ʻO kahi iʻa liʻiliʻi e like pohō, kamaʻāina i nā mea he nui, no ka mea he kamaʻāina ia o nā waihona wai like ʻole a loaʻa pinepine ʻia e nā lawaiʻa amatir. I ka nānā mua ʻana, ʻaʻole hiki ke ʻike i kekahi mea i ʻike nui ʻia i loko o ia mea, akā e hoʻāʻo mākou e hoʻopaʻa i nā nuances nui o kona ola, e wehewehe ana ʻaʻole wale ma waho, akā e nānā pono i ke ʻano a me nā ʻano, ke aʻo ʻana i nā mea hoihoi mai ke ola iʻa o ka pōʻino.
Ke kumu o ka laha a me ka wehewehe
Kiʻi: Ukleyka
Kapa ʻia ʻo Bleak, bleak, blak maʻamau, sylyavka, pili ia i ka ʻohana carp a he ʻano iʻa maʻamau. ʻO ka mea kupaianaha, he nui nā inoa like ʻole o kēia iʻa liʻiliʻi, kaukaʻi ʻia i ka ʻāina kikoʻī o ka noho iʻa.
No laila, kapa ʻia ka pōuliuli:
- verkhovka (verkhovka);
- dergun;
- kūlikeʻe;
- paʻa
- kāʻei.
ʻO Bleak kahi iʻa nani, liʻiliʻi, ʻāhinahina i loaʻa kahi oblong build. I ka helehelena, me he mea lā ua pālahalaha iki ʻia mai nā ʻaoʻao. Hoʻonui iki ʻia ka iwi ā lalo o ka iʻa, a hāwili ʻia ka waha i luna. Ma ke ʻano laulā, hoʻokaʻawale nā ʻepekema e pili ana i 45 mau ʻano o kēia mau iʻa i loko o ka genepope, kahi e ʻokoʻa ʻole ai ma nā wahi o ko lākou noho paʻa mau wale nō, akā ma kekahi mau hiʻohiʻona o waho.
He mea nui ʻole nā ʻokoʻa ma waena o nā ʻano bleak. Aia nā iʻa me ka ihu i hoʻopōkole iki ʻia a me nā kaha ʻeleʻele i nā ʻaoʻao. I nā ipu muliwai o ʻEulopa, hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i ka pohō me kahi kua aniani ʻulaʻula. Hana ʻia ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o nā ʻano iʻa o kēia iʻa he helu ʻokoʻa o nā niho pharyngeal. I nā kahawai o ke kahawai Kai ʻEleʻele, ke kai Caspian a me ka Don, aia kekahi mau puʻupuʻu nui, ʻo kona lōʻihi e hiki aku i 30 cm a ʻoi aku. ʻO ke kaupaona o kēlā pēpē he ʻoi aku ma mua o 200 gram, he ākea kona kumukānāwai a me nā ʻāpana ʻulaʻula ʻulaʻula.
ʻO ka helehelena a me nā hiʻohiʻona
Kiʻi: Pulu ka iʻa
No laila, he iʻa liʻiliʻi ka bleak maʻamau, ʻo ka lōʻihi o kona lōʻihi a hiki i 15 knm, ʻo ke kaulike o ke kaumaha o 60 sm, akā aia kekahi mau hiʻohiʻona nui aʻe (ma kahi o 100 gram). Ua ʻike ʻia ka pōkole iki o ka muliwai ma mua o ka mea e noho ana i nā wai o nā loko.
E like me ka mea i hoʻomaopopo ʻia, he kino elongated a haʻahaʻa ko ka bleak, ua aneane pololei ka pali o ka iʻa, a kōwī iki ka ʻōpū. ʻO ke poʻo liʻiliʻi o ka iʻa he kiko kiko kona: ʻo nā maka o ka leha ma luna ona me he mea lā nui, me nā haumāna ʻeleʻele nui. Hoʻokomo ʻia ka waha o ka uha me nā niho pharyngeal e ulu ana i nā lālani ʻelua, he ʻano pelekane ko lākou a me nā kihi kaulike ʻole. I ka hopena o ka huelo iʻa, ʻike maopopo ʻia kahi ʻāpana kala ʻeleʻele nui me kahi ʻoki hohonu. Ashy a melemele iki paha nā koena.
Video: Bleak
Kapa ʻia ke kala ʻeleʻele pelagic, ʻo ia hoʻi ʻike ʻia ia e kahi ʻāpana dorsal pouli a me kahi kukui ma lalo, kahi e hoʻohuli i ka iʻa, e pale ana i nā mea ʻino o ka lalo a me nā manu e hoʻouka kaua ana mai ka lewa. He pālākiō hao metala me ka aniani e like me ka aniani o ke aniani. I ka ʻāpana o ke kua, ʻike ʻia kahi hina hina, polū ʻoliva iki, a māmā mau ka ʻōpū. ʻO ka hōʻailona ʻoi loa o ka blur ka pīlali, ke kālā, nā unahi iʻa e pili koke i kou mau lima inā ʻoe e lawe iʻa i loko o lākou. Kohu mea lā, ʻo ia ke kumu i kapa ʻia ai kēlā.
Mea hoihoi: Nawaliwali loa nā unahi unahi, ke lawe nei i kekahi manawa me kekahi mea (nā mea kanu, nā pōhaku), no laila maʻalahi ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana i kēia iʻa, hiki iā ʻoe ke hamo wale me ka paʻakai i loko o kahi ipu, a laila holoi me ka wai.
Ma hea e noho ai ka pilau?
Kiʻi: Bleak underwater
ʻO ka panalāʻau a pau o ʻEulopa, koe wale nā ʻāina hema, ʻo ia ka ʻāpana o ka blak. I ka laulā o ko mākou ʻāina, ua koho kēia iʻa i ka wai o ka ʻāpana ʻEulopa, ʻoiai e noho pū kekahi ia i nā kīʻaha muliwai ʻAsia. Nui ʻo Ukleyka i nā panalāʻau o nā loko a me nā kahawai e pili ana i nā Moana Baletika a me nā Keʻokeʻo.
Uhi ka ʻāpana o ka iʻa i kēia:
- Dvina ʻĀkau;
- Pahu kai ʻEleʻele;
- ʻO Caspian;
- Azov;
- Kama;
- Nā mea kōkua o ka Irtysh a me ka Iset;
- Pōlani;
- Pinilana;
- Nā mokuʻāina ʻo Baletika.
Mea hoihoi: He mea kupaianaha, hiki ke loaʻa ka hū ma nā pali Ural, eia nō naʻe, e noho iki ana ia ma laila. ʻAʻole hiki i nā ʻepekema ke noʻonoʻo pehea i hele ai kēia iʻa liʻiliʻi i loko o nā kuahiwi, he mea pohihihi maoli kēia.
Hoʻopili ke kāpili i nā papa wai o luna, e noho ana i nā kahawai, nā loko, nā loko, nā waihona wai a me nā kahawai liʻiliʻi. ʻOiai ʻaʻole e hoʻoweliweli ka wai brackish i kēia iʻa. Hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike pinepine i nā ʻohana hū e ʻūlū kokoke ana i nā alahaka. I nā lā wela wela, neʻe ka helehelena mai ke kapakai aku, i ke ahiahi lele hou ka iʻa i ke kahakai kahakai, e waiho ana ma kahi hohonu pāpaʻu (ma kahi o hoʻokahi a me ka hapa mika ka ulu o nā mea kanu kahakai. Ma kahi e ulu ai nā līlia wai a me ka pā duckweed, aloha aloha e hoʻoili ʻia, pū kekahi, ʻauʻau pinepine ia i nā moena ʻohe, kahi e hoʻomaha ai a kakahiaka.
Hāʻawi ʻo Ukleyka i ka makemake i nā wai kahe, e ʻono nei i nā ʻāpana muliwai mālie loa, ʻoiai ʻaʻole e hoʻopilikia ka ʻe wikiwiki i kēia iʻa, maʻalahi ia iā ia. Noho ʻo Ukleyka i nā wahi wai kahi kahi ʻiliʻili a i ʻole ke one o lalo, a hoʻopiha maikaʻi ʻia ka wai kahe me ka oxygen. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia kēia iʻa e kahi noho nohona, ke hoʻololi nei i nā wahi o kona noho paʻa wale nō i ka manawa o ka spawning. I ka hāʻule, pono i kahi ipo wai poʻo e iho i ka hohonu e hoʻolilo i ka hoʻoilo i nā lua o lalo.
He aha ka mea e ʻai ai ka maʻi?
Kiʻi: Bleak i ka muliwai
Hiki ke kapa ʻia ʻo Bleak he omnivorous, ʻoiai heʻuʻuku kēia iʻa, akā nui loa ia, ʻaʻole ia he mea i loko o ia mea e koho a wikiwiki e pili ana i ka meaʻai, hānai ka iʻa me ka hauʻoli i nā mea kolo like ʻole, e holo ʻaneʻane nei i kekahi o ko lākou ʻelele.
Aloha ʻo Bleak i ka meaʻai māmā:
- zooplankton (ʻo kēia ka ipu nui o kāna papa kuhikuhi);
- makika;
- lele;
- ʻōpala;
- nā larvae like ʻole;
- nā mayflies;
- ka caviar o kekahi iʻa waena kaulike;
- honuipolo;
- kālua i ka moa.
ʻO ka nui o nā mea kanu mea kanu i ka papa inoa blak he haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa ia i ka papaʻai o nā holoholona. Ua ʻike ʻia me ka lele nui ʻana o nā mayflies, hoʻomau ka ʻai ʻana o ka iʻa i kēia mau mea kolo. Ma mua o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka hekili a me ka ua, hoʻomaka ka ikaika o ka puʻupuʻu dexterous, hāʻawi pio i ka huli. ʻO kēia no ka mea i kēia manawa, hāʻule nā midges he nui i loko o ka wai mai nā mea kanu kahakai, a nā iʻa e ale koke ai. Pono e hoʻohui ʻia e hoʻomaka ka blim e pīpī ikaika a kuʻi i kāna huelo i loko o ka wai i mea e pīpī ai i nā lihi mai nā kumu kai me kahi ʻehu. Hiki i ka iʻa ke ʻai i nā hua, nā hua a me ka pollen o nā mea kanu i hāʻule i loko o ka wai.
Mea hoihoi: I ke kau mahana, a me ka mālie, hiki iā ʻoe ke nānā i kēlā ʻano kiʻi ke lele ka wai i waho o ka wai i mea e hopu ai i nā midges i ka lele ʻana, kahi āna e aloha ai.
Inā mākou e kamaʻilio e pili ana i ka lawaiʻa a me nā maunu e nahu pono ai ka nahu, a laila hiki iā ʻoe ke papa inoa: ka palaoa, nā pōpō berena, nā ilo lepo, nā ʻūlū, nā ʻokena a me nā mea hou aku.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano a me ka nohona
Kiʻi: Ukleyka
ʻO Bleak kahi iʻa kaiāulu e makemake i kahi ola like, no laila hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike pinepine i nā kula nunui o ka neʻe e neʻe ana i ka wai e ʻimi ai i kahi meaʻai māmā. Makemake ka iʻa e pili i ka hohonu o 70 - 80 cm mai ka hoʻomaka o ka puna a hiki i ke kau anuanu. I loko o kēlā mau waihona kahi e noho nui ai nā iʻa predatory, liʻiliʻi nā kula o bleak, ʻae kēia i ka iʻa ʻaʻole e ʻumeʻume i ka manaʻo o nā mea ʻaihue a me ka maneuverable. Pono e hoʻomaopopo ʻia he dexterous a ʻeleu hoʻi ka bleak, hiki ke kapa ʻia he sprinter maoli, mākaukau e hoʻomohala wikiwiki, hūnā ʻana mai kahi mea makemake ʻole, hoʻopakele pinepine nā taleni haʻuki i ke ola o kahi iʻa.
I loko o nā kino wai kahi e nui ai nā mea hoʻomake, hoʻonoho ʻia ka bleak i nā wahi ākea, e pale ana i nā wahi i ulu nui ʻia, no laila, ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o ka iʻa e holo me ka loaʻa ʻole o nā ala like ʻole. Ke komo i loko ke anuanu, neʻe ka hū i loko o ka hohonu o ka wai iʻa, hoʻolilo ka iʻa i ka hoʻoilo holoʻokoʻa ma ke ʻano anabiotic, e komo ana i loko o nā lua hoʻoilo me kāna ʻohana ʻola ʻē aʻe. Ke hoʻomau nei kēia stagnation i ke ola iʻa a hiki i ka wā e hoʻoheheʻe ai ka hau.
I ke kamaʻilio ʻana e pili ana i ke ʻano o kēia iʻa liʻiliʻi, pono e hoʻohui ʻia he nimble a me ke ola, ua ʻike lōʻihi ʻia kēia e nā ipo lawaiʻa. ʻAʻole ia no ka mea ʻole i kapa ʻia ka blak e he hoʻoheheʻe kiʻekiʻe, aia ma ka ʻili o ka wai e ʻimi ai i nā meaʻai, no laila, pinepine, ʻaʻole ia e ʻae e hāʻule ka maunu, hopu koke iā ia.
ʻO ke kūkulu kaiāulu a me ka hana hou
Kiʻi: Pulu ka iʻa
Hoʻomaka ʻo Bleak e hānau i ʻelua mau makahiki, a ʻo kona awelika o ke ola ma kahi o 8 mau makahiki. Hele nā Shoals i kahi kahua hānau kūpono. Ke ʻae ʻia ka mahana o ka wai (10 kekelē a ʻoi), hoʻomaka nā wahine e hoʻomoe i kahi nui o nā hua manu, a hiki i ka 11,000.
ʻO ka hapanui pinepine, waiho ʻia nā hua i loko o ke kahawai wai pāpaʻu, i pumehana ʻia e ka lā a he wahi lepo ko lalo. Kū ka nui o ka hoʻolei ʻana i nā hua manu ma kahi kokoke i nā mea kanu wai, akā pili ia i nā pōhaku, nā aʻa o nā kumu kai. Hoʻomaka nā kāne e hoʻohua i nā hua. Hoʻopili koke ka nui caviar mass me kahi melemele melemele i nā pōhaku a me nā mea kanu.
Ma ka laulā, ʻo ka manawa hānau keiki holoʻokoʻa he 4 mau lā wale nō, hoʻonāukiuki ʻia ke kaʻina hana i ka lā wale nō, i ka mālamalama o ka lā, a kū me ka hōʻea ʻana o ke ahiahi. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka ʻōnaehana Bleak e kekahi mau pae, i hoʻomaka i ka hopena o Malaki a i ka hopena ma waena o Iune. Aia ia i ka waihona kikoʻī a me ke ʻano o ka mahana o ka wai i loko. Hoʻoikaika nui ka iʻa i ka wā o ka spawning, hiki iā ʻoe ke lohe i nā ʻōpala o ka wai pinepine a me nā pop. Pēlā e hoʻopuehu ai i nā hua momona i pili i nā pōhaku, nā mea kanu, ka papa o lalo.
Aia ka manawa hoʻokomo o nā hua i ka nui o ka hoʻomehana ʻana o ka wai. Inā lawa ka mahana, a laila i loko o ʻelima mau lā e hoʻomaka ai ke kūkulu ʻana o nā larvae, a ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o kahi iki o 4 mm. I hoʻokahi pule ma hope, hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i ke ʻano o ka palai, ka mea i pili mua i nā mānoanoa kokoke i ke kahakai, e ʻai ana i ka zooplankton a me nā limu liʻiliʻi. ʻO kā lākou hiʻohiʻona hiʻohiʻona ka waihoʻoluʻu bluish o ke kua, no laila hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻomaopopo koke he mau puʻupuʻu liʻiliʻi kēia. Piʻi wikiwiki nā pēpē, ma hope o hoʻokahi makahiki lilo lākou i ʻōpio kūʻokoʻa.
Mea hoihoi: Bleak spawns e ke kūpuna. ʻO ka mea mua, hana ka ʻōpū i nā iʻa makua aʻe, a laila ʻōpio, oʻo makua, pili nā mea iʻa i kēia kaʻina. Lawe ʻia ʻo Caviar hoʻolei i nā ʻāpana me kahi wā he 10 mau lā.
ʻO nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe o ka maʻiū
Kiʻi: Pālua o nā huhū
He ʻenemi nui ʻo Bleak, ka iʻa predatory ka hapanui, a ʻo ia mau mea:
- perches;
- pike;
- asp;
- chub;
- pike perch.
ʻAʻole ʻimi nā Predators i ka iʻa wale nō, akā pāʻina pū nō hoʻi i kāna caviar a me ka ʻai me ka leʻaleʻa. I loko o kekahi wai kino blū ke kumu o ka papaʻai o nā iʻa predatory he nui, kahi e luku ai iā ia i ka nui.
Kūpilikiʻi kahi iʻa liʻiliʻi mai ka lewa, ʻaʻole makaʻu nā manu i ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi meaʻai māmā me kahi iʻa momona a momona hoʻi.
No laila lilo pinepine ka maʻi i mea hōʻeha:
- terns;
- loona;
- limu;
- ʻalalā;
- ʻona.
Hiki i nā manu ke lawaiʻa maʻalahi i ka blak, i ahu ʻia i nā ʻohana ma kahi kokoke o ka wai. Ma waho aʻe o nā manu a me nā iʻa predatory, ʻo nā ʻenemi o ka bleak me nā holoholona waterfowl e like me ka otter, muskrat a me ka mink. ʻOiai i waena o nā mea kolo, loaʻa ka poʻe makemake ʻole i ka maʻi, no laila e ʻai pinepine nā hua iʻa a me nā ʻai e nā beetle ʻauʻau.
Me ke kānalua ʻole, nā lawaiʻa e hoʻāʻo e hopu i kahi iʻa dexterous i nā ʻano like ʻole: me ke kōkua o kahi koʻokoʻo lana, koʻokoʻo wili, lawaiʻa lele, hiki ke helu ʻia i waena o nā ʻenemi o ka pōʻino. ʻIke e pili ana i ka momona o ka iʻa, hoʻohana nā lawaiʻa i nā ʻano lure ʻokoʻa, mai nā peʻapeʻa, nā lele, nā ʻīlio a me nā ilo i nā ʻāpana berena maʻalahi, nā huapalaoa huapalapala a me nā palaoa. Hoʻopaʻa pinepine ʻia ʻo Bleak ma ke ʻano he maunu ola no ka hopu hope ʻana o ka iʻa mōʻa nui (ʻo kahi laʻana, pike).
Mea hoihoi: ʻIke kahi blak akamai i kahi maʻalea maʻalea: ke kiʻi aku kahi iʻa predatory me ia, hiki iā ia ke lele i waho o ka wai i ke kahakai, a laila hoʻi i kāna kumu maoli. I kēia manawa, ua hala ka makaʻu, a ʻo kahi iʻa kūpale ka mamao loa.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
Kiʻi: Ukleyka
Hana nā ʻano Bleak i nā lehulehu like ʻole, pili ia i kekahi mau wahi o kona kū mau. Pāpaʻu a elongated ka muliwai bleak, ʻoiai ʻoi aku ka nui o ka loko blak a he kua kiʻekiʻe kona. Nānā ʻole ʻia o kāna mau palena a me kona ʻano, he ʻano iʻa lehulehu ka bleak, i loaʻa pinepine ʻia i loko o nā ʻano wai like ʻole. Ua makemake ʻo Ukleyka i kahi kokoke i nā wahi a pau o ʻEulopa, i ko mākou ʻāina noho pū kekahi ia ma nā wahi āpau.
ʻOiai he nui nā ʻenemi o kēia iʻa liʻiliʻi, ʻaʻohe mea e hoʻoweliweli i kona lehulehu, he nūhou maikaʻi kēia. ʻOiai ʻo ka iʻa iʻa predatory e hoʻopau i ka blak, hoʻihoʻi hou ia i kāna holoholona ma muli o ka momona momona a me ka ulu wikiwiki. No laila, ʻaʻole e nalo ana ka bleak a ʻaʻole i hoʻokomo ʻia i loko o ka Red Book. Wahi a ke kūlana i hāʻawi ʻia i kēia iʻa e ka IUCN, pili ia i ka laha hopohopo ʻole.
ʻAʻohe waiwai kūʻai kūikawā ʻo Bleak, no laila hopu wale nā mea lawaiʻa amateur iā ia. ʻO ka momona ka momona a ono loa. ʻAi lākou ʻaʻole wale i ka palū palai, akā i ka paʻakai, hoʻomaloʻo, puhi ʻia, pūlehu i hoʻomoʻa ʻia. Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ka iʻa ma ke ʻano he meaʻai māmā pia.
Mea hoihoi: I ka manawa ma mua, ua hoʻohana ʻia nā flakes silvery o ka blak e nā poʻe ʻEulopa e hana i nā momi hana lima kiʻekiʻe loa. Ua hoʻomaka kēia ʻenehana ma ka Hikina, i kēlā manawa hoʻonohonoho nā poʻe i ka unuhi ʻana o kēia iʻa liʻiliʻi.
I ka hopena makemake wau e hoʻohui i kēlā ma ka liʻiliʻi pohō a liʻiliʻi, akā he nui nā mea maikaʻi ma mua o nā iʻa nui ʻē aʻe: dexterous, impetuous a dodging, kēia mau ʻano āpau i mālama pinepine i kona ola iʻa. ʻIke ʻole ka hilahila i ka nānā mua wale ʻana, a me ke aʻo ʻana i ka hana nui a kēia iʻa i ke kikoʻī, hiki iā ʻoe ke aʻo i nā mea hoihoi, ʻano ʻē a hoihoi hoʻi.
Lā paʻi: 03/08/2020
Lā hou: 12.01.2020 ma 20:45
