Nā hiʻohiʻona a me nā wahi noho o ka ʻīlio hae ʻulaʻula
ʻO ka ʻīlio ʻulaʻula kahi mea make ʻaneʻane pau ʻole. ʻO kahi lunamakaʻāinana maʻamau ʻole o ka holoholona canine he holoholona ʻaihue nui ʻ Wolflio ʻulaʻula, e piʻi ana i kahi kiʻekiʻe ma kahi e mae ai ma kahi o ka hapalua mika.
I waho, nānā ka holoholona ʻaʻole wale i ka ʻīlio hae hae maʻamau, akā like me ka ʻalopeke ʻulaʻula, ʻoiai ke loaʻa nā hiʻohiʻona o ka ʻīlio hae. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke kino o kēia mea e pili ana i 110 cm, a ʻokoʻa ke kaumaha o kēlā me kēia kanaka, kaukaʻi ʻia i ka wahine, ma ke kaha mai 13 a 21 kg.
E like me ka mea i ʻike maopopo ʻia ma kiʻi o kahi ʻīlio hae ʻulaʻula, lako a paʻa ka kumukānāwai o ka holoholona, a ulu ʻokoʻa nā mākala. Hiki ke hoʻokolokolo i ke kala o ka hulu o ka holoholona mai kona inoa.
Eia naʻe, no ka mea ʻoi aku ka pololei, ʻaʻole hula ka hulu o kēia meaola, akā he hue keleawe-ʻulaʻula, akā ʻo ka ʻōnaeho kala i ka nui o ka makahiki o ka holoholona, a me ka ʻāina kahi e noho ai.
ʻO ka maʻamau, haʻaheo nā mākua i nā kua ahi, akā ʻo ka ʻōpū a me nā wāwae ka māmā o ke kala. ʻO ka huelo o ka holoholona he nani ia, ke hahau nei i ka poʻe a puni me ka hulu huluhulu ʻeleʻele.
Heluhelu nā mea kālailaolaola i ʻumi mau lālā o ia holoholona. A noho lākou i ka ʻāina mai Altai a i Indochina. Akā ʻo ka wahi nui o nā ʻīlio ʻulaʻula e waiho ana i loko o nā wahi hema a waena o ʻAsia.
Ke noho nei i nā panalāʻau nui, kaʻana like ʻole ʻia nā holoholona ma luna o lākou, a ua māhelehele ʻia nā ʻano i koe i nā ʻāpana like ʻole o kā lākou pae. Ma nā moku Lūkia, he ʻano laha ʻole ia mau holoholona; ʻike nui ʻia lākou ma Altai, Buryatia, Tuva, Khabarovsk Teritori a ma ka hema komohana o Primorye.
Nā ʻīlio ʻulaʻula – Holoholona holoholona, ʻo ia hoʻi ka poʻe o lākou e noho nei i nā panalāʻau o ka ʻaoʻao hema o ka pae. Akā noho nō nā steppes a me nā wao akua, kahi e neʻe pinepine ai nā holoholona i ka ʻimi ʻana i nā wahi momona i ka meaʻai. Eia naʻe, makemake lākou i nā wahi mauna, nā wahi pōhaku me nā kahawai a me nā ana.
ʻO ke ʻano a me ka nohona
E pili ana i nā ʻīlio ʻulaʻula Nui nā kaʻao e haʻi maʻalahi ana e pili ana i ka puni koko o kēia mau holoholona, i hiki ke hōʻike i kā lākou hana, ma ke ao a me ka pō.
Hele lākou i ka hopu holoholona i kahi hui, kahi e hui pinepine ai ma kahi o ʻumikūmālua mau kānaka, a hiki ke kūleʻa i ke kaua me nā mea ʻino nui e like me ke Tiga a me ka leopadi. Ke hele nei i kahi pio, laina lākou i kahi kaulahao, a koho i kahi mea i hōʻino ʻia, kipaku lākou iā ia i kahi ākea, kahi e hakakā ai.
ʻO nā ʻenemi o kēia holoholona he ʻohana nui, nā lunamakaʻāinana o ka ʻohana canine, nā ʻīlio hae a i ʻole nā coyotes. Akā ʻaʻole like me nā ʻohana pili olaola e hopu nei i nā mea ʻino na ka ʻāʻī, makemake nā ʻīlio ʻulaʻula i kahi hoʻouka kaua ma hope.
Ma India, ma hea lūlū ʻulaʻula holoholona kū pinepine, kapa ka poʻe kahiko i nā predators weliweli he "ʻīlio hihiu". Akā ma Indochina, e like me nā wahi noho ʻē aʻe, ke emi mau nei ka heluna o ka ʻīlio hae ʻulaʻula.
Wahi a nā ʻepekema, ʻaʻohe mea i ʻoi aku ma mua o ʻelua a ʻekolu paha mau tausani ʻano ʻē a ʻano laha ʻole hoʻi i ka honua. Ma nā panalāʻau o Rūsia, ua aneane pau loa kēia mau mea ʻino.
ʻO ke kumu o ka pilikia, e like me kekahi mau manaʻo, ka hoʻokūkū ikaika o kēlā mau holoholona me nā ʻīlio hae hina - nā mea kūʻē kūʻē a me nā mea ʻaihue ikaika, e lanakila mau nei i ka hakakā no nā kumuwaiwai.
ʻO ka hana a kahi kanaka e ʻimi mau nei i nā panalāʻau hou he hopena maikaʻi ʻole. Eia hou, ʻo ke kī ʻana o kēia mau holoholona e nā poʻe ʻimi holoholona a me nā mea ʻai holoholona, a me ka hoʻomāinoino ʻia e nā poʻe, ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻomaopopo ʻia nā hopena.
Ma muli o ka emi ʻana o ka heluna kanaka, ua hāʻule nā holoholona i loko Buke ʻulaʻula. ʻ Wolflio ʻulaʻula ʻaʻole wale i pale ʻia e ke kānāwai, akā ua lilo i mea o ke ana o nā ana i hana e hoʻonui i ka nui o kāna poʻe. Hoʻopili kēia i ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana o nā mālama kūlohelohe a me ka mālama pū ʻana i nā genome.
Mea ʻai
ʻOiai he predator e ke kūlohelohe, ʻo ka wolf ʻulaʻula ka nui o nā meaʻai holoholona i kāna papaʻai. Hiki iā ia ke lilo i mau mea liʻiliʻi ʻelua: nā moʻo a me nā rodents liʻiliʻi, a me nā lunamaka nunui o ka holoholona, no ka laʻana, antelope a me nā dia.
ʻO ka hapanui pinepine, lilo nā ungulate i mau maka o ka ʻīlio ʻulaʻula, hiki iā lākou ke lilo i hipa home, a mai nā kamaʻāina hihiu: nā puaʻa hihiu, nā dia, nā kao mauna a me nā hipa kāne.
Hōʻalo pinepine kēia mau mea ʻino i ke ao, a kōkua ke ʻano o ka honi iā lākou e ʻimi i kā lākou mea pio. Hana pinepine ia nā ʻīlio ʻulaʻula, e makemake ana e honi i kā lākou mea pio, lele i luna a omo i ka ea.
Ke ʻimi holoholona, hana kekahi ʻāpana o nā ʻīlio ʻulaʻula i kahi ʻano kūlike a hoʻonohonoho pono ʻia. Hoʻolālā nā lālā o ka hui i kahi kaulahao a hoʻomau i kā lākou neʻe ʻana i kahi ʻano kolamu, e like me ke ʻano o ke arc i ke ʻano.
Ke alualu nei i ka mea pio me ia mau pale, haʻalele ka poʻe ʻaihue i kā lākou pahuhopu ola i kahi manawa e pakele ai. ʻElua a ʻekolu paha mau mea ikaika hiki ke pepehi i nā dia nui i loko o kekahi mau minuke.
ʻO ka ʻai ʻana i kā lākou mea pio e nā ʻīlio ʻulaʻula kahi maka weliweli. Holo wikiwiki nā mea pōloli pōloli i kahi holoholona hapa make, a hoʻopau iā ia me ka wikiwiki i loaʻa ʻole ka manawa o ka mea pōpilikia e make ai, a ʻo nā ʻāpana o kona kino e hoʻopau i ka ʻōpū o nā ʻīlio hae ke ola nei ia.
I ka manawa pinepine, i ka ʻimi ʻana i nā meaʻai, neʻe nui nā ʻīlio ʻulaʻula me ka ʻohana holoʻokoʻa, no laila ke neʻe nei i nā wahi i ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi, aia lākou ma kahi mamao a 600 km mai kahi mua o ka hoʻokumu ʻana o ka ʻohana.
Ma waho aʻe o kaʻiʻo hou o ka mea pio, nā ʻīlio ʻulaʻula, ʻoluʻolu i ka pono o nā wikamina, e hoʻohana ana i ka mea kanu mea kanu e like me ka forage. A hānai pinepine nā mākua i kā lākou mau keiki ma ka lawe ʻana iā lākou i nā ʻāpana o ka rhubarb.
ʻO ka hana hou a me ke ola o ka wolf ʻulaʻula
Hoʻokumu kēlā mau holoholona i nā ʻohana ikaika, hānai ʻana i nā keiki a ʻaʻole hoʻi e wāwahi i ko lākou ola. Hāpai ka ʻīlio hae i nā keiki ma kahi o ʻelua mau mahina. Hānau ʻia nā ʻīlio ʻulaʻula ʻulaʻula, a i ka helehelena like loa lākou me nā ʻīlio kahu hānai Kelemania.
ʻO kahi kiʻi wolf ʻulaʻula ke kiʻi ʻia
Ulu a ulu wikiwiki lākou, e hāmama ana i ko lākou mau maka ma hope o ʻelua pule. A i ka makahiki o ʻelua mau mahina ʻaʻole lākou e ʻokoʻa i ke kanaka makua. Ma kahi o 50 mau lā mai ka manawa o ko lākou hānau ʻana, ke hoʻomaka mua nā keiki e hōʻike i ko lākou leo, ʻo ia hoʻi, ka hae nui ʻana.
Huli pinepine ka leo o kēia mau holoholona i kahi e uē ai lākou. A hāʻawi nā mākua i ka wā alualu a me nā manawa o ka weliweli i nā hōʻailona i ko lākou ʻohana ma ka whistling.
Ua launa manuahi nā ʻīlio ʻulaʻula me nā ʻīlio kūloko. I ka nahelehele, kahi e hana ai kēia mau meaola manuahi i kahi hakakā ikaika mau no ko lākou ola ʻana, ʻaʻole ola nā holoholona ma mua o ʻelima mau makahiki. Akā i ka hoʻopaʻa pio ʻana, kahi e nui ai nā pōʻino, mālama a mālama pono i ka meaʻai, hiki i nā ʻīlio ʻulaʻula ke ola i 15 mau makahiki.
