ʻO nā holoholona liʻiliʻi nani "lauoho keʻokeʻo" a pōhaku martens ʻO lākou wale nō ka martens makaʻu ʻole e noho kokoke i nā poʻe. ʻOiai ʻo nā ʻohana pili loa o kēia mau holoholona pīhoihoi he sabela a me nā pine martens, ua like ka ʻāpana keʻokeʻo me ka squirrel i kāna ʻano maʻamau, hiki ke maʻalahi ʻia i nā pāka, i nā keʻena o nā hale, ma kahi kokoke i nā lua me nā moa.
Nā hiʻohiʻona a me nā wahi noho o ka pōhaku marten
Ola ʻo Stone marten ʻaneʻane ma nā wahi āpau, ʻo kona teritori ka Eurasia holoʻokoʻa, a ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, hānai hānai ʻia ka holoholona no ke kumu o ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana i ka "ʻimi holoholona".
Nui ka manaʻo o ka holoholona i kēlā me kēia ʻano maʻamau, mai ke anuanu a aneane wela - noho ka martens ma Ciscaucasia, ma Crimea, ma Belarus, ma Ukraine a pēlā aku. Akā ʻo nā lehulehu he nui kahi o ka hau e moe ai no kahi manawa lōʻihi, kahi a kēia mau holoholona e hoʻomana ai.
Maʻamau, pōhaku marten i ka kiʻi - a hana ʻole nā aniani telephoto i kekahi ʻano, ʻaʻohe paʻakikī e hopu iā ia. Ke ʻae mālie nei i kahi kanaka iā ia iho, hiki i kēia holoholona ke hopu a ʻai i nā meaʻai i kiola ʻia e nā poʻe, e laʻa me nā pōpō ʻai a i ʻole ka berena i ʻōwili ʻia. I nā pāka Kelemania, kau ʻia nā mea hānai no martens, ma ke ʻano like me nā squirrels.
Kāhea ka poʻe he nui i kēia holoholona - "pōhaku pine marten”, Akā ʻaʻole pololei loa kēia. ʻO ka pine marten kahi ʻano ʻokoʻa, akā makemake nā martens pōhaku e noho ʻaʻole ma nā ululāʻau nui, akā i nā wahi me nā lāʻau ʻokoʻa, nā kumu lāʻau a me nā māla, e pale ana i nā wahi i ulu ʻia me nā ululāʻau paʻa. Makemake ʻo ia e noho i kahi ʻāina pōhaku, nona ka inoa i kapa ʻia ai.
ʻIke nui ka holoholona, pili kaiaulu e pili ana i nā mea hou āpau, kahi e wāwahi pinepine ai i nā lunamakaʻāinana o kēia ʻano. I, pehea e hopu ai i ka marten pōhaku me kahi maunu a hei paha, ʻaʻohe paʻakikī.
ʻAʻole pono ʻoe i kaʻiʻo. No kahi ʻāpana o kahi ʻōwili hinamona me ka ʻono camphor, e hele ʻo marten i nā wahi āpau. Ua hoʻohana ʻia kēia waiwai o ka holoholona e nā poʻe huluhulu hulu no nā kenekulia.
Ua helu a hoʻomaopopo ʻia nā Zoologists i kēia lā ʻehā mau ʻāpana o ka pōhaku marten, e bapetizo ana iā lākou e like me kā lākou mau wahi noho.
- ʻEulopa - noho i ʻEulopa Komohana a ma ka panalāʻau o Rukia a i nā Ural;
- ʻO Crimean - noho i ka Crimea, ʻokoʻa i nā mea ʻē aʻe ʻaʻole wale i ke kala, akā i ke ʻano o nā niho a me ka nui o ke poʻo;
- Caucasian - ka mea nui a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi no ka hānau pono "no ka hulu";
- Central ʻAsia - hulu loa, ka "cartoonish" ʻoi loa i waho, mālama pinepine ʻia ma ke ʻano he holoholona.
Ma ka laulā, he holoholona liʻiliʻi nā martens, ʻo ka lōʻihi o ko lākou kino mai 38 a 56 cm, me ka waiho ʻole i ka huelo, ʻo kona lōʻihi mai 20 a 35 cm. ʻO ke kaumaha o ka holoholona he 1 - 2.5 kg.
ʻO ka mea nui loa - Marten pōhaku Caucasian, me kahi lōʻihi o 50 cm a me ke kaumaha o 2 kg, akā ʻo ia mau holoholona i mea e humuhumu ai i ka lole ʻili hipa liʻiliʻi e pono ai ka nui.
Ke ʻano a me ka nohona o ka pōhaku marten
Pahu marten - holoholona i ka pō e puka mai ana mai kona hale peʻa i ka wā ahiahi. ʻAʻole lākou e ʻeli i kā lākou lua, makemake lākou e noho i nā "hale" kahiko o nā holoholona ʻē aʻe, nā hale kanaka a i ʻole nā hale kūlohelohe.
Mālama ʻo Martens i ko lākou "home", e uhi ana iā ia me nā hulu, mauʻu, inā noho kokoke ka poʻe, a laila nā mea āpau e hiki ai iā lākou ke loaʻa pono, no ka laʻana, nā ʻāpana lole. ʻO nā wahi kūlohelohe no martens nā:
- nā pā i nā pōhaku;
- ana liʻiliʻi;
- nā paila pōhaku a i ʻole nā pōhaku wale nō;
- kūpenu i lalo o nā aʻa lāʻau e kū ana i nā pali;
- lua lua o nā holoholona ʻē aʻe.
Inā noho ka poʻe ma kahi kokoke i ka teritori a marten e manaʻo ai nona ponoʻī, a laila ʻo kēia mau holoholona, me ke kanalua ʻole, e hoʻonā:
- i nā hale lio;
- i loko o nā kauhale;
- i nā attics o nā hale;
- i ka hale lio;
- i lalo o ka hale;
- malalo o ka lanai.
Ke wehewehe nei i ka marten pōhaku, pono e hoʻomaopopo ʻia e piʻi nani ka holoholona i nā kumulāʻau, akā ʻaʻole makemake e hana i kēia, no laila, hoʻohana ʻo ia i nā lua hakahaka loa me he hale lā, inā ʻaʻohe mea kūpono ma kahi kokoke.
ʻO ke ʻano o ka marten ʻaʻole wale ka hoihoi, akā, kekahi ʻano hoʻopunipuni pū kekahi. Makemake ka holoholona e hoʻohenehene i nā ʻīlio, "hooligan" i kēlā me kēia ala i loko o kahi nohona kanaka, no ka laʻana, e hōʻino ana i ka wahī o nā huahana a i ka piʻi ʻana i nā pale. No laila, pōhaku marten ma ka homeInā hānai ʻia ʻo ia e like me ka pipi, hoʻohana ʻo ia i ka hapa nui o kona manawa ma kahi hale manu a i ʻole kahi hale manu.
Mea ʻai
Manaʻo nui ʻia kēlā marten pōhaku holoholona - he predator, no laila, ʻai i ka ʻiʻo. He ʻoiaʻiʻo wale nō kēia. ʻO ka marten kahi holoholona omnivorous e hānai nui i ka mea e ʻimi ai i ka pō.
Ma ke ʻano he rula, nā rodents, nā rana, nā manu, nā lāpaki liʻiliʻi e lilo i waiwai pio o ka holoholona. Eia kekahi, makemake ka marten i nā hua, nā hua, nā aʻa a me nā hua. ʻOiai ʻo marten hānai pono ʻia ʻaʻole ia e hele ma ka pūnana manu me nā hua manu, a inā aia kekahi kumulāʻau me nā ʻapelika e pili ana iā ia, poina ka holoholona ʻaʻole makemake ʻo ia e piʻi iā lākou.
Ma mua, ua hopu ʻia kēia mau holoholona ma nā panalāʻau o Kelemania ʻAkau a me Nolewai. Eia kekahi, lawaiʻa marten pōhaku ʻAʻole i alakaʻi ʻia no ka loaʻa ʻana o ka hulu, akā me ka pahuhopu o ka hoʻonoho ʻana i ka holoholona i loko o ka pā.
ʻAi ʻia ka marten pōhaku i nā meheu liʻiliʻi
Hoʻololi koke ka marten i ka rustling, ka neʻe chaotic, a me nā mea like. ʻO ia ka mea i hopu i nāʻiole pono, nāna. Hoʻohui ʻia, e ʻimi nō ia i ka wā e "komo" ʻia ka mea pio, me ka nānā ʻole inā makemake ʻia no ka meaʻai a me ka ʻole. Hoʻonohonoho ka mea like i ka hale i nā manu moa i ka makaʻu nui. Kiola koke i ka moa a me nā manu ʻē aʻe i ka holoholona e hoʻomaka i ka hopu holoholona.
Akā ʻai pololei ʻo martens i ka liʻiliʻi loa, pono lākou i 300-400 karamu o ka meaʻai holoholona. I ka nahelehele, ʻai paha ka holoholona i hoʻokahi gopher a i ʻole pālua kanahā, a i ʻole i kahi ʻāpana a ʻo ia nō ia.
ʻO nā martens e noho ana i nā pāka a me nā hale ua "ʻai ʻia", akā ʻaʻole nui. Marten pōhaku hoʻoilo aloha e huki i nā ʻanoʻano mai nā ʻone, ʻaʻohe ʻokoʻa nui inā ʻo ka spruce, pine a lāʻau kedera paha nona. No ka cones, ʻaʻole piʻi wale nā holoholona i nā kumulāʻau, akā e kolo pū kekahi hoʻi mai kā lākou mau wahi hūnā ma mua o ka hiki ʻana o ka pō.
ʻO ka hana hou a me ke ola o ka pōhaku marten
ʻO ka marten pōhaku kahi mea mehameha me kona ʻāina ponoʻī, e hana ana i kāna "detour" a me ka māka ʻana i nā palena. ʻAʻole makemake nā holoholona i nā lunamaka o kā lākou ʻano ponoʻī, koe wale nō ka "manawa moena".
He hoihoi loa kēia kaʻina hana i nā wea. "ʻIke" lāua ma ka hopena o ka puna, akā, ʻano ʻē, ʻaʻole hōʻike ke kāne i ka hana. Hoʻokele ka wahine e hoʻokō pololei i ka male ʻana ma ka hopena o ka hāʻule.
I ke kiʻi, he marten pōhaku pēpē
I kēia hihia, kū mai kahi mea kupaianaha - ka "mālama" o ka sperm. ʻO ia, ma hope o ka male ʻana, hiki i ka wahine ke hala me ka ʻole o ke kūlana "lahilahi" a ʻewalu mau mahina, ʻoiai ʻo ka hāpai ʻana iā ia iho i martens hoʻokahi wale nō mahina.
Ma ke ʻano he kūlana, hānau ʻia nā pēpē he 2-4 i ka manawa hoʻokahi, hānau ʻia ʻōlohelohe a makapō hoʻi, e wehe ana i ko lākou mau maka i hoʻokahi mahina wale nō ma hope o ka hānau ʻana. ʻO ka wā hānai waiū e mau ana mai 2 a 2.5 mau mahina. A kūʻokoʻa loa nā pēpē ma kahi o 4-5 mau mahina ma hope o ka hānau ʻana.
ʻO ka weliweli nui loa i ke ola ʻana o nā martens liʻiliʻi ʻo ia ka manawa ke hele mua lākou e mākaʻikaʻi i nā wahi a puni. He nui ka poʻe i hāʻule i nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe o nā mustelid - nā ʻalopeke, nā ʻalopeke arctic a me nā pueo.
Noho ʻo Martens i ke kūlohelohe ma kahi o 10 mau makahiki, akā i ka hoʻopaʻa pio ʻana ua hoʻonui nui kēia wā. I nā zoo a puni ka honua, kākaʻikahi ka hālāwai ʻana me ka make o kahi weasel ma lalo o ka makahiki 18.
ʻOiai, pōhaku marten mahalo ʻia ma muli o kāna ʻili, ʻaʻole i lilo kēia mau holoholona i mea nui i ke kālepa huluhulu a i ʻole, i kēia lā, i nā ʻoihana huluhulu.
Ua ʻae kēia i nā kunim ʻaʻole e kokoke i ka make. A ʻo ka hoihoi o nā holoholona a me ko lākou mau hiʻohiʻona i hiki ai iā lākou ke noho kupaianaha i nā pāka kūlanakauhale, nā kāʻei nahele a me nā wahi ʻē aʻe i hoʻomohala ʻia e ke kanaka.
