Takahe (Porphyrio hochstetteri) he manu lele ʻole, he ʻōiwi no New Zealand, no ka ʻohana kahu hipa. Ua manaʻo ʻia ua lilo i make ma hope o ka lawe ʻia ʻana o nā ʻehā hope loa i 1898. Eia nō naʻe, ma hope o ka ʻimi pono ʻana, ua ʻike hou ʻia ka manu ma kahi o Lake Te Anau, South Island ma 1948. ʻO ka inoa o ka manu mai ka huaʻōlelo takahi, ʻo ia hoʻi ka hehi ʻana a hehi wāwae ʻana paha. Kaulana ka poʻe Takahe e ka lāhui Maori, kahi huakaʻi hele lōʻihi e ʻimi ai iā lākou.
Ke kumu o ka laha a me ka wehewehe
Kiʻi: Takahe
I ka makahiki 1849, ua hui ka hui o nā mea ʻimi holoholona sila ma Duski Bay i kahi manu nui a lākou i hopu ai a laila ʻai lākou. Ua launa wale ʻo Walter Mantell i ka poʻe hahai holoholona a ua lawe wale i ka ʻili manu. Ua hoʻouna aku ʻo ia i kona makuakāne, ka paleontologist ʻo Gideon Mantell, a ua ʻike ʻo ia ʻo ka Notornis ("manu hema"), kahi manu ola i ʻike wale ʻia no nā iwi mōʻalihaku i manaʻo ʻia he make ma mua. Ua hōʻike ʻo ia i kope i ka makahiki 1850 ma ka hālāwai o ka Zoological Society of London.
Video: Takahe
I ke kenekulia 19, ua ʻike he mau kānaka ʻEulopa wale nō i ka takaha. Ua hopu ʻia kekahi hiʻohiʻona ma kahi kokoke i Lake Te Anau i ka makahiki 1879 a ua kūʻai ʻia ʻia e ka Hale Hōʻikeʻike Mokuʻāina ma Kelemania. Ua luku ʻia i ka wā o ka pōkā o Dresden i ke Kaua Honua II. I ka 1898, ua hopu ʻia ka lua o kahi kanaka e kahi ʻīlio i kapa ʻia ʻo Rough, na Jack Ross ia. Ua hoʻāʻo ʻo Ross e hoʻopakele i ka wahine ʻeha, akā ua make ʻo ia. Ua kūʻai ʻia kēia hiʻohiʻona e ke aupuni Nūhōlani a ke hōʻike ʻia nei. No nā makahiki he nui wale ia ka hōʻike ma nā wahi āpau o ka honua.
ʻOiaʻiʻo hoihoi: Ma hope o 1898, ua hoʻomau ʻia nā hōʻike o nā manu nui uliuli-ʻōmaʻomaʻo. ʻAʻole hiki ke hōʻoia ʻia nā mea i ʻike ʻia, no laila ua manaʻo ʻia ua pau ka takahe.
Ua kāhāhā hou ʻia ka takahe ola i ka Murchison Mountains ma Nowemapa 20, 1948. Ua kiʻi ʻia ʻelua mau takahe akā ua hoʻihoʻi ʻia i ka nahelehele ma hope o ke kiʻi ʻia ʻana o nā kiʻi o ka manu i ʻike hou ʻia. Ua hōʻike hou ʻia nā noiʻi moʻokalaleo hou o ka noho ʻana a me ka takahe make ʻana he mau ʻano kaʻawale nā manu o ka ʻĀkau ʻAkau a me ka Hema.
ʻO ka ʻohana o ka North Island (P. mantelli) i ʻike ʻia e ka Maori ma ke ʻano he mōho. Pau ʻole ia a ʻike wale ʻia mai nā koena iwi a hoʻokahi mea hiki ke hana ʻia. Ua ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o ka Mōho a lahilahi hoʻi ma mua o ka takahē, a he kūpuna maʻamau ko lākou. E iho mai ka mokupuni ʻo Takahe Hema mai kahi kūʻauhau ʻokoʻa a kū i kahi komo ʻokoʻa a komo mua i loko o New Zealand mai ʻApelika.
ʻO ka helehelena a me nā hiʻohiʻona
Kiʻi: He aha ke ʻano o ka takahe
ʻO Takahe ka lālā ola nui loa o ka ʻohana Rallidae. ʻO kona lōʻihi ka lōʻihi ma ka awelika 63 cm, a me ka awelika o ke kaupaona ma kahi o 2.7 kg i nā kāne a me 2.3 kg i nā wahine ma ke kaha o 1.8-4.2 kg. Aia ma kahi o 50 cm ke kiʻekiʻe. He manu ulu, mana me nā wāwae ikaika pōkole a me ka nuku nui hiki ke hana me ka ʻole i kahi nahu ʻeha. He mea lele ʻole ia nona nā ʻeheu liʻiliʻi i hoʻohana ʻia i kekahi manawa e kōkua i ka manu e piʻi i luna i nā pali.
ʻO ka takahe plumage, nuku a me nā wāwae e hōʻike ana i nā kala maʻamau o ka gallinula. ʻO ka plumage o kahi takahe makua he silky, iridescent, he uliuli ka hapanui ma ke poʻo, ka ʻāʻī, nā ʻēheu o waho a me ka ʻaoʻao haʻahaʻa. ʻO ka peʻa hope a me loko e ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻōmaʻomaʻo a ʻōmaʻomaʻo i ke kala, a ʻo ke kala i ka huelo e lilo i ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻoliva. He pale ʻulaʻula ʻulaʻula nā manu i mua a me nā "nuku carmine i ʻokiʻoki ʻia me nā aka ʻulaʻula." ʻO kā lākou mau wāwae he ʻulaʻula ʻulaʻula.
ʻAno like nā papahele me kekahi. Liʻiliʻi iki ka wahine. Uhi ʻia nā chicks me ka uliuli uliuli i ʻeleʻele i lalo i ka hatching a nui nā wāwae ʻeleʻele. Akā loaʻa koke iā lākou ke kala o nā mākua. Aia kahi takahe ʻōlohelohe i kahi ʻōuli o ke kala o nā mākua, me ka nuku ʻeleʻele e ʻulaʻula i ko lākou oʻo ʻana. ʻAʻole hiki ke ʻike ʻia ka dimorphism moekolohe, ʻoiai ʻo nā kāne ma ka awelika nui aku i ka kaumaha.
I kēia manawa ʻike ʻoe i ke ʻano o ka takahe. E nānā kāua i kahi e noho ai kēia manu.
Ma hea e noho ai ka takahe?
Kiʻi: Manu ʻo Takahe
ʻO Porphyrio hochstetteri kahi hopena i Aotearoa. Hōʻike nā fossil i ka pālahalaha ma nā mokupuni ʻĀkau a me Hema, akā i ka "ʻike hou ʻia" ʻana i ka makahiki 1948, ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia ka laha ma nā mauna ʻo Murchison ma Fiordland (ma kahi o 650 km 2), a he 250-300 wale nō manu. iho i kona pae haʻahaʻa i nā makahiki 1970 a me 1980 a laila hoʻololi ʻia mai 100 a 160 mau manu ma mua o 20 mau makahiki a ua manaʻo ʻia he hiki ke hānau hou. Eia nō naʻe, ma muli o nā hanana pili i ka hormone, ua emi kēia heluna kanaka ma mua o 40% ma 2007-2008, a hōʻea i kahi haʻahaʻa o 80 e 2014.
ʻO ka hoʻonui me nā manu mai nā wahi ʻē aʻe i hoʻonui i kēia heluna kanaka i 110 e 2016. Hoʻomaka ka papahana hānau hānai i ka makahiki 1985 me ka pahuhopu e hoʻonui i ka lehulehu no ka neʻe ʻana i nā mokupuni manuahi. Ma kahi o ka makahiki 2010, ua loli ka hoʻokokoke ʻana i ka hānau hānau pio ʻana a hānai ʻia nā moa ʻaʻole na kānaka, akā na ko lākou mau makuahine, kahi e hoʻonui ai i ka hiki ke ola.
I kēia lā ua loaʻa nā heluna i neʻe aku ma nā kapakai ʻeiwa a me nā mokupuni nui.
- Mokupuni ʻo Mana;
- Tiritiri-Matangi;
- Puʻuhonua ʻo Cape;
- Motutapu Island;
- Tauharanui i Nu Kilani;
- Kapiti;
- Mokupuni ʻo Rotoroa;
- ke kikowaena o Taruja ma Berwood a me nā wahi ʻē aʻe.
A eia kekahi, i kahi wahi i ʻike ʻole ʻia, kahi i hoʻonui lohi ai kā lākou helu, me 55 mau mākua i ka makahiki 1998 ma muli o ka hatching haʻahaʻa a me nā plumage i pili i ka pae o ka inbreeding o ka wahine o kēia pālua. Hiki i ka lehulehu o kekahi mau mokupuni liʻiliʻi ke kokoke i ka hiki ke hali. Hiki ke loaʻa i nā heluna kaiāulu i nā wahi hānai alpine a i nā kumulāʻau subalpine. Noho ka heluna o ka mokupuni ma nā wahi hānai i hoʻololi ʻia.
He aha ka ʻai a Takahe?
Kiʻi: Shepherd Takahe
ʻAi ka manu i ka mauʻu, nā wana a me nā kolo, akā nui ka lau o Chionochloa a me nā ʻano mauʻu alpine ʻē aʻe. ʻIke ʻia ʻo Takahe e ʻohi ana i ke kumu o ka mauʻu hau (Danthonia flavescens). Lawe ka manu i ka mea kanu i hoʻokahi māiʻuʻu a ʻai wale i nā ʻāpana haʻahaʻa palupalu, ʻo ia kāna meaʻai punahele, a hoʻolei i ke koena.
Ma Nūhōlani, ʻike ʻia ka takahe e ʻai ana i nā hua a me nā moa o nā manu liʻiliʻi ʻē aʻe. ʻOiai ʻike ʻole ʻia kēia ʻano hana, pili pū me ka takahe sultanki i kekahi manawa e hānai i nā hua a me nā moa o nā manu ʻē aʻe. Hoʻopili ʻia ka laulā o ka manu i nā wahi hānai alpine ma ka ʻāina nui a hānai nui ʻia i nā wai mai ke kumu o ka mauʻu hau a me kekahi o nā ʻano o nā rhizome fern. Eia kekahi, ʻoliʻoli nā ʻelele o ka lāhui i nā mea kanu a me nā hua i lawe ʻia mai i nā mokupuni.
Nā hana takahe punahele me:
- lau;
- nā aʻa;
- kōpuʻu;
- na anoano;
- nā mea kolo;
- palaoa;
- hua kukui
Pau pū ʻo Takahe i nā koʻokoʻo lau a me nā ʻanoʻano o Chionochloa rigida, Chionochloa pallens a me Chionochloa crassiuscula. I kekahi manawa lawe lākou i nā pepeke, keu hoʻi i ka hānai ʻana i nā moa. ʻO ke kumu o ka papaʻai a ka manu ka lau Chionochloa. ʻIke pinepine ʻia lākou e ʻai ana i nā koʻokoʻo a me nā lau o Dantonia melemele.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano a me ka nohona
Kiʻi: Takahe
Hoʻoikaika ʻo Takahe i ke ao a hoʻomaha i ka pō. He teritori nui lākou, me ka hapa nui o nā hakakā ma waena o nā paio hoʻokūkū e hanana ana i ka wā o ka incubation. ʻAʻole kēia mau manu noho manu lele e lele ana i ka honua. ʻO kā lākou ʻano o ke ola i hoʻokumu ʻia i nā ʻano o ka noho kaʻawale ʻana i ka pae ʻāina ʻo Nūhōlani. ʻOkoʻa nā wahi ʻo Takahe i ka nui a me ka nui. ʻO ka nui ʻoi loa o ka palena o ka ʻāina i noho ʻia mai 1.2 a 4.9 hectares, a me ke kiʻekiʻena kiʻekiʻe o nā kānaka i nā wahi haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa.
ʻOiaʻiʻo hoihoi: ʻO kahi ʻano takahe kahi hoʻololi kūʻokoʻa i ka hiki ʻole lele o nā manu mokupuni. Ma muli o ko lākou kākaʻikahi a ʻano maʻamau hoʻi, kākoʻo kēia mau manu i ka ecotourism no ka poʻe hoihoi i ka nānā ʻana i kēia mau manu manuahi loa ma nā mokupuni kahakai.
Loaʻa ʻo Takahe ma kahi o nā kula alpine, kahi e loaʻa ai ka hapa nui o ka makahiki. Noho ia i nā wahi hānai a hiki i ka puka ʻana o ka hau, a laila kaohi ʻia nā manu e iho i lalo i nā ululāʻau a i ʻole nā ulu lāʻau. I kēia manawa, loaʻa iki ka ʻike e pili ana i ke ʻano o ke kamaʻilio ʻana ma waena o nā manu takahe. Hoʻohana ʻia nā hōʻailona ʻike a me nā tactile e kēia mau manu ke hānau keiki. Hiki i nā keikikāne ke hoʻomaka i ka hānau ʻana i ka hopena o ko lākou makahiki mua o ke ola, akā hoʻomaka mau i ka makahiki ʻelua. ʻO Takahe nā manu monogamous: noho pū nā kāne mai 12 mau makahiki, a i ka hopena paha o ke ola.
ʻO ke kūkulu kaiāulu a me ka hana hou
Kiʻi: Manu ʻo Takahe
ʻO ke koho ʻana i kahi kāne e komo pū kekahi i nā koho aloha. ʻO ka duet a me ka ʻāʻī puʻupuʻu, o nā kāne ʻelua, nā ʻano maʻamau maʻamau. Ma hope o ka pili aloha, hoʻoikaika ka wahine i ke kāne ma ka hoʻopololei ʻana i kona kua i ke kāne, hohola i kona mau ʻeheu a hoʻohaʻahaʻa i kona poʻo. Nānā ke kāne ma hope o ka plumage o ka wahine a ʻo ia ka mea nāna i hoʻomaka ka copulate.
Hana ʻia ka hānau ʻana ma hope o ka hoʻoilo o New Zealand, a pau ma ʻOkakopa. Hoʻomoʻa lāua ʻelua i kahi pūnana kihi hohonu ma ka honua i hana ʻia i nā lālā liʻiliʻi a me ka mauʻu. A kau ka wahine i kahi paʻa o 1-3 mau hua, i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma hope o 30 mau lā o ka hoʻouluulu ʻana. Ua hōʻike ʻia nā helu o ke ola ʻana, akā ma ka awelika hoʻokahi wale nō keiki e ola a hiki i ke oʻo makua.
ʻOiaʻiʻo hoihoi: He mea liʻiliʻi loa ka ʻike e pili ana i ke ola o ka takaha i ka nāhelehele. Kuhi nā kumuwaiwai hiki iā lākou ke noho i ka nāhelehele no 14 a 20 mau makahiki. I ka pio ʻana a 20 mau makahiki paha.
ʻO nā pālua Takahe ma ka South Island kahi i kahi kokoke loa kekahi i kekahi ke ʻaʻole lākou e hoʻoulu ana i nā hua. I ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana, ʻike pinepine ʻole ʻia nā hui hānau i ka wā o ka incubation, no laila manaʻo ʻia aia mau kekahi manu i ka pūnana. Hoʻokomo pinepine nā wahine i ka manawa i ke ao, a me nā kāne - i ka pō. Kuhi ʻia nā mea i ʻike ʻia ma hope o ka hake ʻana o nā kāne ʻelua i ka manawa like i ka hānai ʻana i ka ʻōpio. Hānai ʻia nā ʻōpio a ma kahi o 3 mau makahiki o lākou, a laila kūʻokoʻa lākou.
ʻEnemi kūlohelohe ʻo Takahe
Kiʻi: Shepherd Takahe
ʻAʻohe o Takahe i nā mea kūloko i ka wā i hala. Ua hōʻole nā kānaka ma muli o nā hoʻololi anthropogenic e like me ka luku ʻana i ka nohona a me ka hoʻololi ʻana, ka ʻimi holoholona ʻana a me ka hoʻolauna ʻana o nā mea neʻe a me nā mea hoʻokūkū mammalian, e like me nā ʻīlio, dia a me nā ermines.
ʻO nā predators nui ka takahe:
- kanaka (Homo Sapiens);
- ʻīlio kūloko (C. lupusiliaris);
- dia ʻulaʻula (C. elaphus);
- ermine (M. erminea).
ʻO ka hoʻolauna ʻana o nā dia ʻulaʻula e hōʻike ana i ka hoʻokūkū koʻikoʻi no ka meaʻai, ʻoiai ʻo ermines e hoʻokani i ka hana a nā mea ʻaihue. ʻO ka hoʻonui ʻana o nā ululāʻau i ka Pleistocene postglacial i kōkua i ka hōʻemi ʻana i nā wahi noho.
ʻO nā kumu no ka emi ʻana o nā lehulehu o Takahe ma mua o ka hōʻea ʻana o nā ʻEulopa e ka Williams (1962). ʻO ke aniau ke kumu nui o ka emi ʻana o ka lehulehu o Takahe ma mua o ka noho ʻana o ʻEulopa. ʻAʻole ʻike ʻia nā loli o ke kaiapuni no ka takaha, a luku ʻia i aneane lākou āpau. ʻAʻole ʻae ʻia ke ola i ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka mahana no kēia hui manu. Noho ʻo Takahe i nā kula alpine, akā ua hoʻopau ka wā post-glacial i kēia mau ʻāpana, kahi i alakaʻi ai i ka emi nui ʻana o kā lākou helu.
Eia kekahi, ua lawe mai ka poʻe Polenekia i noho ma kahi o 800-1000 mau makahiki i hala aku nei i ka ʻīlio a me nā ʻiole Polenekia. Hoʻomaka pū lākou e alualu ikaika i ka takaha no ka meaʻai, a ua hōʻemi hou kēia. ʻO nā noho ʻana o ʻEulopa i ke kenekulia 19 ua aneane e hoʻopau iā lākou e ka ʻimi holoholona ʻana a me ka hoʻolauna ʻana i nā māmela, e like me dia, ka mea i hoʻokūkū i ka meaʻai, a me nā mea ʻaihue (e like me nā ermines), ka mea i alualu pololei iā lākou.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
Kiʻi: He aha ke ʻano o ka takahe
Hoʻohālikelike ʻia ka huina helu i kēia lā ma nā manu makua makua he 280 me kahi mau o nā pā hānau hānau he 87. Piʻi mau ka heluna kanaka, e like me ka emi ʻana o 40% ma muli o ka predation i 2007 / 08. Ua piʻi mālie ka nui o nā poʻe i hoʻolauna ʻia i loko o ka nahelehele a manaʻo ka ʻepekema e kū paʻa i kēia manawa.
Ua helu ʻia kēia ʻano me ke ʻano o ka mea ʻaneʻane make no ka mea he liʻiliʻi loa ia, ʻoiai e ulu nei me ka lohi, ka heluna kanaka. Hoʻolālā ʻia ka papahana hoʻōla hou i ka hoʻokumu ʻana i nā heluna nona iho he 500 a ʻoi paha kānaka. Inā hoʻomau ka hoʻonui ʻana o ka lehulehu, ʻo kēia ke kumu o ka hoʻoili ʻana iā ia i ka papa inoa o nā mea palupalu i ka Red Book.
ʻO ka nalowale kokoke loa ʻana o ka takahe i hoʻolaha ʻia ma muli o kekahi mau kumu:
- ʻimi holoholona nui loa;
- nalo o kahi noho;
- hoʻolauna predators.
ʻOiai ke ola nei kēia laha, hana lohi i ka manawa, lawe i mau makahiki e hiki i ke oʻo, a he nui ka nui i hōʻole nui i kahi liʻiliʻi o nā hanauna, he pilikia koʻikoʻi ka inbred depression. A hoʻopilikia ʻia nā hana hoʻōla e ka momona haʻahaʻa o nā manu i koe.
Ua hoʻohana ʻia ka hōʻiliʻili genetic e koho ai i nā mea ulu i mea e mālama ai i ka nui o nā ʻano like ʻole. ʻO kekahi o nā pahuhopu wā lōʻihi ka hoʻokumu ʻana i kahi heluna nona iho he 500 a ʻoi paha kālā. I ka hoʻomaka ʻana o 2013, he 263 ka nui o ka nui. I ka 2016 ua ulu a 306 taka. Ma 2017 a 347 - 13% ʻoi aku ma mua o ka makahiki i hala.
Kiaʻi ʻo Takahe
Kiʻi: Takahe mai ka puke ʻula
Ma hope o ka hoʻoweliweli lōʻihi o ka make ʻana, ke loaʻa nei ka palekana i ka pale ma Fiordland National Park. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole i hoʻokō ʻia kēia laha i kahi hoʻihoʻi paʻa. ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, he 400 ka heluna nui o ka takahi ma kahi o ka wehe hou ʻana a laila ua hōʻole ʻia i ka 118 i ka makahiki 1982 ma muli o ka hoʻokūkū mai nā dia hanauna. Ua loaʻa ka hoihoi hou ʻana o ka takahe i ka hoihoi o ka lehulehu.
Ua hana koke ke aupuni o Nūlani ma o ka pani ʻana i kahi ʻaoʻao mamao o Fiordland National Park e mālama i nā manu mai nā haunaele. Ua hoʻomohala ʻia nā ʻano papahana hoʻōla hou he nui. Ua loaʻa nā hoʻāʻo kūleʻa e hoʻoneʻe i ka takaha i "nā wahi huna moku" a hānai ʻia hoʻi i ka pio. ʻO ka mea hope loa, ʻaʻohe hana i hana ʻia no kahi o ʻumi mau makahiki ma muli o ka nele o nā kumuwaiwai.
Ua hoʻomohala ʻia kahi papahana kūikawā o nā hana e hoʻonui i ka heluna tahake, e pili pū me:
- ke hoʻokumu nei i ka kaohi ākea nui o nā predators takahe;
- hoʻihoʻi hou, a ma kekahi mau wahi a me ka hana ʻana i kahi e pono ai ka nohona;
- hoʻolauna o ka laha i nā mokupuni liʻiliʻi e hiki ke kākoʻo i ka lehulehu lehulehu;
- hoʻolauna hou ʻana o nā laha, hoʻouka hou. Ka hana ʻana i kekahi mau lehulehu ma ka ʻāina nui;
- hoʻoulu hānau / hoʻohua hānau;
- ke hāpai nei i ka ʻike ākea e ka mālama ʻana i nā manu i ka pio no ka hōʻike lehulehu a me nā kipa mokupuni, a ma o ka pāpāho.
ʻO nā kumu no ka ulu haʻahaʻa o ka heluna kanaka a me ka make nui o nā moa ma nā mokupuni kūwaho e pono e hoʻokolokolo. E mākaʻikaʻi mau ka nānā ʻana i nā loli i nā helu manu a me ka hana, a alakaʻi i nā hoʻopaʻa heluna kānaka pio. ʻO kahi hoʻomohala koʻikoʻi i ka papa o ka hoʻokele ka mālama ikaika ʻana o ka dia ma nā Murchison Mountains a me nā wahi ʻē aʻe kahi e noho ai nā tahake.
Ua kōkua kēia hoʻomaikaʻi e hoʻonui i ka holomua holomua. takahe... Ke hoʻomau nei ka noiʻi e ana i ka hopena o nā hoʻouka mai nā stoats a pēlā e kamaʻilio ai i ka nīnau inā he pilikia nui ka stoats e mālama ʻia.
Ka lā paʻi: 08/19/2019
Lā hou: 19.08.2019 ma 22:28
