Ua kākau ʻo ʻIvana Nikitin: - "Keʻokeʻo me he mea lā, he mau wili ma kona lae, me ka helehelena luhi, ua ʻike ʻo ia i nā ruts he nui i kona wā e ola ana." Ke hoʻohālikelike nei i ka meʻe me ka manu ʻeleʻele, ʻo ka haku mele Lūkia o ke kenekulia 19 ke ʻano he hina ke kāne.
ʻAʻole hiki ke kapa ʻia ka mahina keʻokeʻo. Hinahina ka hope o ka hulu a me ka luna o nā ʻeheu. Eia nō naʻe, aia kekahi "hina" ʻaneʻi, a ʻaʻole pouli ke kani maʻamau. He keʻokeʻo loa ka ʻōpū a me ka ʻāʻī o ka holoholona. I ka pili pili o ka mea hānai kahua, ʻeleʻele ka waihoʻoluʻu i kekahi mau aka. Aia kekahi meadow kanaka. He hulu ʻula ko kēlā.
Hōʻike a me nā hiʻohiʻona o ka steppe harrier
I ke kenekulia 19 steppe harrier ua māhelehele ʻia. No laila, ua pili ka hui pū ʻana me kahi manu iā ʻIvana Nikitin. I ke kenekulia 21, ua kākau ʻia kēlā ʻano hoʻohālikelike, malia paha, e kahi mea kākau mele-ornithologist wale nō, ka mea i loaʻa Buke ʻulaʻula. ʻO Steppe harrier papa inoa ʻia e nalowale ana.
Hoʻokomo ʻia ʻo Yastrebiny i loko o ka puke Lūkini āpau a me nā helu āpana. Eia kekahi, ua hoʻokomo ʻia ka meʻe o ka ʻatikala i ka papa inoa o nā holoholona laha ʻole o ka Teritori Krasnodar.
ʻOkoʻa ʻo Steppe harrier mai nā mea lawelawe ʻē aʻe i ka plumage māmā
I nā makahiki 1930, ua kaulana ka lāhui ʻāpana steppe ma ke komohana o Caucasus. Ma nā makahiki 1990, aia wale nō nā hihia kaʻawale o nā ʻike maka o ka mahina. Alakaʻi ka holoholona i kahi nohona malū. No ka holoʻokoʻa o Rūsia aia ka i kā mākou o 5,000 paʻa. ʻAʻole i ʻoi aku ma kahi o 100 ma ka ʻāina hema āpau. Ma ke ao holoʻokoʻa, ma kahi o 20,000 mau pālua.
Ma ke ʻano he hawk, he awelika ka nui o ka mea lawe. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke kino o ke kāne he 435-480 kenimika, a ʻo nā wahine 480-525. E like me kāu e ʻike ai, ua hoʻomohala nā manu o nā laha i ka dimorphism moekolohe. ʻOi aku ka nui o nā wahine ma mua o nā kāne. ʻAʻole i ʻoi aku ka nui o nā ʻēheu o ka hope ma mua o 110 kenimika. I nā wahine, hoʻokokoke pinepine ka mea hōʻike iā 120.
E like me nā hawk, he nuku kiki ko ka mea lawe, ikaika nā wāwae me nā pulu huluhulu a hiki i nā ʻūlū. ʻĀwī ke kino o ka manu. ʻOi aku ka nui o nā hawks ʻē aʻe. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka mahina mai iā lākou e nā ʻēheu hāiki. I ka lele ʻana, hiki ke huikau ka meʻe o ka ʻatikala me kahi limu.
Aloha Hawaii
Mai ka palena komohana a i Mongolia ka hoʻolaha ʻana. Aia ia e pili ana i ke komohana hema o Transbaikalia. I ka Hikina, lele nā manu i Yenisei. Hui pū lākou i nā manu ma ke komohana o ka Pae Ural. Ka wehewehe ʻana o ka steppe harrier hāʻawi ʻia e nā kamaʻāina o ka Basin Minusinsk ma ka hui o ka Teritori Krasnoyarsk a me Khakassia.
Ma nā palena komohana hema o ka ʻāina, ua koho nā loonies i ka Crimea, ke kahakai ʻākau o ke Kai ʻEleʻele, Transcaucasia. Ma aneʻi, e like me nā wahi noho ʻē aʻe, koho nā hawks i nā steppes maloʻo no ka noho ʻana.
Hōʻike ʻia ke aloha no lākou i ka inoa o ka laha. Eia nō naʻe, aia nā hoʻokoe. Ma ka Teritori Stavropol, no ka laʻana, loaʻa ka manu ma nā wahi Podgorny a me Andropovsky. He pali lākou.
Aia nā hoʻokoe e pili ana i ka hana manu. Ke hūnā nei manu ʻūlū steppe i kekahi manawa hoʻouka kaua i nā keiki lupe a me nā manu nūnū i loko o nā hīnaʻi i hāpai ʻia e nā mea nona i loko o nā pā. Eia nō naʻe, hiki ke wehewehe ʻia kēlāʻano hooliganism e ka nele o ka lako o ka meaʻai no ka mea lawe.
Ma muli o nā hana a ke kanaka, ʻo nā wahi noho kūpono no ka hawk e emi iho ana ka liʻiliʻi. Ke emi nei nō hoʻi ka lako o ka meaʻai.
ʻO Steppe harrier ma he kiʻi mau i ka lani, a i ʻole ma ka honua. ʻAʻohe o ke ʻano o ka meʻe o ka ʻatikala e noho ma luna o nā kumulāʻau, ʻoiai ʻo ia he ʻokoʻa, noho ʻo ia i ka wahi o ka ululāʻau
I ka lani, ka mea lawe, e like me nā hawks āpau, he lokomaikaʻi, ʻaʻohe wikiwiki. Ke lele iki nei ka lele o ka manu. ʻO ka ʻokoʻa ka wā puna. ʻO kēia ka manawa hānau. ʻO ka hulina moena ka moʻo o ka piʻi ʻana i ke kiʻekiʻe a me ka luʻu wikiwiki. Hana nā "wahine" i nā "lele", akā me ka liʻiliʻi o ka haʻi ʻana.
Ma ka hānai ʻana i nā keiki, lele nā manu i ka hema. ʻO ka hapanui e neʻe i ʻApelika. Hoʻi lākou i Rūsia i ka hoʻomaka mua o ka puna, ke ʻike ʻia nā glades. ʻO kēia kahi e hoʻomaka ai nā pāʻani moena.
ʻO kaʻai hānai Steppe
ʻO Steppe harrier - kahi mea hoʻomake... Hoʻohui ʻia nā ʻokoʻa manuahi mai kā lākou wahi noho maʻamau me ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i ka ʻiʻo. Hiki i ka hulu ke piʻi i loko o ka ululāʻau a i ʻole nā kualapa, inā ʻoi aku ka nui o nā rodents. ʻO lākou ka lako nui o ka meaʻai no ka mea lawe.
Inā maopopo iā ʻoe ma mua o i ke 'ano wae e hānai nei i ka steppe harrier, voles, gerbils, jerboas e noʻonoʻo. ʻO lākou āpau he mau mea ʻino o ka ʻāina mahiʻai. ʻIke ʻia he mea kōkua ka mahiʻai.
ʻO ka meʻe o ka ʻatikala e ʻimi i ka ʻauinalā. ʻOi aku ka maʻalahi o ka ʻike ʻana i kahi mea pio ma nā kula i ka mālamalama o ka lā. I kekahi manawa, ma kahi o nā rodents, hopu ka mea ʻiʻo i nā moʻo. I ka lele, hiki i ka mea lawe ke hopu i nā manu liʻiliʻi. No laila māʻona.
ʻIke i kāna mea pio, luʻu wikiwiki ka steppe harrier, e kīkoʻo ana i kona mau wāwae i mua. Me lākou e hopu ai ka manu i ka mea i make i ka mauʻu. Lōʻihi nā wāwae o ka meʻe o ka ʻatikala. Kōkua kēia i ka loaʻa ʻana o ka meaʻai i loko o nā mea kanu kiʻekiʻe. Hoʻolahalaha ka mea lawe i kāna huelo i mua o ka honua. Hoʻopili ka predator iā ia ma hope o ka luʻu wikiwiki nui.
Hoʻolahalaha ʻia nā wahi hahai holoholona i waena o nā manu. He fiefdom kā kēlā me kēia mahina. Liʻiliʻi ia ma kahi. Ua waiho ʻia kahi ala. Ke lele a puni ka pā, ukali ka mea ʻaihue iā ia. No laila, ma ke ʻano he kūlana, hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i ka mahina ma nā wahi like.
ʻO ka hana hou a me ke ola o ke ola
ʻAʻole makemake e noho ma luna o nā kumulāʻau, ʻaʻole kūkulu ka steppe harrier i nā pūnana ma luna o lākou. Hoʻomoʻa nā hua i ka honua, i kāna mau kaumaha, ma waena o nā pōhaku, i kekahi manawa i ka ʻohe. ʻAʻohe pūnana i ka manaʻo maʻamau. Waiho ʻia nā hua i loko o ka lua i kāwili ʻia me ka mauʻu a puni ke anapuni.
Hoʻomoe nā mea pale wahine i nā hua manu mai 3 a 7. Maʻamau - 5 mau ʻāpana. Hoʻomoe lākou no 30-35 mau lā. Hoʻolilo ʻia ka nui like i ka hānai ʻana i nā moa ma ka ʻēheu. Hoʻokahi mahina a me ka hapa ma hope o ka hānau ʻana, mākaukau lākou e lele i nā wahi mehana no ka hoʻoilo.
ʻO ka pūnana harpe steppe me nā keiki moa
ʻOiai ke hoʻouluulu nei a me ka hānai ʻana i nā moa, ʻike ʻia nā mea pale i ka steppe e ko lākou hakakā. Kūʻē ʻo Hawks i kekahi ʻenemi, me ka nānā ʻole i ko lākou ʻano, ka nui. ʻAʻole makemake nā lunamaka o nā ʻāpana steppe e haʻalele i kā lākou paʻa ʻana, e hoʻopakele nei i kā lākou "ʻili" ponoʻī.
I ka makahiki 3, ua mākaukau ka manu o nā mea pio e hānai. Pau nā makahiki hānau ma 17-18 mau makahiki. Noho ʻo Steppe harriers i nā makahiki 20-22. I ka pio ʻana, hiki i nā hawk ke hoʻolōʻihi i ko lākou ola a 25 mau makahiki.
