lehulehu i ka ʻākau. Ua komo ka ʻaoʻao hema o Taimyr i ka pae o nā hipa.
Dia dia musk
ʻO kahi artiodactyl e like me dia dia mammal liʻiliʻi. ʻOiai ʻo nā kāne nui ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku i ka 20 kg. ʻAʻole like me nā dia, ʻaʻohe pepe nā dia musk, akā he mau canine lōʻihi kā nā kāne e hoʻonui ana mai ka iwi ā luna i lalo e 7-8 cm.
Nānā ʻē aʻe lākou no kahi mea kanu lāʻau, a hoʻohana ʻia e like me nā mea kaua kaua i nā kaua kāne. He hao kā nā holoholona e hūnā i ka musk - kahi lāʻau pono a me nā mea ʻaila perfumery. ʻO ka nohona nui nā mauna Sayan, a hiki i kahi kiʻekiʻe o 900-1000 ka m.
ʻO Narwhal
Nā holoholona i pale ʻia o ka Teritori Krasnoyarsk ola ʻaʻole wale ma ka ʻāina. ʻO Narwhal kahi māmela kai laha ʻole i komo ʻia i loko o nā puke ʻikepili ʻulaʻula a Lūkia. ʻO nā wai polar Inhabits, ma ka Teritori Krasnoyarsk e ʻike pinepine ʻia ma kahi kokoke i ka mokupuni ʻo Dikson, ua ʻike ʻia nā hihia o nā narwhals e komo ana i ka waha o Yenisei.
ʻO ka lōʻihi o nā holoholona o kēia manawa he 4-5 m, ʻo ka tusk, kahi niho o luna i loli, hiki ke kiʻi i 2-3 m. Manaʻo ʻia e lawelawe ka tusk i loko o ka uhi hau mau a hoʻohana ʻia me kahi mea kaua. Aia kekahi manaʻo he sensor paʻakikī kēia e ʻae iā ʻoe e ʻike i ka meaʻai a hoʻokele i ke kolamu wai. ʻAʻole i wehewehe ʻia ke kumu hope loa o ka tusk.
Laptev walrus
ʻO kahi lālā laha ʻole o ka walrus, hoʻomaha a hana hou i Taimyr. ʻO ka pūʻulu o Laptev walruses i helu ʻia 350-400 kanaka. Mahuahua, hoʻonui ka helu o nā walrus, hoʻonui kā lākou laulā.
ʻO ka walrus kahi holoholona nui omnivorous. ʻO ke kaupaona o kahi kāne makua kokoke i 1500 kg, ʻoiai he hapa ka māmā o ka wahine. ʻAi ʻo ia i nā mollusk o ke kai, nā iʻa, hiki ke hānai i ke kino make a hōʻeha hoʻi i nā sila.
Nā Manu o ka Teritori Krasnoyarsk
Hoʻonani holoholona o ka Teritori Krasnoyarsk ʻaʻole nā māmela wale. Hoʻomoʻa ʻia nā ʻano manu he haneli i nā wahi ʻāina āpau o ka ʻāina. ʻOi aku ka nui o nā manu e ʻākoakoa ma ka ʻaoʻao kai kahakai a me nā pōhaku mokupuni o ka Moana Arctic.
Pueo pueo
Noho hulu o ka tundra. Nui, pueo-nui, pueo. Kaupaona ka wahine ma kahi o 3 kg, ʻo nā kāne he 0.5 kg māmā. Poepoe ke poʻo o ka manu, liʻiliʻi ka maka, ʻākoʻako me ka iris melemele. Hoʻokumu nā Lemmings i ke kumu o ka papaʻai.
Hoʻololi ka nui o nā manu mai kēlā makahiki a kēia makahiki i ka lōkahi ʻana me ka helu o nā lemu. Ma waho aʻe o nā iole, e ʻimi ka pueo i nā holoholona waena a me nā manu, hiki ke hopu iʻa, a hōʻole ʻole i ka make.
ʻIʻo kai keʻokeʻo
ʻO kahi manu akahai, ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku kona kaumaha ma mua o 0.5 kg, me nā plumage keʻokeʻo. Hele holoholo ia ma ka ʻāina ʻo ʻAtika. Ua ʻike ʻia nā kolone o nā manu pūnana ma nā pali kahakai o ka pae moku ʻo Severnaya Zemlya. Ua loaʻa ke kolone nui o nā pūnana he 700 ma ka mokupuni ʻo Domashny. ʻO ka helu o nā manu, kahi mea weliweli liʻiliʻi, hoʻohuli ʻia e ka hoʻomehana ʻana a me ka hoʻi ʻana o ka hau.
ʻŪhā lāʻau
He manu nui, ʻano ʻē o ka ʻohana pheasant. Hiki i ke kaupaona kāne ma mua o 6 kg. ʻOi aku ka māmā o nā moa - ʻaʻole ʻoi aku ma mua o 2kg. Manu pūnana, hana i nā neʻe liʻiliʻi o ka meaʻai. Noho i ka ʻāpana Taiga holoʻokoʻa o ka ʻāina. I nā ululāʻau huikau a puʻupuʻu, hū ia i nā wahi haʻahaʻa i ulu nui ʻia me ka limu. ʻAi ʻia i nā hua, nā ʻōpuʻu, nā ʻōpuʻu, nā kolo.
Akoakoa nā kāne i ka pūnāwai i ka hānai o kēia manawa. Hoʻomaka kahi hanana paʻakikī me nā kani a me nā neʻe hou. ʻO ka maʻamau e akahele loa ka capercaillie, akā i ka wā o ka male ʻana poina poina ʻo ia i ka makaʻu a hoʻōki i ka lohe ʻana i nā kani. Ua kapa ʻia kēia inoa i ka manu.
ʻO nā pūnana he wahi hoʻomaha i ka honua i kahi inconspicuous wahi. I ka paʻa he 6 a 12 paha mau hua manu; Hoʻokomo ʻia ka wahine e lākou no 25-27 mau lā. Pili nā pua nui, ola hūnā i loko o nā ululāʻau o ka ululāʻau i ka helu o nā laha me nā mea ʻaihue a me nā mea ʻimi holoholona.
Marsh Hikina Hikina
Hōʻī hulu liʻiliʻi. Ke kaupaona nei a hiki i ka 0.7 kg a me ka ʻēheu o 1.4 m. Hoʻopaʻi ka mea lawe manu i nā manu liʻiliʻi, nā koʻokoʻo, a me nā mea kolo. Nānā aku no ka mea lele lele i lalo o ka honua. ʻO nā pūnana manu ma ka hema o ka Teritori Krasnoyarsk.
Kūkulu ʻia nā pūnana i loko o nā ulu lāʻau ʻo kokoke i ka wai, i nā kahawai. Hana ka wahine i kahi paʻa o 5-7 mau hua manu waena, hoʻouluulu iā lākou no 35-45 mau lā. No ka hoʻoilo lele ia i nā wahi hema o ʻAsia, ʻInia, Kōlea.
ʻO Garshnep
ʻO kahi manu liʻiliʻi - kahi kamaʻāina o nā kahawai Krasnoyarsk. Mahele o ka ʻohana snipe. ʻEleʻele-ʻeleʻele ka manu me nā kaha lonikū melemele. Lele haʻahaʻa ia a ʻaʻole no ka lōʻihi, makemake i ka neʻe ma ka honua.
ʻAi ʻia nā mea kolo, nā ʻōpuʻu, nā hua ʻai. I ka wā o ka moʻo ʻana, nānā pono nā kāne ma hope o nā wahine: hana lākou i nā lele paʻakikī me nā kāhea leo ʻano. I ka pūnana honua, hoʻoulu pinepine ka wahine i 4 mau moa. No ka hoʻoilo, neʻe ka manu i India, ma ka hema o Kina.
Gose ʻulaʻula
ʻO ka hōʻailona manu ʻo Dolgan-Nenets Taimyr wahi. He ʻāpana ia o ka ʻohana duck. ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, he kose liʻiliʻi kēia me ka paona o ke kino ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku ma mua o 1.8 kg a me ke kala ʻōlinolino, ʻokoʻa. ʻO Taimyr ka wahi pūnana nui no nā geese.
Noho nā manu i nā kolone liʻiliʻi, kūkulu i nā pūnana lepo, hoʻomoe iā lākou, hoʻomoe i kahi paʻa o 5-7 mau hua. Ma hope o 25 mau lā, ʻikea nā moa, a nā mākua e lawe koke mai ka pūnana mai, ma hope o 3-4 mau pule e ala aʻe nā pīpī ma ka ʻēheu. I ka hāʻule, lele kahi ʻohana geese i nā Balkans no ka hoʻoilo.
Nā iʻa
ʻO nā manu a me nā holoholona o ka Teritori KrasnoyarskʻAʻole wau e luhi i ka biodiversity o ka lihi. ʻO nā kahawai a me ke kai Arctic kahi home no ka laulaha a ʻano laha ʻole o nā iʻa, a he mea nui ka nui o ia mau mea i kālepa.
Salemona
- ʻO ka Arctic omul kahi iʻa anadromous; lilo ka manawa zhora i ka wai kai o ka Moana Arctic. Hiki ke kaumaha o kahi iʻa makua i 3 kg. No ka hānau ʻana, piʻi ka omul i nā kahawai Siberian liʻiliʻi a nui.
- ʻO Nelma kahi iʻa wai hou, i loko o nā kino nui o ka wai i hiki ke kaumaha ma mua o 50 kg. I nā muliwai liʻiliʻi, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ke kaumaha. Predator, ʻimi i nā iʻa liʻiliʻi, amphibians, crustacean.
- ʻO Muksun kahi iʻa wai hou, pili i ka genus whitefish. Ma waho aʻe o ke kahawai ʻo Yenisei, loaʻa ia ma ka Hikina hikina, Kanada, ʻĀkau. Manaʻo ʻia ka ʻiʻa iʻa he mea ʻono. Ma ka Teritori Krasnoyarsk, ua kāpae ʻia ka hana ʻana o muksun mai ka makahiki 2014. Hoʻihoʻi ʻia ka iʻa iʻa ma o ka hoʻoulu hānai ʻana.
- He iʻa wai hou ʻo Chir. ʻAe maikaʻi i ka wai semi-saline ma nā wahi i kahe nā kahawai i loko o ke Kai Arctic. I ka makahiki 6, he 2-4 kg ke kaumaha. Komo ia i loko o Yenisei a me Ob no ka hanau keiki ʻana.
- ʻO Pyzhyan, he inoa waena ko ka iʻa - White Siberian. Aia ia i loko o nā ʻano ʻelua: ma ke ʻano he semi-anadromous a me ka iʻa wai piha. ʻO nā kahawai e pili ana i ka moana Arctic, a me nā wai kai saline ākea.
- ʻO Tugun kahi iʻa keʻokeʻo liʻiliʻi. Ua hoʻolōʻihi ʻia kona kino e 20 knm ka lōʻihi, ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku kona kaumaha ma mua o 100 g. Ua hoʻemi ʻia ke kumukūʻai ʻoihana o kēia predator: ua emi iho nā iʻa i ke kenekulia 21 i nā manawa he nui.
- He iʻa ʻo Lenok i hiki ke hopu ʻia ma nā ʻaoʻao kiʻekiʻe o ka muliwai Chulym. Makemake i nā kahawai mauna wikiwiki a me nā loko. Piʻi ia i 70-80 knm, e loaʻa ana ke kaupaona 5-6 kg. ʻAi ʻia nā mea kolo, nā ilo, nā rana. Ma waho aʻe o ka Teritori Krasnoyarsk, noho ia i nā kahawai o Mongolia a me ka Hikina hikina.
Siberian Sturgeon
ʻO ka iʻa mai ka ʻohana Sturgeon. Aia kekahi ʻano semi-anadromous a me kahi wai hou. He pilikua maoli nā kūpuna makua - hiki i kahi iʻa mika ʻelua mika ke kaumaha ma kahi o 200 kg. ʻAi ka Sturgeon i nā meaola benthic: nā larvae, nā ilo, mollusks, hiki iā ia ke ʻai i nā hua a me nā ʻōpio o nā iʻa ʻē aʻe.
Ua hele a moekolohe nā iʻa ma 10-15 mau makahiki. ʻOkoʻa ka makahiki o ke oʻo ʻana i ka nohona. ʻO ke ola maʻamau o ka Siberian Sturgeon ma luna o 50 mau makahiki.
Nā holoholona home a me nā mahiʻai
Nā holoholona mahiʻai o ka Teritori Krasnoyarsk aʻo kā lākou mau hoa kūloko kahi laha a me nā ʻano o ka Eurasia: mai ka pipi a i nā manu liʻiliʻi. Aia kekahi mau ʻano i hoʻokumu ʻia ma Siberia, a ʻo nā mea me ke ola ʻole i kēia mau wahi hiki ʻole.
Poki Siberia
Manaʻo ʻia ua hoʻomaka ka lāhui i kāna huakaʻi ma Central Asia, akā ua lawe i kona ʻano hope loa ma ka hikina o ka Urals, ma Siberia, ʻo ia hoʻi, ma ka ʻāina o ka Teritori Krasnoyarsk i kēia manawa. Nui ka pōpoki i ka nui: hiki ke kaupaona iā 7-9 kg. Kū i waho me kahi kapa fluffy. Wahi a nā Breeders, ʻo ka hulu o nā pōpoki Siberian he hypoallergenic. ʻO Siberian kekahi o nā ʻano pōpoki kaulana loa.
Nenets Laika
He lāhui laha ʻole kēia aboriginal. Hoʻohana ʻia ia ma ke ʻano he kahu holoholona a me ka ʻīlio hahai holoholona. ʻO ke ola i nā kūlana tundra, ka hana mau ʻana me nā poʻe i hana i kahi ʻīlio paʻakikī me kahi psyche paʻa.
ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona hiʻohiʻona o ka lāhui kona hoʻomaʻemaʻe moʻokūʻauhau. ʻO ke ola mai ka civili i hōʻoia i ka loaʻa ʻole o nā impurities pono ʻole i ke koko o kahi holoholona, mālama i nā waiwai e pono ai no kahi āpau, Siberian, ʻīlio ʻākau.
Reindeer
Kapa aku ka poʻe Kanada a me ko ʻAmelika i kēia holoholona ʻo Kaʻaʻa. ʻElua ʻano o ka dia: hihiu a hānai ʻia. ʻO nā dia ahiu he 15-20% ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o nā home. Akā ʻaʻohe ʻano ʻokoʻa morphological kūikawā. ʻO nā kāne a me nā wahine he pepeiaohao, he ʻano pākahi a me ka nui. ʻOi aku ka nui o nā pepeiaohao o nā wahine ma mua o nā kāne.
Deer - ua hoʻolako lōʻihi i ke ola o nā poʻe o ke kūkulu ʻākau. Hoʻohana ʻia, me nā ʻīlio, ma ke ʻano he lawe. Hoʻohana ʻia ka ʻiʻo e like me ka meaʻai, humuhumu ʻia nā kāmaʻa a me nā lole mai nā ʻili.ʻO Antlers - ʻōpio, ʻōpio ʻōpio ʻōpio ʻole - waiwai nui ʻia e like me nā kumuwaiwai kūikawā o ka ikaika a me ke olakino.
Kūleʻa ka biocenosis Siberian. Eia nō naʻe, aia he 7 mau wahi pale nui ma ka Teritori Krasnoyarsk. ʻO ka wahi kūlohelohe pale nui ʻia o Eurasia ka ʻāina ʻo Great Arctic Reserve i ka ʻāina. Ma ka 41692 sq. km Mālama ʻia nā ʻano mea kanu Siberia.
