ʻAʻole lohe ka hapa nui i kekahi manu liʻiliʻi e like me kūpenuʻu... ʻOiai, ʻaʻole i ʻike nui ʻia kona helehelena, akā wiwo ʻole kona ʻano, no ka mea ʻaʻole makaʻu ka manu e lele i loko o ka wai hau. E hoʻāʻo e maopopo i nā nuances a pau o ke ola o ka dipper ma ke nānā ʻana i kāna hiʻohiʻona waho, nā wahi o ka home paʻa, nā makemake o ka meaʻai, nā ʻano avian a me nā hiʻohiʻona o ke kau moʻo.
Ke kumu o ka laha a me ka wehewehe
Kiʻi: ʻO Olyapka
Kapa ʻia ka dia ka sparrow wai a i ʻole thrush wai. Pili ʻo Feathered i ke kauoha o passerines a me ka ʻohana dipper. Aia i loko o kēia ʻohana nā manu liʻiliʻi, ʻo ka lōʻihi o ko lākou kino mai 18 a 20 cm. He kumukānāwai kūpono nā manu manu, he huelo liʻiliʻi a me nā lālā lōʻihi loa.
Hoʻohanohano ʻia nā manu e kahi nuku pololei kaulike, ʻo nā puka ihu o lākou i pani ʻia e kahi membrane ʻili, ʻo ka ʻūpā ʻili like e pani i nā aʻa pepeiao. Pono kēia mau hāmeʻa āpau no ka luʻu ʻana o nā manu me ka ʻoluʻolu. ʻO ka plumage o Diapkovyts kahi mea momona, kokoke i ke kino. Hoʻokomo ʻia kēia papa passerine i hoʻokahi genus o ka inoa like "Dipper", he ʻelima mau ʻano o kēia mau manu.
Video: ʻO Olyapka
Pākuʻi ʻia kēia mau mea:
- dipper maʻamau;
- dipper ʻeleʻele;
- ʻūpā ʻāʻī ʻulaʻula;
- ʻ dippuʻu ʻAmelika;
- dipper poʻo poʻo keʻokeʻo.
Pono e hoʻomaopopo ʻia e noho ana nā ʻano ʻelua mua o nā dippers i ko mākou ʻāina: maʻamau a brown. E wehewehe mākou i ka pahi maʻamau i nā kikoʻī ma hope iki, ʻo ia ke ʻano nui o ka ʻatikala holoʻokoʻa, a hāʻawi mākou i nā ʻano pōkole i ke koena o nā laha.
Liʻiliʻi ka nui o ka dipper ʻeleʻele, mai ka 70 a i ka 80 gram kona kaumaha. Ma ka inoa o ka manu, maopopo leʻa ke kala ʻokoʻa ia i ke kala ʻalani momona. He pulu koikoi a paʻa hoʻi kēia dipper, kahi nuku ʻoiʻoi, ʻēheu pōkole a me kahi huelo. Noho ka manu i kahakai o ke kai o Okhotsk, nā Kurile, Iāpana, Kōlea, ka ʻaoʻao hikina o Kina, Indochina, ka Himalayas.
Ua koho ka ʻalopeke ʻAmelike iā ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa a me ka ʻaoʻao komohana o ka ʻāina ʻAmelika ʻAkau. Hoʻohanohano ʻia ka manu e kahi kala ʻeleʻele hina, ma ke poʻo kahi e loli ke kala i brownish, aia paha nā hulu kahiko ma nā lihilihi, ʻo ka lōʻihi o ke kino o ka manu ma kahi o 17 cm, a ʻo ke kaupaona he 46 gram wale nō. He wāwae wāwae lōʻihi loa kēia, no ka mea neʻe pinepine i nā kahawai kahe wikiwiki.
Noho ʻo nā dia Griffon ma ka ʻāina ʻAmelika Hema (Peru, Bolivia. Venezuela, ʻEkuador, Colombia). ʻO ka ʻoihana hulu ʻeleʻele a keʻokeʻo kala. Ma ke kapa ʻeleʻele, kahi pāpale keʻokeʻo a me kahi bib māmā e kū i waho i ka ʻokoʻa.
ʻO ka mea ʻāʻī ʻulaʻula, e like me kona ʻohana ma mua, i hoʻopaʻa inoa ʻia ma ʻAmelika Hema, noho i nā kuahiwi kuahiwi o nā Andes kokoke i nā kahawai kūpikipiki a me nā kahawai, aia ma kahi kiʻekiʻe a hiki i 2.5 km, e waiho ana i nā ulu ulu. Hoʻomaopopo ʻia kēia manu e kahi ʻāʻī puʻupuʻu, e hele iki ana i kahi o ka umauma, ke koena o ke kani o kona hulu i hina hina.
ʻO ka helehelena a me nā hiʻohiʻona
Kiʻi: He aha ke ʻano o ka dipper
Ke wehewehe pōkole nei i nā ʻano ʻehā o Dipper, e hōʻike iā mākou i ke kikoʻī i nā hiʻohiʻona kūwaho a me nā hiʻohiʻona ʻē aʻe o ka Dipper. Ua kāhea ʻia ka manu i ka sparrow wai a i ʻole thrush pololei no ka mea like ka nui me kēia manu. Ma nā ʻano o nā ana, aia ka dipper maʻamau ma mua o ka manu liʻiliʻi, nona ka lōʻihi o ke kino mai 17 a 20 cm a me ke kaumaha mai 50 a 85 gram. Hiki i ka ʻēheu o nā manu i ka lōʻihi o 25 a 30 cm.
ʻO ke kiʻi o ka dipper ikaika loa a stocky, paʻa paʻa ka manu. ʻO kēia peʻapeʻa wāwae wāwae lōʻihi he mau ʻeheu pōkole a me kahi huelo liʻiliʻi, huli aʻe i luna. ʻO ka leo nui o kā Dipper mau lole aahu momona. Ma ka ʻāpana o ka ʻāʻī, ka umauma a me ka ʻaoʻao luna o ka ʻōpū, kū i waho kahi keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo solemena i ka ʻokoʻa. Ma ka pāpale aliʻi a me ke kua o ke poʻo, ʻeleʻele ke kala o ka hulu, a ma ke kua, ka huelo a me ka ʻaoʻao o luna o nā ʻeheu, ʻike ʻia kahi ʻano kala ʻeleʻele hina. Inā ʻoe e nānā pono aku i ka manu, e ʻike ʻoe ua uhi ʻia kona kua i ka nīnūnē iki, a ʻeleʻele nā kihi o ka hulu manu.
He mea pono e hoʻomaopopo ʻia ʻaʻohe ʻokoʻa ikaika loa o ka wahine ma waena o nā kūpenu, like ke ʻano o nā kāne me nā wahine, akā ʻo ka mea hope ua liʻiliʻi iki a kaupaona iki ʻia, ʻoiai ʻaʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike koke i kēia, a like kā lākou kala. I nā holoholona ʻōpio, ʻoi aku ka māmā o ke kala ma mua o ka poʻe oʻo. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka poʻe ʻōpio e kahi variegation o ka ʻaoʻao dorsal. ʻO ke kala keʻokeʻo ma ka ʻāʻī e lilo i ʻōpū hina, a ʻo ka kua a me nā ʻēheu i loaʻa ke kala hina hina. ʻAʻohe ohe i ke kumu o ka nuku o ka dipper, a ikaika loa ka nuku iho a pālahalaha iki ʻia mai nā ʻaoʻao.
Mea hoihoi: ʻo Oliapka wale nō ka passerine i hiki ke luʻu piha a hoʻokele ma lalo o ka wai a ke anuanu loa i waho (a i ʻole keu he kanahā degere). Hana ka manu i kāna meaʻai ponoʻī ma ka neʻe ʻana ma ka lalo o nā waihona wai.
Ma muli o ke ʻano ʻo Dipper he ʻauʻauʻau kai wiwo ʻole a he luʻu hoʻi, ua hāʻawi ke ʻano iā ia me nā ʻano e pono ai no ka luʻu scuba. He pelu ʻili kūikawā ko ka manu ma ka wehe o ka pepeiao, pani ʻia ke luʻu ke kai keʻu, a laila e ālai ana i ke ala i ka wai i ʻole ia e komo i ka auwaha pepeiao. Loaʻa nā valves ʻili like i ka wahi o nā puka ihu. He ʻaʻā coccygeal nui loa ko ka dia, he ʻumi mau manawa kona nui ma mua o ko nā manu.
Mahalo i kēia, loaʻa kahi mālama momona maikaʻi o ka manu, me ka mea e hoʻomaʻemaʻe pono ia i nā hulu i ʻole lākou e pulu mai ka wai hau. Kōkua nā lālā manu hoʻonui e hele wāwae wāwae ma ke kahakai a me ka lalo. ʻO nā paws o ka dipper ʻehā manamana, ua hoʻolako ʻia kēlā me kēia manamana me ka māiʻuʻuʻoi, nānā i hope kekahi, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe āpau.
ʻOiaʻiʻo: He maka aniani puni ko Dean a me kahi kolaea pālahalaha, ʻo ia ke kumu e hiki ai ke ʻike pono ke hoʻopili ʻia i ka kolamu wai.
Ma hea e noho ai ka mea ʻūpā?
Kiʻi: Manu Diapka
ʻAʻole ia no ka mea ʻole i kapa ʻia ka dipper he mea luʻu a i ʻole he manu manu. Makemake kēia manu e noho kokoke i nā kino wai, ʻo ka hapanui me kahi au wikiwiki, no ka mea, i ka hoʻoilo ʻaʻole lākou i paʻa. Lawe ka dia maʻamau i kahi mauna i nā mauna a me nā puʻu, ma ʻEulopa a me ʻAsia, koe wale nō ka ʻaoʻao ʻākau hikina o Siberia. Noho ka manu ma ka hema komohana a me ka ʻākau komohana o ka ʻāina ʻApelika (ma nā Kuahiwi Atlas).
Ua kau ʻia ka hulu ma nā mokupuni aʻe:
- Orkney;
- ʻO Solovetsky;
- ʻO nā Hebera;
- Beritania Nui;
- Sikili;
- Maine;
- Kupelo;
- Ilelani.
I ka nui o Eurasia, ua koho ka dipper:
- Pinilana;
- Nolewai;
- Skandinavia;
- Nā Aupuni o ʻAkilikia Umi;
- Carpathians;
- ʻIrani ʻĀkau a me Hikina;
- ʻO Caucasus;
- Kola Peninsula a me ka mokuna ma ka ʻākau iki.
A ʻo ko mākou mokuʻāina, ua hoʻonoho ʻia ka dipper maʻamau i nā pae mauna o ka hema a me ka hikina o Siberia, kokoke i Murmansk, ma ka ʻāina ʻo Karelia. Lawe ka manu i kahi moemoeā i ka Caucasus, nā Ural, ʻAkia Waena. Ma nā kula ākea, ʻaʻole ʻoe e ʻike i nā kūpenuʻu; hiki i nā mea helehelena helehelena helehelena ke kipa iā lākou. Ma ka hapa waena o Siberia, noho ka manu i nā kuahiwi ʻo Sayan. Ma ka moku o ka Sayano-Shushensky Nature Reserve, noho ka dipper i nā kahakai o nā kahawai a me nā kahawai, e hoʻolaha ana i nā wahi tundra mauna. ʻIke pū ʻia ʻo Olyapa ma ka wai o Yenisei, ma kēlā mau wahi kahi e loaʻa ai nā puka hau ʻole i ka hoʻoilo.
ʻIke hoihoi: Manaʻo nā ʻepekema-ornithologists i ka hoʻoilo he heluna nui o nā manu e noho ana i kēlā mau wahi o ka Sayan Mountains kahi e hoʻomohala ʻia ai ke kōkua karst. Aia nā muliwai i hoʻomaka mai nā loko i lalo o ka honua, ʻoiai i loko o nā hau hau mehana, aia ka wai i loko o lākou i ka mahana o 4 a 8 kekelē me ka hōʻailona plus.
Hoʻomoʻa ʻo Dipper i kāna mau pūnana ma nā kahakai kahakai o nā muliwai taiga, i uhi ʻia me ka lepo. Makemake e kūkulu i nā pūnana ma nā kahawai pulu a hohonu, nā kahawai pōhaku kokoke i nā wailele a me nā wai puna, i uhi ʻole ʻia me ka hau ma muli o ke kahe wikiwiki.
He aha ka mea e ʻai ai ka palu?
Kiʻi: Oolyapka i ka lele ʻana
E like me ka mea i hōʻike ʻia, ʻo ka luʻu kai e luʻu pono a i loko o ka wai anuanu loa i nā mahana wela kiʻekiʻe. Hana kēia manu i mea e loaʻa ai ka meaʻai nāna. ʻO ka hapanui pinepine, komo ka dipper i ka luʻu ʻana i ke kau hoʻoilo, ke aneane hiki ʻole ke loaʻa kahi meaʻai māmā ma lalo o ka uhi hau. I ka puka ʻana mai ka wai hau, ʻaʻole makaʻu ka mea hoʻopūpī i nā hau hau ʻino, lulu mālie ʻo ia i kona hulu a kani lyrically, lele i ka pā. ʻOiai ʻo Vitaly Bianchi i kāhea iā ia he "manu pupule" ma muli o kēia hiki keu.
ʻOiaʻiʻo: ʻaʻole hiki i ka Oliapka ke luʻu wale, akā ʻo ka jogging pū nō hoʻi me ka paʻakikī me ka paʻakikī ʻole, hana ʻo ia me ka oxygen ʻole ma kahi o hoʻokahi minuke holoʻokoʻa, kahi e holo ai mai 10 a 20 mau mika i loko o ka wai anuanu, e iho ana i kahi hohonu o ka mika, a i kekahi manawa hohonu loa aku.
ʻAʻole kūʻē ka dipper maʻamau i kahi meaʻai māmā:
- nā larvae o nā ʻano pepeke like ʻole;
- crustaceans;
- nā mayflies;
- nahenahe;
- lele ʻo caddis;
- ka ʻai a me ka iʻa liʻiliʻi;
- lalo iʻa roe;
- nā kolo make i hāʻule i loko o ka wai.
ʻAʻole makemake nā dia i ke alualu i nā kino wai lohi, kahi e nui ai nā panakō. ʻO ka papa inoa iʻa o ka manu ka mea nui i ka wā hoʻoilo, ʻoiai ka dipper iho e hoʻomaka i ka exude i kahi ʻala iʻa. Loaʻa nā meaʻai ʻo Diper i kā lākou mea ʻai ʻaʻole wale i loko o ke aupuni o lalo o ka wai, nānā pū nā manu i ka meaʻai ma kahakai, e hūnā ana i nā mea kolo ma lalo o nā pōhaku, i mea e loaʻa ai ka meaʻai, nānā pono nā manu i nā limu kai.
Mea hoihoi: ua ʻike nā mea nona nā hale wili wai pehea i nā lā anuanu loa i ʻū ai nā mea kanu i ka momona momona, i hoʻohana ʻia e lubricate i nā nāhelehele o ka huila wili.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano a me ka nohona
Kiʻi: Oolyapka ma Lūkia
ʻO nā dia he manu kūmau, akā ʻo kekahi (ʻaʻole loa he lehulehu nā kānaka) nomadic. He ʻāina paha kā nā kāne kūmau ma kahi o ʻelua mau mile ka lōʻihi. ʻOiai i ka hoʻoilo nui loa, kūpaʻa mau nā manu i kā lākou pūnaewele, a ma hope kahi e waiho ai nā waiwai o nā hoalauna kaiaulu, no laila pinepine ia e noho nui ʻia nā kahawai a me nā kahawai e nā pā o nā dippers mai ke kumu a hiki i ka hopena.
Lele nā manu o nā manu nomadic i ka hoʻoilo i nā wahi kahi e wehe ai i nā kahawai e kahe wikiwiki ana, kahi a lākou e ʻākoakoa ai i nā hipa liʻiliʻi. Lele aku kekahi poʻe lū i ka hema, a i ka hōʻea ʻana o ka pūnāwai hoʻi lākou i nā wahi kamaʻāina, kahi e hoʻomaka ai e hoʻihoʻi i ko lākou mau pūnana o ka makahiki i hala. I ka wā o ka pūnana, hele a koʻikoʻi ka pilikia o ka nānā ʻana i nā palena o nā ʻāina manu hoʻokūkū nā manu wai i ka meaʻai. He mau pōhaku mākaʻikaʻi ko kēlā me kēia manu kahi e nānā pono ai i nā mea e hiki ai ke lilo. Ma muli o ia mau pōhaku, ala pinepine nā hakakā ma waena o nā hoalauna e komo hewa ana i ka waiwai o haʻi.
I ke wanaʻao, hīmeni ke kīpī i kāna mau mele a alakaʻi i kahi ʻimi ʻimi, ma waena o nā hakakā me nā ʻohana e lele i nā waiwai o haʻi. Ma ka hana ʻana me nā mea hana hewa i nā palena, hoʻomau ka manu i ka ʻimi ʻana i ka meaʻai, a i ka wela nui o ka lā makemake lākou e peʻe i ka malu o nā pōhaku pōhaku a i ʻole ma waena o nā pōhaku. I nā hola o ke ahiahi, hoʻomaka ka mea hou e hana hou, e kiʻi ana i kāna ʻaina awakea ponoʻī, e luʻu ana i nā kahawai, nā kahawai a hoʻomau i ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa i kāna kani. I ke ahiahi, hele a hiamoe nā manu, kahakaha ʻia ko lākou mau wahi moe mehameha me ka lepo manu. ʻAʻole ʻoluʻolu ke anilā maikaʻi ʻole i ka kūpenu, lilo ke ao i ao, no laila ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi meaʻai māmā. Inā kau ka ua, lele ka dipper i nā kahakai mālie me nā mea kanu kahakai, kahi e hoʻomau ai e hānai, e ʻimi ana i ka ʻono ma waena o nā lālā a me nā mea ulu ʻē aʻe.
Ua ʻōlelo aʻe mākou i ke kālena ʻauʻau ʻana a me ka luʻu ʻana o ka luʻu, he dexterous nō ka lele hulu, akā makemake ʻole e piʻi kiʻekiʻe. He koa loa ka luʻu liʻiliʻi a noʻonoʻo iki hoʻi, hiki iā ia ke hoʻolei iā ia iho i kahi wailele ʻino a i ʻole pūwili paha, makaʻu ʻole ke hele i kēlā kapa o ka muliwai, ʻauʻau wikiwiki a maikaʻi, e hana ana me nā ʻeheu liʻiliʻi e like me ka hoe. ʻOki koke ka manu koa i nā kahawai ikaika o ka wailele me kona ʻeheu. Hiki iā Dean ke hele i lalo o ka wai me ka lohi, a i kekahi manawa e luʻu i loko o hoʻokahi swoop, e like me ka mea haʻuki mai ka hale kiaʻi. No ke kolo kokoke ʻana i ka papa o lalo, hohola ia i kona mau ʻeheu i kahi ala kūikawā, ai ke pelu ʻana iā lākou, lele koke ia mai ka wai.
ʻOiaʻiʻo: Aia kekahi mau kaʻao e pili ana i ka mea hoʻoweliweli wiwo ʻole, he kuʻuna ko ka poʻe ʻākau o ke kau ʻana i ka ʻēheu o ka luʻu ma luna o kahi moe. Manaʻoʻiʻo lākou e lilo kēia amulet i mea paʻakikī i nā keiki, ʻaʻole lākou e mālama i nā hau, ʻaʻole makaʻu nā keiki i ka wai a ulu aʻe i poʻe lawaiʻa maikaʻi loa.
Hīmeni mau nā Diper i ko lākou mau roulades, ʻo nā kāne loea i kēia mea nā kāne, nona nā mele e melodic, i kekahi manawa e ʻike ʻia e ke kaomi mālie a me ka ʻā. Hoʻohālikelike ka poʻe ʻike i ka hana manu i kahi kahawai kuahiwi e namunamu ana e holo ana ma waena o nā ʻāina pōhaku. Hiki i ke dia ke hana i nā kani kani e like me ke kolo, akā pinepine ʻole ia. Hīmeni ʻoluʻolu a kupaianaha loa ke kīpē i ka wā puna, ke maikaʻi a lā nā lā, akā ʻaʻole hiki i nā hau ke hāmau i kēia manu liʻiliʻi, e hoʻomau nei i kāna mele a hiki i ka hoʻoilo paʻakikī.
ʻO ke kūkulu kaiāulu a me ka hana hou
Kiʻi: Oolyapka
Ua hele a moekolohe nā Dippers i ko lākou makahiki mua o ke ola. ʻO kā lākou wā male male - Malaki. I kēia manawa, hana nā manu i nā pāʻani moena, hoʻopiha nani ʻia me nā mele melodic, a laila noho kēlā me kēia pā i kāna ʻāina ponoʻī. Kū ka pilina ma ka waena o ka mahina mua o ka puna, akā hana pinepine nā dippers i ʻelua mau manawa o ka makahiki.
Hoʻokomo nā manu i kā lākou pūnana i ke kūkulu pū ʻana iā ia:
- i nā māwae pōhaku a me nā niches;
- ma waena o nā aʻa nui;
- ma nā pali kahi e kau ai ka paila;
- malalo o na alahaka a me na laau haahaa;
- ma nā wahi hoʻomaha i waena o nā pōhaku;
- i nā lua i haʻalele ʻia;
- ma ka ʻili o ka honua.
No ke kūkulu ʻana i kahi pūnana, hoʻohana nā dippers i ka limu, nā aʻa o nā mea kanu, nā lau maloʻo, nā limu, hiki i ka spherical a i ʻole ke kone, a ua like ka puka me kahi paipu. Nui a mānoanoa ka paia o ka pūpenu, hiki i 40 cm ke anawaena, a he ʻeiwa kenetimita ke anawaena o ka puka komo kūpono (no ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana, ʻaʻole ʻoi aku ka puka o ka starling i 5 cm i ke anawaena). Mākaukau nā manu i ka camouflaging ʻana i ko lākou wahi hoʻomaha, kahi maʻalahi ʻole ke ʻike aku.
Hiki i kahi kūpuna ke komo mai 4 a 7 mau huamoa, akā ma ka awelika, aia he ʻelima o lākou. Nui lākou i ka nui, keʻokeʻo ka pūpū. Wahi a kekahi manaʻo, komo ka makuahine e kū nei i ka incubation, kahi a ka hoa e hānai ai. Wahi a kekahi wahi o ka manaʻo, incubate manu i kā lākou keiki pakahi. ʻO ka manawa hoʻouluulu he 18 a 20 mau lā.
ʻIke hoihoi: Hoʻokomo ka wahine i kāna keiki me ke akahele, ʻaʻole ia e haʻalele i ka paʻa, ʻoiai inā ʻike ʻo ia i kahi hoʻoweliweli, no laila i kēia manawa hiki ke lawe ʻia mai ka pūnana i loko o kāna mau lima.
Hulu pinepine ia i loko o nā wahi pūnana, no laila pala kekahi mau hua, a hānau wale he mau keiki (ʻaʻole ʻekolu) mau moa. Hānai nā mākua ʻelua i nā pēpē ma kahi o 20 - 25 mau lā, a laila haʻalele nā keiki i ka pūnana a peʻe i nā pōhaku a me ka ulu nui, no ka mea ʻaʻole hiki ke hemo i kēia manawa. Aʻo nā mākua i nā keiki e kiʻi i ka meaʻai, ma hope haʻalele nā keiki i ka hale o ko lākou makuakāne, a hoʻomākaukau ka makuahine a me ka makuakāne no ke ʻano o kahi hua hou. I kēia manawa o ka wā puna e hiki mai ana, hoʻomaka nā ʻōpio ʻōpio e nānā no nā pālua. I ko lākou kūlohelohe, hiki i nā manu ke noho ma kahi o ʻehiku mau makahiki, i kēia mea kōkua ʻia lākou e ka ʻike maikaʻi a me ka ʻike nui o ka lohe, ka ʻoi a me ka akahele.
ʻO nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe o nā dippers
Kiʻi: He aha ke ʻano o ka dipper
ʻAʻole ʻokoʻa ʻo Dean i nā ana nui, no laila, nui nā ʻenemi i kona ʻano hihiu maoli. I nā māiʻuʻu, hāʻule nā nuku a me nā wāwae o nā poʻe makemake ʻole, nā moa liʻiliʻi, nā holoholona ʻōpio ʻike ʻole a me nā hua manu. Hiki i nā manu makua ke haʻalele i ka ʻenemi ma ka luʻu hohonu ʻana a i ʻole ke piʻi ʻana i luna. I ka hohonu o ka wai, hūnā nā mea hoʻopūpā mai nā mea hulu manu e hoʻouka mai luna, a i ke kiʻekiʻe e kali nā manu i ka weliweli mai nā holoholona honua, ʻaʻole makaʻu lākou e ʻauʻau i mea e hopu ai i kahi manu wai.
Hiki ke koho ʻia nā ʻenemi o nā kūpuna
- nā pōpoki maʻamau;
- martens;
- weasels;
- ferrets;
- manu lele;
- ʻiole.
ʻO ka mea hoʻomake a weliweli loa no nā manu he ʻiole, kahi e ʻimi holoholona ai, ʻo ka mea mua loa, nā pēpē i haʻalele ʻole i ka pūnana. Hiki i nā iole ke komo i loko o kēlā mau pūnana i waiho ʻia ma nā ana o nā pōhaku ʻūlili, uhi ʻia me nā kahawai o nā wailele. ʻAʻole hiki i nā holoholona ʻē aʻe ke kiʻi i nā hale malu, a hiki i ka ʻiole ke piʻi i laila.
Ke ʻike nei i kahi hoʻoweliweli, hoʻāʻo mua kahi dipper makua e hūnā i ke kolamu wai a lele paha i luna, e lele ana mai kekahi pōhaku i kahi pōhaku i mea e pakele ai ka ʻenemi. Inā ʻaʻole haʻalele ka ʻenemi a hoʻomau i ka alualu weliweli, ʻo ka manu hulu, e waiho ana ma kahi mamao o 500 mau ʻanuʻu mai iā ia, lele lele loa a lele aku mai kahi noho.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
Kiʻi: Manu Diapka
Aia kekahi hōʻike e hōʻike ana ka nui o ka heluna kanaka o ka dipper maʻamau mai ka 700 tausani a i ka 1.7 miliona mau kanaka makua. Ua kapa ʻia ka International Union for the Conservation of Nature i ka makahiki 2018 i kapa ʻia kēia manu liʻiliʻi ma ka waeʻano o nā lāhui i kumu iki ka hopohopo ʻole. I nā huaʻōlelo ʻē aʻe, ʻaʻole kumu o ka lehulehu o ka manu i kahi ala pū i waena o nā ʻoihana mālama, no laila, ʻaʻole pono nā dippers i nā hana pale kūikawā, ʻaʻole helu ʻia kēia mau manu ma nā papa inoa ʻulaʻula.
ʻOiai, ʻaʻole hoʻoweliweli ka make ʻana o ka dipper maʻamau, akā ke emi nei ka helu o kēia mau manu, ʻaʻole hiki ke hopohopo. ʻO ke kumu nui o kēia emi ʻana o ka haumia o nā kino wai ma muli o ka hopena o ka hana a ke kanaka. Ma muli o ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana o kekahi kanaka i nā ʻōpala hana i loko o nā kahawai, nui ka iʻa, nā mea kanu a me nā mea ola ʻē aʻe i ʻai nā manu wai. ʻO ke kikoʻī, no kēia kumu, hoʻomaka ka helu o nā holoholona diapkovy e emi i nā panalāʻau o Kelemania a me Polani.
I nā wahi ʻē aʻe (e laʻa me, ma ʻEulopa Hema) ua hoʻoliʻiliʻi nui ka nui o nā dippers, ua hoʻohuli ʻia kēia e ka hana hana o nā mea kanu uila a me nā ʻōnaehana hoʻohawai wai ikaika e hoʻololi i ka wikiwiki o ka neʻe ʻana o ka muliwai. ʻAʻole manaʻo ʻia ka dia he ʻano synanthropic o nā manu, akā ʻaʻole makaʻu ka manu i ka makaʻu o ka poʻe, ʻike pinepine ʻia ka poʻe dippers ma kahi kokoke i nā wahi noho kanaka ma nā wahi o nā resort mauna. Pono ka poʻe e noʻonoʻo e pili ana i kā lākou ʻino a, i kekahi manawa, nā hana luku i mea e hōʻoki ai i kēia manu liʻiliʻi a koa hoʻi mai ke kiʻi ʻana i nā ʻaoʻao o nā puke Red.
I ka hopena, makemake wau e hoʻohui i hiki ke kapa ʻia ka dipper i ke kaulana. ʻAʻole wale nā manaʻo kaulana e pili ana iā ia, ua ʻōlelo ʻo Vitaly Bianki iā ia i kāna mau mea i hana ai, a ua hoʻolaʻa ʻia ʻo Nikolai Sladkov i ka birdie moʻolelo a nā keiki holoʻokoʻa i kapa ʻia ʻo "A Song Under the Ice". A ke hana nei ka dipper ma ke ʻano he hōʻailona a me ka manu lāhui o Nolewai no nā makahiki he ʻumi a keu (mai ka 1960). ʻO kona wiwo ʻole i ke alo o ka wai hau hau a me kona hiki ke hoʻokele ma lalo o ka wai kūpenuʻu mahalo nui i nā mea he nui, ʻaʻole ia no ka mea ʻole i kapa ʻia ʻo ia he diver.
Lā paʻi: 08/14/2019
Lā hou: 14.08.2019 ma 23:04
