Me kēlā me kēia kūlanakauhale, ke loli mau nei ka nui o nā kahawai: hoʻonui ʻia kekahi ma muli o ka nui o ka ua, hoʻomaloʻo a hoʻopau ʻia paha ka wai. E like me ka mea e maopopo ai, ʻike ʻia kahi ʻōpala e like me kahi ʻāpana o ka ʻāina me ka wela kiʻekiʻe, i hana ʻia i ke kaʻina o ka hoʻonui ʻana i kahi waihona me nā mea kanu a hoʻopulapula i ka wahi.
ʻO ka papa kuhikuhi nui o nā kahawai
ʻEkolu ʻano nui o nā kūpā.
- Moe haʻahaʻa - ma ke ʻano he rula, kū lākou i kahi o nā loko, ma nā kahawai i kū i kahi pae haʻahaʻa. Hoʻopiha ʻia nā ʻōhua i ka wai i nā manawa āpau. Ma muli o ke komo nui ʻana o ka wai o ka honua, hoʻomaka ka ulu nui o ka ʻilikai me nā limu ʻōmaʻomaʻo, a me nā sedges a me nā mauʻu. Hiki i nā wai pulu ka piha i nā wīlau a me nā alders. I ka hapanui o nā hihia, ʻaʻohe nui o ka peat i nā kahawai, ʻo ka mānoanoa loa he 1.5 mika.
- ʻO Horseback - i ka hapanui o nā hihia, hana ʻia ka hānai ʻana o ia mau bogs ma muli o ka ua. Aia lākou ma nā papa pālahalaha. ʻO ka lumos Sphagnum, ka mauʻu pulupulu, rosemary hihiu, cranberry, heather, a me ka pine, larch a me ka birch e ulu ana i nā ʻāina wai. ʻO ka papa peat i nā bogs i hāpai ʻia i hiki i 10 mau mika; aia kekahi mau hihia ke ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o kēia kiʻi.
- Hoʻololi - kāhea ka poʻe iā lākou he hui. Aia nā panalāʻau i kahi pae hoʻololi ma waena o ka ʻāina haʻahaʻa a hānai ʻia. I nā manawa e hōʻiliʻili nā wahi o ka ʻāina haʻahaʻa i nā koena o nā mea kanu, piʻi aʻe ka ʻili o ka bog.
ʻO kēlā me kēia ʻano o ke kūkaʻi he mea nui ia no ke ola o ke kanaka, no ka mea, he kumu ia o ka peat, kahi humuhū a me kahi noho no nā ʻano holoholona he nui. Ulu nō hoʻi nā mea kanu i nā wahi kai, ʻo nā hua ke hoʻohana ʻia i ka ʻoihana meaʻai.
Nā ʻano ʻōiwi e ke micro-a me ka macro-relief
Aia kekahi mau puʻu, convex a me nā ʻano palahalaha o nā bogs. Māhele ʻia lākou e ka microrelief. Aia nā wahi hilly i nā ʻano peat ʻano, a he mau kenimika a i ʻole mau mika paha. ʻO Convex bogs kahi ʻano. Ke ulu nui nei nā moʻo Sphagnum ma nā kipi. Hoʻopili ʻia nā wahi palahalaha i nā wahi haʻahaʻa a hānai ʻia e ka wai, kahi waiwai i nā minelala.
Wahi a ka macro-relief, no nā awāwa, nā kahawai, nā pali a me nā ʻano waipuna.
Nā ʻano hoʻohālikelike ʻē aʻe o nā kahawai
Aia kekahi ʻano o nā bogs, e like me nā ʻano nahele, nāhelehele, mauʻu a me nā ʻano limu. Hoʻonui ʻia nā puʻu nahele e nā ʻano lāʻau, sphagnum a me nā limu ʻōmaʻomaʻo. ʻO ka hapanui o nā manawa, ʻike ʻia kēlā mau wahi i nā wahi haʻahaʻa.
Hoʻohālikelike ʻia nā bogs Shrub e ka wai kūpaʻa a i ʻole ka wai kahe. Hōʻike ʻia nā mea kanu o kēia wahi e nā kumulāʻau a me nā pine i hoʻokaumaha ʻia.
Hoʻopiha ʻia nā bogs mauʻu me ka sedge, ʻohe, cattail a me nā mea kanu ʻē aʻe. Kūlike nā mea kanu limu i ko lākou wahi: pili lākou i nā kula, nā pali a me nā wai wai. Ma waho aʻe o ka limu (ka mea kanu nui), blueberry, lingonberry, cranberry, wild rosemary a me nā mea olaola ʻē aʻe hiki ke loaʻa ma ka ʻāina.
