ʻĪlio lele - kahi māmele pohihihi loa, hui pū me ia, keu hoʻi i ka pō, ʻaʻole e waiho i kekahi mea ʻole. Uhi ʻia kona ola me nā kaʻao a me nā kaʻao he nui. Pili nā ʻōpeʻapeʻa me ka honua i waho, i nā moʻomeheu he nui, he kaulana pouli a maikaʻi ʻole ko lākou. Hoʻohuli pinepine lākou me nā ʻōpeʻapeʻa.
Ke kumu o ka laha a me ka wehewehe
Kiʻi: ʻīlio lele
ʻO nā ʻōpeʻapeʻa huaʻai Nocturnal, a i ʻole nā ʻīlio lele, he mau māmele lākou no ka ʻohana ʻōpeʻa hua a me nā ʻano Bats. ʻO nā fossil ʻōpeʻapeʻa kahiko loa i loaʻa i ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa a hoʻi mai i ka mua o Eocene - ma kahi o 50 miliona mau makahiki i hala. Hōʻike maopopo nā fossil e pili ana i ka Miocene i loko o kēia manawa he hoʻololi koʻikoʻi nā ʻōpeʻapeʻa i nā loli unidirectional ʻōnaehana i ke kaiapuni, ʻo ia hoʻi, radiation radiation. I ka moʻohelu mōʻalihaku, ʻo kēia genus ka mea liʻiliʻi loa.
Video: ʻīlio lele
Aia he 9 ʻano ʻīlio lele, a mahele ʻia i ʻekolu subgenera:
- ʻo ka ʻīlio lele ʻo ʻAigupita - ka mea kaulana loa, e noho nei i nā kolone a me ka ʻai ʻana i nā hua;
- kaulahao;
- ʻīlio lāʻau lapaʻau;
- ana ʻōpeʻapeʻa - hiki iā lākou ke hoʻopuka i nā hōʻailona ultrasonic maʻalahi loa;
- ʻĪlio lele Comorian;
- holospinal;
- Uganda;
- Madagascar - loaʻa wale ma Madagascar;
- iwi
ʻIke hoihoi: ʻIke ʻia hiki i ke ʻano o ke ana ke lawe i nā virus weliweli loa, no ka laʻana, Ebola. I ka manawa like, mālama ʻia nā ʻōpeʻapeʻa hua ʻAigupita i mau manawa e like me nā holoholona hānai ma muli o ko lākou helehelena maikaʻi. Maʻalahi lākou e hoʻomaʻamaʻa a ʻaʻohe ona ʻano pilau o nā ʻīlio lele he nui.
ʻO ka helehelena a me nā hiʻohiʻona
Kiʻi: He aha ke ʻano o ka ʻīlio lele
ʻO nā muzzles o kēia mau mea ola e like loa me ka ʻalopeke a ʻīlio paha, a ʻo ke ʻano o ka iwi poʻo kokoke i ke ʻano o ka iwi poʻo o nā primata haʻahaʻa. ʻO ka nui o ke kino o kahi ʻīlio lele e pili ana i ka laha. Hiki ke loli ka lōʻihi mai 5 a 40 cm, a me ke kaumaha mai 20 a 900 gram. ʻO ka ʻēheu o nā mea nui i hiki i 170 cm.
ʻO ka waihoʻoluʻu o nā ʻōpeʻapeʻa hua pō i ʻeleʻele pinepine, i kekahi manawa hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i kēlā me kēia me ka ʻāpana melemele a ʻōmaʻomaʻo paha o nā ʻeheu, ʻoiai me nā kiko keʻokeʻo ma luna o lākou. ʻOi aku ka mālamalama o nā kāne, a ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o nā wahine i ka nui a me ke ʻano haʻahaʻa o ke kala.
ʻO nā ʻīlio lele he ʻano maikaʻi loa o ka pilau a me ka hihiʻo. Hoʻopili wale ʻia ko lākou niho i nā mea kanu mea kanu. Uhi ʻia ka lelo o kēia mau māmela i nā papillae liʻiliʻi; i kekahi ʻano, he lōʻihi ka lōʻihi kona. Hoʻopaʻa loa nā paws o kēia mau holoholona me kahi māiʻuʻu lōʻihi, ʻo ka membrane interfemoral i ka hapanui o nā laha i kahi kūlana i hoʻomohala ʻole ʻia.
ʻO ka hapa nui o nā ʻōpeʻapeʻa hua i ka pō ʻaʻohe huelo, ʻelua wale nō mau ʻano i loaʻa iā ia, akā ua liʻiliʻi loa ia. Hoʻokahi wale nō ʻano me ka hiʻu hiwahiwa - ka ʻōpeʻapeʻa huelo lōʻihi. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka ʻōpū i nā ʻīlio lele e ʻaneʻane 4 mau manawa ka lōʻihi ma mua o ka lōʻihi o ko lākou kino. Hiki i kēia mau mea ola ke hana i nā leo ʻokoʻa, a ʻo kahi laʻana, e like paha me ka ticking o ka uaki.
Mea hoihoi: ʻAʻole like me nā ʻōpeʻapeʻa, hoʻokahi wale nō ʻano ʻōpeʻapeʻa hua e hoʻohana i ka echolocation no ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana i ka lewa.
I kēia manawa ʻike ʻoe i ke ʻano o ka ʻīlio lele. E nānā ma hea kahi e noho ai kēia Kalong.
Ma hea kahi ʻīlio lele?
Kiʻi: ʻīlio lele
Noho nā ʻōpeʻapeʻa āpau mai kēia hui i nā wahi wale nō me kahi ʻano mahana.
- ʻApelika Hema a me ʻApelika Hema;
- a pau o Australia
- Asia Hema, Oceania, ʻInia.
Loaʻa nā ʻōpeʻapeʻa hua pō i ka nui ma ka Maldives, ka hema o Iāpana, Suria, a me ka ʻaoʻao hema o ʻIrana. ʻAʻole noho ka ʻōpeʻapeʻa huaʻai Nocturnal i ka panalāʻau o Lūkia. Koho nā ʻīlio lele i nā ululāʻau, nā ana, nā hale i haʻalele ʻia a i ʻole nā ilina a me nā hale kūlohelohe ʻē aʻe no ka noho ʻana. Ma ʻAigupita, hiki ke loaʻa kēia mau holoholona i nā pyramids, labyrinths a me nā ʻāpana o ia mau wahi i lilo iā lākou i puʻuhonua hilinaʻi loa mai nā mea hōkai, nā wā maikaʻi ʻole, nā makani.
Noho pinepine nā ʻōpeʻapeʻa hua kokoke i nā māla a me nā mahiʻai. I kekahi mau wahi, ua hala ʻē kēia mau meaola, ʻoiai ke luku nei nā mea mahiʻai iā lākou i ka nui. ʻO ke kumu nui ka hoʻopuka ʻana o nā ʻīlio lele i nā ʻino o nā ʻano lāʻau huaʻai āpau ke ʻai lākou i nā hua pala ʻole.
ʻIkepili Hoihoi: ʻO ka ʻīlio lele nui loa, ʻo Kalong, noho i ʻApelika; ʻo ka nui o nā mākua i kekahi manawa ua ʻoi aku i 40 cm me ka lōʻihi o ka lōʻihi ma kahi o 22 cm. ʻAi ʻia ka ʻiʻo o kēia holoholona a manaʻo ʻia he momona a ʻono hoʻi. Hoʻopaʻa ka poʻe kamaʻāina i nā Kalongs he nui a kūʻai aku iā lākou i nā mākeke kahi e makemake nui ʻia ai lākou.
He aha ka ʻai a ka ʻīlio lele?
Kiʻi: ʻīlio lele ʻAigupita
ʻAi nui nā ʻīlio lele i nā hua a ʻaʻohe pala. Kāhea pinepine ʻia lākou he ʻiole hua. ʻAʻole hoʻowahāwahā kekahi ʻano i nā mea kolo. ʻIke kēia mau holoholona i ka meaʻai e hoʻohana ana i ka maka a me ka pilau maikaʻi loa. ʻAi mau lākou i ko lākou kūlana hoʻololi ʻole, ʻo ia hoʻi, e pili ana i lalo i kahi lālā lāʻau.
Hiki i nā ʻōpeʻapeʻa hua ke huki pono i ka lele. I kekahi manawa ʻai lākou i ka pulp a pau, inu wale ka poʻe i ka wai. Makemake ka ulu ʻōpio i ka nectar o nā pua e like me ka meaʻai, e hemo i ka pollen o nā mea kanu. Ma waho aʻe o nā huaʻai, ʻai nā holoholona ihu paipu i nā kolo. Pono nā ʻīlio lele i ka nui o ka wai i kēlā me kēia lā. Hiki iā lākou ke inu i ka wai kai paʻakai e hoʻihoʻi i ke kaulike wai-paʻakai. I ka ʻimi ʻana i kahi meaʻai a i kahi waihona wai, hiki iā lākou ke huakaʻi i 100 mau kilomita i ka lele hoʻokahi, neʻe nui lākou i ka pō.
Hoʻololi maʻalahi ka ʻīlio lele ʻAigupita i ke ola pio. Koi aku nā holoholona i kahi pā ākea no ka mea pono lākou e lele. Ma ke ʻano he rula, ʻaʻohe pilikia me ka meaʻai, ʻoiai ʻaneʻane kokoke i nā huaʻai tropical, ʻoiai nā hua pala ʻole, hemolele e like me ka meaʻai. ʻO ke komo manuahi ʻana i ka uaki i ka wai he mea nui loa ia, ke ʻole make koke kēia mau mea ola mai ka make wai.
ʻIke hoihoi: He manaʻoʻiʻo nō ko ka Scots i ka wā e hemo ai nā ʻōpeʻapeʻa o ka pō, hiki mai ka manawa o nā kilokilo. Ma ʻEnelani, ʻo ka helehelena pinepine o kēia mau holoholona pohihihi kokoke i ka hale ka mea i manaʻo ʻia he harbingers o ka make koke o kekahi o nā lālā o ka ʻohana.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano a me ka nohona
Kiʻi: ʻīlio peʻapeʻa lele
E like me ka maopopo ʻole mai ka inoa o nā laha - nā opeapea hua i ka pō, ke hana nui nei kēia mau holoholona i ka pō. I ke ao, kau lākou i luna i luna o nā lālā a nānā e like me kahi huaʻāina tropical a i ʻole ka pūpū o nā lau maloʻo. Hiamoe nā ʻīlio lele i nā hui he 100 a ʻoi paha. I ke ao, hiki iā lākou ke hūnā i nā ana, nā lua a i nā keʻena o nā hale, i nā māwae i nā pōhaku. I kekahi manawa ʻeleu nā ʻīlio lele i ke ao. ʻAʻole maʻamau ka hibernation no lākou.
ʻO nā peʻapeʻa he holoholona kaiāulu. Akoakoa lākou i loko o nā hui a hiki i hoʻokahi tausani mau holoholona mākua. He lālā kēlā me kēia kanaka o kahi ʻohana nui o nā ʻīlio lele. Mālama kēlā me kēia i kekahi i kekahi, kiaʻi a pale ʻana inā pilikia. I ka wā o ka hānai ʻana a me ka hoʻomaha o ke ao, hoʻonohonoho nā ʻōpeʻapeʻa hua i kekahi ʻano o nā kiaʻi kiaʻi e nānā i ke kūlana a hōʻike i ka hoʻoweliweli me nā leo nui e like me ke kani ʻana.
ʻAʻole lākou i hele e ʻimi i ka meaʻai ma ke ʻano he hipa holoʻokoʻa, akā kikoo i ka laina lōʻihi. Ua ʻike ʻia inā ʻaʻole e hoʻopilikia ʻia ka pūʻulu ʻōpeʻapeʻa hua pō, a laila hiki iā lākou ke noho ma kahi hoʻokahi no nā makahiki he nui, e waiho wale ana no ka hānai ʻana.
ʻOiaʻiʻo: i loko o kahi hale manu a i ʻole ma ka home, hiki i kahi ʻōpeʻapeʻa hua pō ke ola i 20 mau makahiki a ʻoi paha. I ko lākou nohona kūlohelohe, noho lākou i ka liʻiliʻi, pinepine pinepine ʻaʻole ma mua o 5-8 mau makahiki.
ʻO ke kūkulu kaiāulu a me ka hana hou
Kiʻi: ʻīlio lele i ka lele
No hoʻokahi makahiki, lawe mai nā ʻīlio wahine he hoʻokahi cub i kēlā me kēia. Hana ʻia kēia ma ka hopena o Malaki a i ʻole ʻApelila mua. Hāpai ka wahine i ka hua no 145-190 mau lā. Me ka kumakaia ʻole ʻana i kā lākou kuʻuna, hānau hānau nā ʻīlio lele, e kau ana i luna i luna o kahi lāʻau. I ka manawa like, pani ka holoholona i kona mau ʻeheu, e hana ana i kahi ʻano moʻo no kahi hānau hou. Ke hāʻule nei i nā ʻeheu, kolo koke ke keiki i ka umauma o ka makuahine a pili koke i ka piko.
Ma hope o ka hānau ʻana, noho mau ka peʻapeʻa hua liʻiliʻi me kona makuahine no kekahi mau lā a halihali ʻo ia iā ia, a laila hoʻomaka hoʻomaka e waiho iā ia ma ka lālā o kahi kumulāʻau ke hele ʻo ia e hānai. Hānau ʻia nā keiki o nā ʻīlio lele, ua uhi paʻa ʻia ko lākou kino i ka huluhulu. ʻAi lākou i ka waiū a hiki i 3 mau mahina. Kūʻokoʻa kūʻokoʻa nā holoholona ʻōpio ma hope o 2-3 mau mahina, ke aʻo lākou e lele maikaʻi a hoʻonohonoho iā lākou iho i ka lewa.
Ua ʻona ʻia nā ʻōpio makua me ka wahine e alualu, lilo i hana nui, launa pū me nā lālā ʻē aʻe o ka ʻohana nui. No laila i ka wā o ka hopu holoholona ʻana a me nā lele ʻana, ʻaʻole e hele hewa ke keiki a nalowale, hāʻawi ka wahine iā ia i nā hōʻailona e hoʻohana ana i ka ultrasound. ʻO nā ʻōpeʻapeʻa hua i ka pō i oʻo i ka moekolohe ma kahi o ʻeiwa mau makahiki o ka makahiki.
ʻEnemi kūlohelohe o nā ʻōpeʻapeʻa
Kiʻi: He aha ke ʻano o ka ʻīlio lele
ʻAʻole nui nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe i nā ʻīlio lele, ʻo ka pinepine pinepine he manu lele lākou. Hoʻonāukiuki pinepine ʻia lākou e nā ticks like ʻole a me nā mites omo koko. Ma muli o kēia hiki i nā ʻōpeʻapeʻa o ka pō ke lilo i poʻe lawe i nā maʻi koʻikoʻi e weliweli i nā kānaka. Inā noho nā holoholona i ke kūlanakauhale, a laila hiki i nā pōpoki a me nā ʻīlio ke hoʻouka iā lākou.
ʻO ka helu o kēia mau māmela maʻamau, keu hoʻi i nā ʻāina ʻApelika, e hoʻoliʻiliʻi mau ana i nā waiwai koʻikoʻi ma muli o nā hana a ke kanaka.
- luku ʻia ka nui o nā kānaka e nā mahiʻai ma muli o ka hoʻouka pinepine ʻana i nā hui nunui ma nā māla me nā hua pāhihi.
- i waena o kekahi mau lāhui, ʻo ka ʻiʻo o kēia holoholona i manaʻo ʻia he ʻono loa, momona a hoʻohana nui ʻia no ka meaʻai;
- Hoʻopilikia maikaʻi ʻole ka lāʻau kemika o ka ʻāina mahiʻai i ka helu o nā ʻōpeʻapeʻa hua pō, no ka mea he hua a me ka nectar kā lākouʻai maʻamau.
Ma hope o ka laha ʻana o ka maʻi Ebola, ua hoʻolaha nā kamaʻāina o nā wahi he nui ma Gabon, Kongo a me nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe o ʻApelika i ka huli holoholona no kēia mau mea pō, e luku ana iā lākou i nā haneli.
ʻOiaʻiʻo: ʻoiai ka pōʻino nui i hiki i ka ʻāpana o nā opeapea hua ke hoʻoulu i nā mea kanu lāʻau hua, nā māla i loko o kahi manawa pōkole, hāʻawi lākou i ka pollination pono o nā mea kanu like ʻole a me ka hoʻololi ʻana o kā lākou mau hua. Luku kekahi ʻano laha i nā pepeke hōʻino.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
Kiʻi: Nā ʻīlio lele
I kekahi manawa i hala aku nei, ua hoʻoweliweli ʻia ka heluna kanaka o kekahi mau ʻano ʻīlio lele. ʻO ke kumu nui ka hana a ke kanaka, ʻoi aku, ma muli o ka ulu ʻana o nā kūlanakauhale no ka hiamoe o ke ao o kēia mau mea pō, he nui a heʻuʻuku hoʻi nā wahi kaʻawale. ʻOiai ʻo ka nui o nā ʻōpeʻapeʻa hua i ka pō i hoʻihoʻi hou ʻia a ʻaʻole hoʻoweliweli ʻia ka laha i ka luku loa, hopohopo nā ʻāina he nui no kona wā e hiki mai ana a ke hana nei lākou i nā hana pale e pili ana i ke kākoʻo ʻana a me ka mālama ʻana i ka ʻōpeʻapeʻa hua.
I ka like, ke hana maʻalahi ʻia nei kēia mau mea ola. Hoʻomaʻamaʻa koke nā ʻōpeʻapeʻa pō i nā kānaka, kūpaʻa loa i ka mea nona, hiki ke hoʻopaʻanaʻau a hoʻokō i nā kauoha maʻalahi loa. I kekahi mau ʻāina, ua hoʻolauna ʻia ka pāpā ma ka hopu ʻana i nā ʻīlio lele no ka hoʻohana hou ʻana ma ke ʻano he meaʻai, akā ʻoiai he mau mokuʻāina nui kēia me kahi pae haʻahaʻa o ka nohona, pinepine pinepine ʻia nā pāpā.
ʻOiaʻiʻo hoihoi: ʻO ka pinepine, he ʻīlio lele a me kahi ʻalopeke lele i manaʻo ʻia he ʻelele o ka genus like, akā he kuhi hewa kēia. ʻOiai ka helu kupaianaha o nā hiʻohiʻona maʻamau i ka helehelena, ka hana a me ke ʻano o nā lālā, a me ka nele o ka echolocation i hoʻomohala ʻia, he lālā kēia o nā holoholona o nā genera like ʻole. Hiki i ka hoʻokalakupua genetika ke hana i kahi kaʻawale pololei.
ʻOiai ka nui o nā kaʻao, ʻīlio lele ʻaʻohe ona mana mystical, ʻo ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, he mea ola maikaʻi ʻole ia me kahi ʻano makuahine i hoʻomohala ʻia. Kūleʻa pinepine lākou me nā ʻōpeʻapeʻa, ʻoiai inā ʻoe e nānā pono iā lākou, nani lākou ke nānā aku.
Lā hoʻopuka: 05.11.
Lā hou: 03.09.2019 ma 21:33
