ʻO Skates (Anthus) nā manu liʻiliʻi mai ke kaʻina o nā passerines, ʻo ka awelika o ka nui ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku i 15 cm (ʻo kekahi mau ʻano i 20 cm), i māhele ʻia ma kahi o ka hona honua, koe wale nō ʻo Antarctica a me Antarctica.
Hōʻike ʻia kēia mau manu e kahi ʻano kupaianaha o nā laha: aia ma kahi o 40 o lākou. ʻO ka pinepine, ke ʻōlelo ʻia i ke kamaʻilio kamaʻilio ʻana lio ululāʻau - manu, ka mea hiki ke loaʻa pinepine ma ke ʻano a me ka pio.
ʻO ka ʻike kikoʻī kikoʻī o kekahi kikoʻī ka mea pohihihi i nā poʻe kiaʻi manu ʻoihana he nui. Loaʻa kēia i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo ʻaʻole ʻokoʻa ka hana a nā kāne mai nā wahine, a ma ka nui he mau ʻokoʻa interspecific nāwaliwali.
Pili kēia i ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o nā manu o nā makahiki like ʻole, paʻakikī pinepine i ka hoʻoholo ʻana i ka makahiki hea kahi holoholona. I kēia manawa, aia nā ʻepekema i ke kahua o ka hoʻoponopono hou ʻana i ka hoʻolaʻa ʻana o ka genus e like me ia, i ka ʻohana wagtail.
Nā hiʻohiʻona a me nā wahi noho o ka lio
Skates - manu huna. ʻO ia ke kumu i ʻike nui ʻia ai ke kala patronizing i waena o lākou, ke ʻeleʻele ka ʻaoʻao luna o ke kino a keʻokeʻo ka haʻahaʻa.
ʻO kahi pae hoʻohālikelike maikaʻi no ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i kekahi ʻano mai kahi ʻano like ʻole o ke mele ʻana: he mele kūʻokoʻa ko kēlā me kēia ʻano skate. Hoʻohui ʻia, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ke kumu plumage e like me ka ʻike. ʻO kahi laʻana, ke kūana o nā hulu kikokiko, a i ʻole nā hulu ʻokoʻa. ʻO lākou, ʻoiai he ʻuʻuku, akā ʻokoʻa i nā manu ʻokoʻa, a kaukaʻi ʻia i ka nohona.
E hoʻolohe i ka leo o ka lio ululāʻau
Me nā ʻokoʻa ʻokoʻa loa, neʻeneʻe kēia mau manu. Hiki iā lākou ke noho i ka subantarctic, arctic tundra, nā kula kiʻekiʻe alpine, nā māla o ke kāʻei waena, a i ka hoʻoilo, loaʻa kekahi mau ʻano ma ʻApelika a me ʻAmelika Waena.
Ke ʻano a me ka nohona o ka manu skate
Lio kilohi (Anthus hodgsoni) ʻo ia paha kekahi o nā lunamaka'āinana loa o ka genus. ʻO kona ʻaoʻao kiʻekiʻe he leo ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻōmaʻomaʻo. ʻEʻeleʻele ka ʻaoʻao lalo o ke kino a he ākea a ʻino hoʻi nā kiko e uhi i ka ʻōpū luna. ʻOi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ke kala o ka manu ʻōpio. E moe ana ka wahi noho mai Tomsk a Iapana; i ka hoʻoilo - hiki ke loaʻa ma India, Burma, Indochina.
I ka kiʻi paʻi aia kahi lio i ʻike ʻia
Lio mauna (Anthus spinoletta) a i ʻole ke kahakai pipit i kala ʻia nā kala ma luna, a me nā nalu ma lalo. I ke kauwela, lilo ka umauma i poni, ma ke poʻo hina, kahi mālamalama o nā kuʻemaka e kū maopopo. Hoihoi ka laha i ka loaʻa ʻole o ka variegation i ke kala.
Hele ka wahi i ka ʻaoʻao hema o ʻEulopa, a ʻo ʻAsia hoʻi (a hiki i Kina). Ma muli o ka makemake o kēia manu i nā kahawai a i ʻole nā wahi kai i kahe ʻia e like me nā wahi noho, neʻe ia ma kahi mamao loa.
ʻO manu kiʻi ʻia he manu lio mauna
Lio ʻāʻī ʻulaʻula (ʻO Anthus cervinus) ke ʻano o ka coloration: ʻo ka ʻaoʻao luna ʻeleʻele me nā kaha ʻeleʻele ma ke kino; melemele keʻokeʻo ka lalo. Ma ka wahi aia kahi lau ʻulaʻula ʻulaʻula, e kaʻa nei i nā ʻaoʻao o kekahi manu.
ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona kūʻokoʻa ke aniani keʻokeʻo i wehewehe pono ʻia a me ke apo keʻokeʻo o nā maka keʻokeʻo. Hoʻonui ka wahi i ka Chukchi Peninsula, loaʻa kekahi mau hiʻohiʻona i ke kahakai komohana o Alaska. Makemake lākou e noho i nā kahawai. Noho like nā noho i ke kauwela a me ka hoʻoilo.
E hoʻolohe i ka leo o ka lio ʻulaʻula
I ka kiʻi aia kahi lio ʻāʻī ʻulaʻula
Lio Meadow (Anthus pratensis) kekahi o nā lāhui maʻamau. Hinahina ke kala, inconspicuous, ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻōmaʻomaʻo ma lalo. Kahi noho: ʻo ʻAkau ʻākau a me ʻEulopa. ʻO nā manu e noho ana ma ʻEnelani a me ʻIlani kahi noho. E neʻe ke koena i ʻApelika ʻākau a i ʻole ʻEulopa hema.
E hoʻolohe i ka leo o ka meadowhorse
Manu manu ʻo Meadowhorse
Lio Siberia (Anthus gustavi) kekahi o nā lunamakaʻaka ʻākau. ʻO ka ʻāpana luna melemele-ʻeleʻele me nā kaha kahamaha. Ua pena ʻia ka mea haʻahaʻa i keʻokeʻo. Kahi noho: Kamchatka, Nā Mokupuni Kāpena, Chukotka Peninsula. Makemake lākou i ka hoʻoilo ma Indonesia a me ka Pilipino.
E hoʻolohe i ka leo o ka lio Siberian
Lio Siberia i ke kiʻi
Pōhaku ʻeleʻele Ke ulu nei ʻo (Anthus richardi) a 20 cm ka lōʻihi a ʻo ia ka lālā nui loa o ka genus ma Central Europe. Hoʻomanaʻo like ke kala me kēlā me ka hapanui o nā skates (luna he brown, ma lalo he beige māmā). Mai ka hikina ʻo Kazakhstan a i ka Moana Pākīpika ka wahi e noho ai.
I ka kiʻi, he lio peʻapeʻa ka manu
Hānai manu
ʻOiai ʻo ka heluna nui o nā skates hau, ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia lākou i ka papa superficially. He hilahila nā manu a aneane hiki ʻole ke hoʻokumu i kahi papaʻai kūpono no kēlā me kēia ʻano. Hoʻokumu ʻia nā ʻike āpau e ka wehewehe ʻana i nā kupapaʻu.
ʻIke hilinaʻi ʻia e ʻai kēia mau manu i nā ʻeleka, invertebrates, arachnids ma ke ʻano he meaʻai. Hiki ke hoʻohui ʻia ka papaʻai hoʻoilo me nā ʻanoʻano. He ala hoihoi i ka hānai ʻana i kekahi ʻano skates. ʻOiai ka hiki ke lele, makemake lākou e ʻai, ʻohiʻohi wale i ka meaʻai mai ka honua.
ʻO ka hana hou a me ke ola o kahi manu o ka skate
He monogamous nā manu e ke kūlohelohe, moena no kekahi mau makahiki a i ʻole no ke ola. ʻAʻohe hōʻike ʻepekema e hoʻopau ai i ke ola maʻamau o kēia mau manu.
Hoʻonohonoho ʻia nā pūnana ma ka honua, e masking pono iā lākou i nā mea kanu me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka mauʻu, moʻo a lāʻau make paha. ʻO ka pinepine, hoʻohana ʻia ka lauoho holoholona i mea moe.
ʻO ka helu maʻamau o nā hua i loko o kahi paʻa ʻo 4. ʻO ka hapanui pinepine, hatch wahine nā hānai wahine, akā aia kekahi mau ʻano kahi e komo ai nā manu ʻelua i kēia (ʻo kahi laʻana, ʻo ka Siberian pipit). Hiki ke hāʻawi ʻia nā kuleana hānai i nā mākua ʻelua (lio mauna).
Hiki ke hina ke kala o ka pūpū i ka hina, poni ʻulaʻula, ʻoliva, speckles a me nā kaha kau. Noho ka manawa incubation ma ka awelika 10-12 mau lā. Hoʻolālā wikiwiki ʻo Skates a kūʻokoʻa i nā keiki i nā makahiki he 12.
ʻO ka moʻo manu kahi kiʻi.
ʻOiai ko lākou hūnā a me ko lākou ʻano nondescript, hiki i nā skates ke lilo i mau holoholona nui. ʻAe maikaʻi lākou i ke pio ʻana, hoʻololi koke i nā ʻano nohona hou, he unpretentious a ma hope o ka manawa pōkole e hoʻomaka e hoʻokaʻawale i ko lākou haku mai waena o nā poʻe ʻē aʻe.
