ʻO Saker Falcon - kahi ʻano nui o falcon. He manu nui a ikaika o nā mea pio me nā wāwae nui a me nā ʻeheu kihi. Ua ʻoi aku kona nui ma mua o kahi falcon peregrine, akā ua liʻiliʻi iki ma mua o kahi gyrfalcon a he ākea ākea kona e pili ana i kona nui. ʻO Saker Falcons he laulā o nā kala mai ka brown brown i ka hina a ʻaneʻane keʻokeʻo. He falcon lokomaikaʻi kēia e hoʻomaʻamaʻa koke i ka hui o nā poʻe a haku i ka mākau ʻimi hopu holoholona. Hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike hou aʻe e pili ana i nā pilikia o kēia laha kupaianaha, kona nohona, nā nohona, nā pilikia o ka make ʻana i kēia paʻi ʻana.
Ke kumu o ka laha a me ka wehewehe
Kiʻi: Saker Falcon
I ka wā o kona ola ʻana, ua hoʻokau ʻia kēia ʻano i ka hybridization unrainrained a me ka pau ʻole o ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i nā laina, kahi e hoʻopilikia loa ai i ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana o ka ʻikepili DNA. ʻAʻole hiki ke manaʻolana ʻo nā noiʻi mole me kahi liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi e hōʻike i nā hopena ikaika ma waena o ka hui holoʻokoʻa. ʻO ka pāhawewe o nā ʻano ola like ʻole o nā kūpuna o Saker Falcons, kahi i kū i ka wā interglacial i ka hoʻomaka o ka hopena o Pleistocene, paʻakikī loa.
Video: Saker Falcon
ʻO Saker Falcon kahi moʻokūʻauhau i pālahalaha aʻe mai ka ʻākau hikina o ʻApelika a hohonu i ka hema hikina o ʻEulopa a me ʻAsia ma o ka hikina hikina o ka ʻāina. I ka hoʻopaʻa pio ʻana, hiki i ka falcon Mediteranea a me Saker Falcon ke hoʻopili aku, a me ka hybridization me kahi gyrfalcon hiki. ʻO ka inoa maʻamau ʻo Saker Falcon mai ka ʻōlelo ʻAlapia a ʻo ia hoʻi "falcon".
Mea hoihoi: ʻO ka Saker Falcon kahi manu moʻomeheu Hungarian a me ka manu aupuni o Hungary. I ka 2012, ua koho ʻia ʻo Saker Falcon ma ke ʻano he manu manuʻāina ʻo Mongolia.
ʻO Saker Falcons ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻākau hikina o ka pali ma nā kuahiwi ʻo Altai ka nui iki, ʻoi aku ka pouli a ʻike ʻia i nā ʻaoʻao haʻahaʻa ma mua o nā lāhui ʻē aʻe. Ua kapa ʻia ʻo Altai falcon, ua noʻonoʻo ʻia lākou i ka wā ma mua ma ke ʻano he ʻāpana ʻokoʻa o "Falco altaicus" a i ʻole ma ke ʻano he hybrid ma waena o Saker Falcon a me Gyrfalcon, akā ke hōʻike nei nā noiʻi o kēia manawa he ʻano Saker Falcon paha ia.
ʻO ka helehelena a me nā hiʻohiʻona
Kiʻi: He aha ke ʻano o Saker Falcon
ʻOi aku ka liʻiliʻi o Saker Falcon ma mua o Gyrfalcon. Hōʻike kēia mau manu i nā ʻano like ʻole i ke kala a me ka lauana, e kū ana mai kahi waihoʻoluʻu kokoleka kūlike ʻole i kahi kumu momona a molo paha me nā kaha brown a i ʻole nā uaua. He keʻokeʻo a keʻokeʻo paha nā Balabans ma nā kiko o loko o ka hulu o ka huelo. No ka mea maʻa mau ka waihoʻoluʻu ma lalo o ka ʻēheu, he helehelena translucent ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia i nā armpits ʻeleʻele a me nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo hulu.
ʻOi aku ka nui o Saker Falcons o ka wahine ma mua o nā kāne a kaupaona maʻamau mai 970 a 1300 g, he awelika ka lōʻihi o 55 cm, kahi eheu o 120 a 130 cm. ʻOi aku ka liʻiliʻi o nā kāne a kau ʻia mai 780 a 1090 g, ma ka awelika he lōʻihi ma kahi o 45 cm, kahi ʻēheu mai 100 a 110 knm. Loaʻa i ka laha ke ʻano "antennae" ma ke ʻano o nā kaha ʻeleʻele i nā ʻaoʻao o ke poʻo. Ma hope o ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i ka makahiki ʻelua o ke ola, nā ʻeheu, hoʻi a me ka huelo luna o ka manu e loaʻa i kahi keleʻele hina. Huli melemele nā wāwae polū.
ʻOiaʻiʻo hoihoi: ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona a me nā kala o ka Saker Falcon e loli nui ma waena o kāna ʻano o ka mahele. Noho mau nā lāhui ʻEulopa i nā kūlana hānai maikaʻi i ka wahi hānau, inā ʻaʻole lākou e neʻe i ka hikina hikina a i ʻole ka hema a hiki i East Africa.
ʻO nā ʻēheu o Balaban he lōʻihi, ākea a kihi, ʻeleʻele eleele ma luna, kikoʻī a ʻōniʻoniʻo. ʻO ka piko o ka huelo he brown brown. ʻO ka hiʻohiʻona hiʻohiʻona kahi poʻo momona-kala kukui. Ma Central Europe maʻalahi ka ʻike ʻana i kēia laha e kāna mau ʻāpana ornithological, ma nā wahi i loaʻa ai ka falcon Mediterranean (F. biarmicus feldeggi), aia kahi mana nui no ka huikau.
Ma hea e noho ai ka Saker Falcon?
Kiʻi: Saker Falcon i Lūkia
Loaʻa ʻo Balabans (i kapa ʻia ʻo "Saker Falcons") ma ka wao akua a me nā ululāʻau mai ʻEulopa Hema a i Central Asia, kahi o lākou ka "falcon wao akua" nui. Hele nā Balabans i nā ʻākau o ka ʻaoʻao hema o ʻAsia a me nā ʻāpana o ʻApelika no ka hoʻoilo. I kēia mau lā, ua hoʻāʻo ʻia nā hānau balabans ma ke komohana a hiki i Kelemania. ʻIke ʻia kēia ʻano i kahi ākea ma nā wahi ʻo Palaearctic mai ʻEulopa Hikina a i ke komohana o Kina.
Hāpai lākou i:
- Lepupalika Czech;
- Alemenia;
- Makekonia;
- Lukia;
- Aukekulia;
- Pulukalia;
- Serebia;
- Ilaka;
- Koloatia;
- Keokia;
- Hunakalia;
- Molodowa.
ʻO nā lunamaka o nā laha e kau pinepine a lele paha i:
- Ikalia;
- Malata;
- Sudana;
- i Kupero;
- Iseraela;
- Aikupita;
- Ioredāne;
- Libia;
- Tinisia;
- Kenia;
- Aikiopa.
I nā helu liʻiliʻi, hiki i kēlā me kēia mea ʻauana i nā ʻāina ʻē he nui. Noho ka heluna kanaka o ka honua i kumuhana o ka hoʻopaʻa. Mālama ʻo Saker Falcons i nā kumulāʻau 15-20 mau mika ma luna o ka honua, i nā pāka a me nā ulu ākea ma ka lihi o ka laina lāʻau. ʻAʻohe mea i ʻike i kahi balaban e kūkulu nei i kāna pūnana ponoʻī. Noho maʻamau lākou i nā pūnana i haʻalele ʻia o nā ʻano manu ʻē aʻe, a i kekahi manawa hoʻi hoʻoneʻe i nā mea nona a noho i nā pūnana. ʻIke ʻia ma nā wahi hiki ʻole ke kiʻi ʻia i kā lākou pae, hoʻohana ʻo Saker Falcons i nā pūnana ma nā pali pōhaku.
He aha ka ʻai a ka balaban?
Kiʻi: Saker Falcon i ka lele
E like me nā falcon ʻē aʻe, he māiʻu, wili ʻia nā balabans i hoʻohana mua ʻia no ka hopu ʻana i ka mea pio. Hoʻohana lākou i ko lākou ikaika, lālau i ka nuku e ʻoki i ka iwi kuamoʻo o ka mea i hōʻeha ʻia. I ka wā hānau, nā mamamals liʻiliʻi e like me gophers, hamsters, jerboas, gerbils, hares a me nā pikas hiki ke hana i 60 a 90% o kaʻai a Saker.
I nā hihia ʻē aʻe, hiki i nā manu noho honua e like me ka salu, ka ʻūlū hazel, nā pheasant a me nā manu lewa ʻē aʻe e like me nā pēpē, nā heona a me nā manu manu ʻio ʻio (pueo, kestrels, a pēlā aku.) i nā wahi ulu lāʻau hou aʻe. Hiki iā Saker Falcons ke ʻai i nā moʻo nui.
ʻO kaʻai nui a Balaban:
- manu;
- nā mea kolo;
- nā māmela;
- poʻe amphibians;
- nā mea kolo.
Hoʻololi kino ʻo Saker Falcon e alualu i kahi kokoke i ka honua ma nā wahi ākea, e hui pū ana me ka wikiwiki me ka maneuverability kiʻekiʻe a no laila loea i nā rodent medium. Huhū ʻo ia i nā lau nahele e like me ka wao akua, kahi waoakua, steppes, mahiʻai a me nā wahi mauna mauna ʻole.
I kekahi mau wahi, keu hoʻi ma kahi kokoke i ka wai a ma nā wahi kaona, hoʻololi ke balaban i nā manu ma ke ʻano he pio nui. A i kekahi mau ʻāpana o ʻEulopa, ʻimi ʻo ia i nā nūnū a me nā koʻokoʻo home. Huli ka manu i nā mea pio ma nā wahi ākea, e nānā ana i nā mea pio mai nā pōhaku a me nā kumulāʻau. Lawe ka balaban i kāna hoʻouka kaua i ka lele ākea, a ʻaʻole hāʻule i ka mea i hōʻino ʻia mai ka lewa, e like me kona mau hoahānau ʻē aʻe.
I kēia manawa ʻike ʻoe pehea e hānai ai i ka Saker Falcon. E nānā pehea e ola ai kahi falcon i ka nāhelehele.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano a me ka nohona
Kiʻi: ʻo Saker Falcon manu
ʻIke ʻia ʻo Balaban i nā steppes ululāʻau, nā wao akua, nā wahi ākea, a me nā wahi maloʻo ʻē aʻe me nā kumulāʻau, nā pōhaku, a me nā kākoʻo uila, i kokoke loa i ka wai. Hiki ke ʻike ʻia ma luna o ka pōhaku a i ʻole ka lāʻau kiʻekiʻe, kahi e hiki ai iā ʻoe ke nānā maʻalahi i ka ʻāina a puni no ka mea ʻai.
He hapa malihini ʻo Balaban. ʻO nā manu mai ka ʻĀkau o ka hānau hānau neʻe ikaika, akā ʻo nā manu e pili ana i nā heluna hema he noho wale inā lawa kahi waihona meaʻai. ʻO nā manu i ka hoʻoilo ma ke kahakai o ke Kaiʻula ma Saudi Arabia, Sudan, a me Kenya e hānau nui nei ma ke komohana o nā pae mauna nui o Central Asia. Loaʻa ka neʻe ʻana o Saker Falcons mai ka waena o Kepakemapa a Nowemapa, a ʻo ka piko o ka neʻe ʻana mai i ka waena o Pepeluali-ʻApelila, ua hōʻea nā mea hope loa i ka hopena o Mei.
ʻOiaʻiʻo hoihoi: ʻO Hunting me kahi Saker Falcon kahi ʻano kaulana loa o ka falconry, kahi mea haʻahaʻa ʻole i ka pīhoihoi i ka ʻimi holoholona ʻana me kahi ʻie. Pili paʻa nā manu i ka mea nona, no laila mahalo nui ʻia lākou e ka poʻe ʻimi holoholona.
ʻAʻole ʻo Saker Falcons nā manu kaiapili. Makemake lākou ʻaʻole e hoʻonohonoho i ko lākou pūnana ma kahi o nā paʻa pūnana ʻē aʻe. Minamina, ma muli o ka luku ʻia o ko lākou wahi noho, ua koi ʻia ʻo Saker Falcons e pūnana kokoke kekahi i kekahi, ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o ka wā ma mua. I nā wahi me nā meaʻai nui, ʻo Saker Falcons pinepine ka pūnana i kahi kokoke. Aia ka mamao ma waena o nā pālua mai ʻekolu a ʻehā mau pā ma kēlā me kēia 0.5 km² i nā pālua ma kahi o 10 km a ʻoi paha ma nā wahi mauna a me nā steppes. ʻO ka wā waena he pālua ia ma kēlā me kēia 4-5.5 km.
ʻO ke kūkulu kaiāulu a me ka hana hou
Kiʻi: Saker Falcon
No ka hoʻowalewale ʻana i ka wahine, ke komo pū nā kāne i nā hōʻike kupaianaha i ka lewa, e like me nā lālā ʻē aʻe o ka ʻaoʻao falcon. Piʻi ke kāne Saker Falcons ma luna o kā lākou mau panalāʻau, e kani leo nui ana. Hoʻopau lākou i kā lākou huakaʻi hōʻikeʻike ma ke pae ʻana kokoke i kahi pūnaewele kūpono kūpono. I nā hālāwai hou aku me kahi hoa a mea hoa ʻē aʻe paha, kūlou ʻo Saker Falcons i kekahi i kekahi.
Hānai pinepine nā kāne i nā wahine i ka wā o ka pūnana. ʻOiai e hoʻāʻo ana i kahi hoa pili, e lele a kāne ke kāne me ke kau ʻana i kāna mea mai kona mau māiʻuʻu, a i ʻole e lawe iā ia i ka wahine i ka hoʻāʻo ʻana e hōʻike he meaʻai maikaʻi ʻo ia. I loko o kahi brood aia mai 2 a 6 mau hua, akā maʻamau ka helu o lākou mai 3 a 5. Ma hope o ka hoʻomoe ʻia ʻana o ka hua ʻekolu, hoʻomaka ka hoʻouluulu ʻana, mai 32 a 36 mau lā. Ma ka laulā, e like me ka hapa nui o nā falcons, ulu wikiwiki nā keiki a nā keikikāne ma mua o nā kaikamahine.
Mea hoihoi: Uhi ʻia nā keiki ʻōpio me lalo a hānau ʻia me ka maka o nā maka, akā wehe lākou iā lākou ma hope o kekahi mau lā. ʻElua a lākou molts i mua o ka hiki ʻana i ka plumage makua. Hana ʻia kēia i ka hala ʻana o ka makahiki o lākou i ka liʻiliʻi.
Hiki i nā wahine ke oʻo moekolohe ma kahi o hoʻokahi makahiki ma mua o nā kāne. Hoʻomaka e lele ʻo Chicks i ka makahiki 45 a 50 mau lā, akā e noho mau i ka pūnana no nā lā he 30-45, a ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o kekahi manawa. Inā nui a kūloko kahi meaʻai, hiki i nā keiki ke noho pū no kekahi manawa.
ʻOiai i loko o ka pūnana, ʻūlū nā moa e hoʻohuli i ka manaʻo o ko lākou mau mākua inā he kaʻawale, anuanu, a pōloli paha. Eia hou, hiki i nā wahine ke hana i kahi leo "breakaway" palupalu e paipai i kā lākou pēpē e wehe i ko lākou nuku e loaʻa ka meaʻai. Ke hānai maikaʻi ʻia kahi puaʻa, hele maikaʻi nā moa ma mua o ka brood me ka nele o ka meaʻai. I loko o kahi puʻu puʻuwai puʻuwai, puʻunaue nā moa i ka meaʻai a ʻimi pū kekahi i kekahi ke hoʻomaka lākou e lele. I ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana, ke kakaʻikahi ka meaʻai, kiaʻi nā moa i kā lākou meaʻai mai kekahi i kekahi a hoʻāʻo paha e ʻaihue i nā meaʻai mai ko lākou mau mākua.
ʻEnemi kūlohelohe ʻo Balaban
Kiʻi: Saker Falcon i ka hoʻoilo
ʻAʻohe mea ʻike ʻia ʻo Saker Falcons i nā holoholona ʻē aʻe ma mua o nā kānaka. Kūleʻa loa kēia mau manu. ʻO kekahi o nā kumu i mahalo nui ʻia ai lākou e nā falconers ka mea i kūpaʻa loa i ka hoʻoholo ʻana e koho i kahi mea i hōʻino ʻia. Ke ukali nei ʻo Balaban i kāna mea pio, ʻoiai i loko o nā ulu lāʻau.
I ka wā ma mua, hoʻohana ʻia lākou e hoʻouka i nā pāʻani nui e like me ka gazela. Alualu ka manu i ka mea i pepehi ʻia a hiki i ka make ʻana o ua holoholona nei. Hoʻomanawanui ʻo Saker Falcons, he poʻe ʻimi ʻoluʻolu ʻole. Lele lākou i ka lewa a noho paha ma kā lākou perches no nā hola, e nānā nei i ka mea pio a hoʻopaʻa i ka wahi kikoʻī o kā lākou pahu hopu. ʻAneʻane mau ka wahine i nā kāne. I kekahi manawa hoʻāʻo lākou e ʻaihue i ka waiwai pio o kekahi.
Pilikia kēia ʻano:
- haʻalulu uila ma nā laina uila;
- hoʻemi i ka loaʻa o ka unuhi ma muli o ka nalo a me ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa o nā steppe a me nā wahi maloʻo ma muli o ka hoʻonui ʻana o ka mahiʻai, ka hana ʻana i nā mea kanu
- he hoʻemi i ke kiʻekiʻe o ka mālama hipa, a ʻo ka hopena o ka hōʻemi ʻana o ka nui o nā manu liʻiliʻi;
- e hei ana no ka falconry, kahi e kumu ai ka nalowale ʻana o ka lehulehu o nā lehulehu;
- hoʻohana i nā pesticides e alakaʻi ana i ka lāʻau make lua.
ʻO ka helu o Saker Falcons i hopu ʻia i kēlā me kēia makahiki he 6 825 8 400 mau manu. ʻO kēia mau mea, ʻo ka hapanui (77%) he wahine ʻōpio, a ukali ʻia e 19% o nā wahine makua, 3% o nā kāne ʻōpio a me 1% o nā kāne makua, e hana ana i kahi bias koʻikoʻi i ka heluna hihiu.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
Kiʻi: He aha ke ʻano o Saker Falcon
Ua alakaʻi ʻia ka ʻikepili o nā ʻike i loaʻa i ka heluna heluna kanaka he 17,400 a 28,800 i nā pā hānau hānai, me nā helu kiʻekiʻe loa ma Kina (3000-7000 pālua), Kazakhstan (4.808-5.628 pālua), Mongolia (2792-6980 pālua) a me Rūsia (5700- 7300 pālua). Kuhi ʻia ka heluna nui o ʻEulopa ma 350-500 pālua, i like ia me 710-990 mau mākua makua. Ke piʻi nei ka nui o ka heluna kanaka ma ʻEulopa a ma Mongolia paha i kēia manawa, akā ua loiloi ʻia ke ʻano nohona kanaka he maikaʻi ʻole.
Inā mākou e kuhi he 6.4 mau makahiki ka hanauna, a ua hoʻomaka ka heluna o kēia ʻano e hāʻule (ma ka liʻiliʻi ma kekahi mau wahi) ma mua o nā makahiki 1990, ʻo ka nui o ka heluna kanaka ma kahi o 19 mau makahiki 1993-2012 e like me ka emi ʻana o 47%. (e like me ka awelika manaʻo) me ka hoʻemi haʻahaʻa palena iki o 2-75% i kēlā me kēia makahiki. Hāʻawi ʻia i ka kānalua ʻole e pili ana i ka nui o nā koho i hoʻohana ʻia, hōʻike ʻia ka ʻike mua e hōʻemi ana kēia ʻano ma kahi o 50% ma luna o ʻekolu hanauna.
ʻOiaʻiʻo hoihoi: ʻO Saker Falconers, ma muli o kā lākou nui nui, makemake ʻia e falconers, kahi e alakaʻi ai i ke kaulike ʻole o ke kāne i waena o nā lāhui hihiu. I ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ma kahi o 90% o ka ʻaneʻane 2,000 falcon i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i kēlā me kēia makahiki i ka wā o kā lākou neʻe hāʻule he wahine.
He kānalua kēia mau helu no ka hopu ʻia ʻana o kekahi mau Saker Falcons a lawe hewa ʻia i ke kānāwai, no laila ʻaʻole hiki ke ʻike i ka helu maoli o Saker Falcons e ʻohiʻohi ʻia ana i ka nāhelehele i kēlā me kēia makahiki. Maʻalahi ke hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻo Chicks, no laila ʻo ka hapa nui o Saker Falcons i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma kahi o hoʻokahi makahiki. Hoʻohui, hoʻokuʻu ka hapa nui o nā falconers i kā lākou mau holoholona hānai no ka mea paʻakikī lākou e mālama i nā mahina kau wela a he nui nā manu i hoʻomaʻamaʻa e holo.
Saker Falcons
Kiʻi: Saker Falcon mai ka Red Book
He ʻano pale ia i helu ʻia i loko o ka Red Data Book o nā mokuʻāina he nui, keu hoʻi ma nā ʻaoʻao komohana. Ua helu ʻia ka manu ma Appendices I a me II o ka CMS (a hiki i Nowemapa 2011, me ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻole i ka lehulehu Mongolian) a me ka Appendix II o CITES, a i ka makahiki 2002 ua kau aku ʻo CITES i kahi pāpā kalepa ma UAE, kahi i hoʻopilikia loa i ka mākeke i hoʻoponopono ʻole ʻia ma laila. Hana ʻia kēia i nā wahi pale i loko o ka pae manu.
Ua alakaʻi ka hoʻohui ikaika ʻana i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo ke ulu mau nei ka heluna kanaka o Hungary. Ua hoʻolauna ʻia nā mana kālepa kū ʻole i nā ʻāina komohana like ʻole i nā makahiki 1990. Ua ulu ikaika ka hānau ʻana Captive i kekahi mau ʻāina, e pili pū ana me ka UAE, ma ke ʻano he kūapo i nā manu hānai hihiu. Ua hoʻokumu ʻia nā lāʻau lapaʻau e hoʻomaikaʻi i ke ola a me ka loaʻa ʻana o nā manu i loaʻa i nā nāhelehele hihiu ma nā ʻāina Kālā like ʻole.
Mea hoihoi: Ua kūkulu ʻia nā pūnana hana ʻino ma kekahi mau wahi, a ma Mongolia nō hoʻi, ua hoʻomaka kahi hana e kūkulu i nā pūnana hana 5,000 i kālā ʻia e ka Abu Dhabi Environmental Protection Agency, i manaʻo ʻia e hoʻolako i nā pūnaewele pūnana a hiki i 500 pālua. ʻO kēia papahana ma Mongolia ka hopena o ka hatching o 2,000 mau moa i ka 2013.
ʻO Saker Falcon He mea ʻaihue nui ia o nā māmele liʻiliʻi a me nā manu waena. Ua hoʻolālā ʻia kahi hoʻolālā hana honua no Saker Falcon i ka 2014. ʻO nā hana mālama mālama i loko o ʻEulopa ka hopena o nā hanana kaiāulu maikaʻi. Ua hoʻomaka nā papahana noiʻi hou i nā ʻāpana he nui o ka laulā e hoʻokumu i ka ʻikepili o ka laina ma ka hāʻawi, ka heluna kanaka, ke kaiaola a me nā hoʻoweliweli. ʻO kahi laʻana, nānā ʻia nā poʻe e ka ukali e ʻike i ka neʻe a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā wahi hānau.
Lā paʻi: 10/26/2019
Lā hou: 11.11.2019 ma 11:59
