Ophiura (mai ka Lat. Ophiuroidea) - nā holoholona kai benthic e pili ana i ke ʻano o nā echinod germ. ʻO kā lākou inoa ʻelua - ʻo "snake-tails" kahi unuhi kikoʻī mai ka Greek Ophiura (nahesa, huelo).
Ua loaʻa i nā holoholona kēia inoa no ko lākou ʻano neʻe. Kōkua ʻia lākou e neʻe ma ka lalo e kahi lōʻihi, hoʻokaʻawale ʻia mai ke "lima" o ke kino, e wili nei e like me nā moʻo.
Papa Ophiura echinod germ, i hoʻopili ʻia ma mua o 2500 ʻano ʻokoʻa. Noho ka hapa nui o nā lunamakaʻāinana i nā wahi tropical, kahi e ʻoluʻolu ai lākou, a ma kahi o 120 mau ʻano luna moku kaua hiki ke loaʻa i ka hohonu o ka wai Lūkini.
ʻO nā koena o kēia mau holoholona i loaʻa e nā archaeologists mai ka manawa ʻelua o ka wā Paleozoic, kahi kokoke i 500 miliona mau makahiki i hala. I ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana o kēia manawa, aia ʻelua mau pūʻulu ophiurs nui:
- ʻO Ophiurida - a i ʻole "maoli ophiura "- echinod germʻaʻohe ʻālohilohi o nā kukuna a ʻaʻohe ona lālā;
- Euryalida - na lunamakaainana o "ofiur lālā ", me kahi hanana kukuna ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī.
ʻO Ophiura wahi noho
Ophiura nohona ola pili i ka lalo. He kupa maʻamau kēia o ke kai hohonu, a he nui ka amplitude e puʻunaue ai. Koho ʻia ʻano o ka ophiur loaʻa pū kekahi i nā ʻāpana kahakai, akā ʻo ka nui o nā moʻo nahesa e noho ana ma ka hohonu he mau kaukani mika.
ʻAʻole piʻi kiʻekiʻe kēia mau ʻano abyssal i ka papa, ua loaʻa nā hohonu loa i kahi hohonu hohonu ma mua o 6,700 mika ka hohonu. ʻO ke ʻano o nā ʻano ʻokoʻa he ʻokoʻa ʻokoʻa: ua koho nā ʻalā wai papau o ka papa i nā pōhaku kahakai, nā ʻākoʻakoʻa a me nā ʻāpana limu, nā mea aloha i nā hohonu hohonu e peʻe i ka lepo.
E kīloi piha ana i ka lepo, a waiho wale i nā kihi o kona mau kukuna ma luna. Noho pū ka nui o nā ʻano ophiura ma waena o nā nila o nā urchins kai, i nā lālā kōhako a i nā ʻenuhe a me nā limu.
I kekahi mau wahi, nui nā hōʻiliʻili o ka ophiur, kahi ʻano biocenoses ʻokoʻa, kahi mea nui i ke ola o nā kaiāulu kai. Hoʻololi nui kēlā ʻano i ka hana holoʻokoʻa o ka ʻōnaehana wai, ʻoiai lākou e ʻai i nā meaola he nui, a, a ʻo ka meaʻai, he meaʻai ia no ke ola kai.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ka hanana o ophiura
Ma kiʻi ofiura ʻano like me kahi iʻa hōkū, akā, kaupalena ʻia kēia like i kekahi o nā hōʻailona kūwaho. ʻO ke ʻano kūloko a me ka mōʻaukala o ka hoʻomohala ʻana o kēia mau ʻano ʻokoʻa ʻokoʻa loa.
Ua neʻe ka ulu ʻana o ka ophiuria i ka hoʻomohala ʻana o nā kukuna, a i ʻole nā "lima" o ka holoholona, kaʻawale mai ke kino nui. Me ke kōkua o lākou, neʻe pono nā ophiuras ma ka moana kai.
ʻO ka diska pā waena o ke kino ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku ma mua o 10-12 cm ke anawaena, ʻoiai nā kukuna e kū mai ana a hiki i ka lōʻihi o 60 cm. ʻO ka ʻokoʻa nui ma waena o Ophiur a me nā ʻelele ʻē aʻe o echinoderm i loko o ka hanana o kēia mau kukuna.
ʻO ka maʻamau aia he ʻelima o lākou, akā i kekahi ʻano lihi hiki i ka helu ke kiʻi i ʻumi mau kukuna. Loaʻa iā lākou nā vertebrae he nui, i hoʻopaʻa ʻia e nā olonā nāwaliwali, me ke kōkua e neʻe ai nā "lima".
Mahalo i kēlā hui like ke ʻano o ka keʻena, Hiki i nā kukuna o kekahi mau ʻano ke wili i loko o kahi pōpō mai ka ʻaoʻao ventral a i ke kino nui.
Ke hele nei ka ophiur i kahi ʻano leʻaleʻa, ʻoiai ke kīloi ʻia ʻana o kahi mau kukuna i mua, e pili ana i ke kaulike ʻole o ke kai a huki i ke kino holoʻokoʻa. Pale aku ka vertebrae mai waho e nā pā iwi iwi lahilahi, i ʻehā lālani.
Mālama nā pā ʻōpū i uhi no nā ʻōkuhi ambulacral, hoʻolako ʻia nā pā pili me nā nila he nui o nā ʻano ʻano like ʻole a me nā helehelena.
Uhi ʻia ka ʻaoʻao o waho o ka iwi iwi me nā unahi maka aniani liʻiliʻi. ʻO kēia ʻano ʻano kiʻi hui o ka maka. I ka nele o nā ʻōnaehana ʻike, hana ʻia kēia hana e ka pūpū ponoʻī, ka mea hiki ke pane i nā loli māmā.
ʻAʻole like me ka starfish, nā wāwae ambulacral e puka mai ana mai nā lua i kēlā me kēia vertebra radial ʻaʻohe ampoules a me nā mea hānai. Hāʻawi ʻia lākou i nā hana ʻē aʻe: tactile a me respiratory.
E like me nā kukuna, uhi paʻa ʻia ka pāpaʻi o ka snaketail e nā pā iwi iwi i ke ʻano o nā unahi. Loaʻa pinepine lākou i nā nila, tubercles, a i ʻole nā bristles. Aia ma waenakonu o ka ʻaoʻao ventral kahi waha pentahedral.
ʻO ke kinona o ka waha e kuhikuhi ʻia e nā āwae - ʻelima mau huinakolu triangular, i hoʻolako ʻia me nā papa waha. ʻO ke ʻano o ka waha a me nā aʻa e ʻae i ka ophiuras ʻaʻole wale e haki i ka meaʻai, akā e hopu a paʻa hoʻi iā ia.
Mea ʻai Ophiur
ʻAi nā moʻo moʻohehe i nā meaola kai like ʻole. Aia i loko o kā lākou papaʻai nā ilo, plankton, nā meaola kai maikaʻi, nā limu a me nā mea koʻa momona. Pili pinepine nā kukuna o ka ophiura a me kona mau wāwae i ka hopu ʻana, ka mālama ʻana, a me ka lawe ʻana i ka meaʻai i ka lua o ka waha.
Hoʻohilahi ʻia nā mea liʻiliʻi a me ka dendrite o lalo e nā wāwae ambulacral, ʻoiai e hopu ʻia nā mea nui e nā kukuna, kahi e wili nei, e lawe mai i ka meaʻai i ka waha. Hoʻomaka ka ʻauwai ʻōpū me ka waha echinoderm ophiur, nona nā:
- ʻEsopago
- ʻO kahi ʻōpū e lawe i ka hapa nui o ke kino
- Cecum (ʻaʻohe anus)
ʻAneʻane hiki i nā ophiuras āpau ke ʻike i kahi pio mai kahi mamao. He mea nui nā wāwae i kēia, e ʻala ai ka pilau o ka meaʻai e hiki mai ana. Me ke kōkua o nā kaola, neʻe ka holoholona i ke ala i makemake ʻia, a hāmau i ka pae.
Ke wili nā holoholona i ka meaʻai me nā unahi o ka waha, kuhikuhi pololei ʻia nā kukuna a piʻi i luna. Hoʻohana nā kaiāulu nui o nā ophiuria lālā i kā lākou mau kukuna "shaggy" e hana i nā pahele kūikawā, kahi e hāʻule ai nā ilo, nā crustacea a i ʻole nā jellyfish.
ʻO ke kapeta o nā kukuna lālā e hopu maʻalahi i ka meaʻai kai i hoʻopau ʻia (plankton). ʻO kēia ala o ka meaʻai e kuhikuhi i ka ofeur i ka kānana muco-ciliary. Aia nā mea ʻai kupapaʻu ma waena o nā echinod germ.
ʻO kekahi ʻano o ka ophiur, no ka laʻana, ophiura ʻeleʻele, hiki ke mālama ʻia i loko o nā aquarium. Hānai ʻia kēia mau holoholona me nā kai kai maloʻo kūikawā, akā hiki iā ʻoe ke mālama iā lākou i nā ʻāpana liʻiliʻi o ka iʻa hou.
Ka hana hou a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ophiura
Hoʻokahele ʻia ka hapa nui o nā huelo nahesa i nā wahine a me nā kāne, akā aia kekahi mau ʻano hermaphrodite. Ma waena o nā ʻano ophiuria, aia kekahi mau ʻano i hoʻouluulu ʻia e ka mahele transverse.
Hana pinepine ʻia kēia i nā echinodermia ʻeono kukuna liʻiliʻi, ʻaʻole ʻoi aku ke anawaena o ka disk ma mua o kekahi mau mika. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka pā hōkū i kekahi ala i ʻekolu mau kukuna i koe me hoʻokahi ʻāpana o ke kino. I ka hala ʻana o ka manawa, hoʻihoʻi ʻia nā "lima" i nalowale, akā pōkole paha ka lōʻihi.
Pihi ka hoʻoulu ʻana o ka ophiur hana ʻia i ka wā ma ka puna a me ke kauwela. Ke ala aʻe nei i nā wēlau o nā kukuna, hoʻolei ka holoholona i nā huahana moekolohe i loko o ka wai, a momona ʻia e nā kāne.
I loko o ke kiʻi he ophiura ʻeleʻele
I loko o ka wai, momona nā hua a hele i ke kahua o ka larva - ophiopluteus, i hiki ke ʻike ʻia e nā ʻāpana like symmetrical a me nā kaʻina lōʻihi.
Lawe kēia hana i ka awelika o ʻekolu mau pule, a ma hope o ka hoʻomohala hou ʻana o ka larva i kahi makua i ka wai. Hoʻopau ka ophiura i lalo i ka pau ʻana o ke kahua hoʻomohala a hiki i ka holoholona ʻōpio ke alakaʻi i kahi nohona o lalo.
Akā ʻaʻole nā ʻano ophiura e kīloi i nā hunaola i loko o ka wai. Hāpai kekahi echinod germ i nā ʻōpio i loko o lākou iho, a i ʻole i nā ʻeke kūikawā - bursa, a i ʻole nā ovaries. Komo ka wai hou i ka bursa ma loko o nā lua, a me ka sperm hou.
ʻAe kēia hiʻohiʻona i hoʻokahi kanaka e hānau i nā hanauna he nui o nā holoholona ʻōpio i ka manawa hoʻokahi. Hiki i nā Ophiuras ke hoʻohua kūʻokoʻa i ka makahiki ʻelua o ke ola, ʻoiai ʻo ka holoholona o ke kai i hōʻea i kona ulu ʻana ma o 5-6 mau makahiki o ka noho ʻana.
