Hamadryad - kahi ʻano ʻohana baboon. ʻO ia ka baboon ʻākau ma ka ʻĀkau, i kū i ka ke Kiwi o ʻApelika a me ka piko komohana hema o ka Arabian Peninsula. Hāʻawi ia i kahi nohona kūpono no kēia laha me nā mea ʻaihue liʻiliʻi ma mua o ka waena a hema paha o ʻApelika, kahi e noho ai nā ʻano baboon ʻē aʻe. He kapu ka baboon Hamadryl i waena o ko ʻAigupita kahiko a ua ʻike ʻia i nā ʻano like ʻole i ka hoʻomana ʻAigupita kahiko, no laila kona inoa ʻē aʻe "baboon kapu".
Ke kumu o ka laha a me ka wehewehe
Kiʻi: Hamadryl
ʻO Baboons kekahi o nā moʻokūʻauhau he 23 o nā mōneka o ka Honua Kahiko. I ka makahiki 2015, ua ʻike ka poʻe noiʻi i ka mōʻalihaku baboss kahiko loa, i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma 2 miliona mau makahiki i hala, i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma ka ʻāpana ʻo Malapa ma ʻApelika Hema, kahi i loaʻa ai nā koena o Australopithecus ma mua. Wahi a nā ʻike kūpuna, ua hoʻokaʻawale nā baboons mai kā lākou ʻohana kokoke iā 1.9 a i 2.3 miliona mau makahiki i hala.
I ka hōʻuluʻulu, aia ʻelima mau ʻano i ka genus Papio:
- hamadryas (P. hamadryas);
- Guinean baboon (P. papio);
- baboon ʻoliva (P. anubis);
- baboon melemele (P. cynocephalus);
- bear baboon (P. ursinus).
ʻO kēlā me kēia ʻano ʻelima he ʻōiwi ia i kekahi o nā ʻelima kikoʻī o ʻApelika, a ʻo ka hamadryas baboon kekahi ʻāpana o ka Arabian Peninsula. ʻO lākou kekahi o nā primates non-hominoid nui loa. Ua noho ʻo Baboons ma kahi o ʻelua mau makahiki a ʻoi paha.
Video: Hamadryl
ʻO ka hoʻonohonoho hoʻonohonoho ʻana o nā ʻano ʻelima ʻaʻole paha ia e hōʻike pono i nā ʻokoʻa ma waena o ka genus Papio. Ke koi nei kekahi mau loea i ʻelua mau ʻano hou aku e ʻike ʻia, e like me ka baboon liʻiliʻi o ka genus (P. cynocephalus kindae) mai Zambia, Kongo a me Angola, a me nā baboon wāwae wāwae hina (P. ursinus griseipe) i loaʻa ma Zambia, Botswana, Zimbabwe a me Mozambique.
Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻole lawa ka ʻike o kēia wā no ka lawena, morphological a me ka ʻokoʻa o nā baboons e hiki ai ke hoʻoholo pololei. Ua manaʻo ka poʻe ʻAigupita kahiko i ka hamadryas ke ola hou ʻana o ke akua Babi a mahalo iā lākou ma ke ʻano he holoholona laʻa, a eia kekahi, ua hōʻike pinepine ʻia ke akua ʻo Hapi me ke poʻo o kēia baboon. ʻOiai ma ʻAigupita i kēia manawa ʻaʻohe hamadryas hihiu ma nā wahi āpau.
ʻO ka helehelena a me nā hiʻohiʻona
Kiʻi: he aha ke ʻano o ka hamadryl
I ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka dimorphism moekolohe (aneane ʻelua mau manawa ka nui o nā kāne i nā wahine, kahi maʻamau no nā baboons āpau), hōʻike pū kēia ʻano i ka ʻokoʻa o ke kala i nā mākua. He ʻahuʻula keʻokeʻo ke ʻano o nā kāne mākua (mane a me ka ʻahu) o kahi kala keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo, kahi e hoʻomaka ai e hoʻomohala ma kahi o ʻumi mau makahiki o ke keikikāne, ʻoiai ʻaʻohe kapa poʻo a me nā kala ʻeleʻele a puni ke kino. Kūleʻa ko lākou alo i ka ʻulaʻula a i ka brown a i ka brown brown.
ʻO kaʻaʻahu o nā kāne he hina hina-ʻeleʻele me ka ʻōpū i kala ʻia e like me ke kua a ʻeleʻele paha. Mālamalama ka lauoho ma nā papalina, e hana ana i kahi "ʻumiʻumi". Ulu ka lauoho lōʻihi ma ke kua. I kekahi mau holoholona, hiki ke kala i ka ʻili. I nā kāne a me nā wahine, ʻāpala a ʻulaʻula ʻulaʻula hoʻi ka ʻili e pili ana i nā callch ischial. Loaʻa i nā kāne i ka ʻili o ka ʻili ma ka waha, ʻoiai he helehelena ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻōmaʻomaʻo kolohe nā wahine.
Hiki i nā kāne ke ana a 80 cm i ka nui o ke kino a kaupaona iā 20-30 kg. Kaupaona nā wahine he 10-15 kg a he kino ka lōʻihi o 40-45 cm. Lōʻihi ka huelo, lōʻihi, hoʻohui ia i kekahi 40-60 knm i ka lōʻihi a hoʻopau i kahi ʻāpana liʻiliʻi akā lokomaikaʻi ma ke kumu. ʻEleʻele ka pēpē o nā pēpē a hoʻomālamalama ma hope o hoʻokahi makahiki. Ua hōʻea ʻo Hamadryas i ke kūlana moekolohe ma kahi o 51 mau mahina no nā wahine a 57 a 81 mau mahina no nā kāne.
Ma hea e noho ai ka hamadryl?
Kiʻi: Hamadryl i ke kūlohelohe
Loaʻa ʻo Hamadryl ma ka ʻāina ʻApelika ma ka ʻaoʻao hema o ke Kaiʻula ma Eritrea, ʻAitiopa, Sudan, Djibouti a me Somalia, Nubia Hema. ʻO kēia ʻano pākahi no Sarawat ma ke komohana hema o ʻAlapia. Loaʻa ka laulā o ka baboon iā Yemen a me Saudi Arabia.
ʻO nā lāhui hope loa i ʻike pinepine ʻia i ka hui pū ʻana me nā kānaka, a ʻoiai ʻo ia ka hopena o ka ʻāina, ua hoʻokau ʻia paha lākou ma laila ma kahi manawa ma ke kiʻekiʻe o ka mōʻī o ʻAigupita kahiko. ʻO kēia ʻano he ʻāpana ia o kahi paʻakikī e pili kokoke ana i nā ʻano baboon ʻApelika.
ʻOiaʻiʻo hoihoi: Loaʻa nā babadona Hamadril ma ka wao nahele, steppe, nā mauna mauna kiʻekiʻe, nā kula a me nā savannas. Ka palena o kā lākou hāʻawi ʻana e ka loaʻa ʻana o nā lua hoʻoinu a me nā wahi pōhaku e kūlike a i ʻole nā pōhaku.
I kekahi mau ʻāpana o ʻAitiopa, loaʻa lākou i nā wahi mahiʻai a manaʻo ʻia he pest nā mea kanu. ʻIke pinepine ʻia ʻo Hamadrils i nā kuahiwi, e piʻi ana i kahi kiʻekiʻe. Loaʻa i kēlā me kēia hui nā kāne nui he 10-15. Ke neʻe mau nei nā holoholona. Aia nā holoholona āpau i ka hapanui, akā piʻi mākaukau lākou i nā pōhaku a me nā pali.
Piʻi pinepine ʻo Hamadryas i nā kumulāʻau. Hoʻololi nā ana o ka hale hamadryas i ka maikaʻi o ka nohona a me kahi o nā pōhaku. ʻO ka palena palena palena o ka home ma kahi o 40 km². ʻO ka laulā o nā baboons mai 6.5 a 19.6 a m².
I kēia manawa ʻike ʻoe i kahi e noho ai ka hamadryl. E nānā kāua i ka mea a kēia mōneka e ʻai ai.
He aha ka mea e ʻai ai ka hamadryl?
Kiʻi: Hamadrils
ʻO Papio hamadryas kahi omnivore e ʻai i nā aʻa o nā mea kanu a me nā holoholona liʻiliʻi (ʻo ke kī, nā ʻenuhe a me nā mea kolo), e ʻimi ana no ia e hoʻohuli ai i nā pōhaku. I kekahi manawa hoʻouka lākou i nā māla. Ma muli o ka mānoanoa o ko lākou wahi noho, pono i kēia mau baboons e ʻai i nā meaʻai e hiki ke loaʻa iā lākou.
ʻO kekahi o nā hoʻohālikelike hānai a nā baboons āpau i manaʻo ʻia he hiki ke ʻai i nā meaʻai haʻahaʻa. Hiki i nā Hamadryas ke ʻoluʻolu me nā mea kanu no nā wā lōʻihi. Hāʻawi kēia iā lākou e hoʻohana i nā wahi noho maloʻo maloʻo e like me nā wao akua, nā wao akua, nā steppes a me nā mauʻu mauʻu.
ʻIke ʻia lākou e ʻai i nā ʻano meaʻai like ʻole, akā ʻaʻole kau palena ʻia i:
- hua,
- nā kolo,
- hua moa;
- na anoano acacia;
- pua acacia;
- na anoano mauu;
- mea kanu;
- rhizome;
- nā aʻa;
- nā mea kolo;
- kōpuʻu;
- nā vertebrates liʻiliʻi, etc.
Noho ʻo Hamadrila ma nā wahi semi-wao nahele, savannas a me nā wahi pōhaku. Pono lākou i nā pōhaku e hiamoe a loaʻa ka wai. I ka wā ua, ʻai lākou i nā meaʻai like ʻole. I ka wā maloʻo, ʻai nā hamadryas i nā lau Dobera glabra a me nā lau sisal. ʻO ke ʻano o ka loaʻa ʻana o ka wai e pili pū me ka wā.
I ka wā ua, ʻaʻole pono ka manō e hele wāwae lōʻihi e ʻike i nā puddles o ka wai. I ke kau maloʻo, kipa pinepine lākou i ʻekolu mau wahi wai mau. Hoʻomaha pinepine ʻo Hamadrilas i ka lua wai i ka ʻauinalā. ʻEli pū lākou i nā lua inu i kahi mamao iki mai nā kino maoli o ka wai.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano a me ka nohona
Kiʻi: Monkey hamadryl
ʻO nā Hamadryas he mau holoholona kaiāulu i loaʻa kahi hanana multi-level paʻakikī. ʻO ke anakahi o ka hui kaiaulu ke kāne kāne nui, he alakaʻi alakaʻi hoʻomake i hoʻokahi a ʻeiwa mau wahine a me kā lākou keiki. Hōʻiliʻili pū nā lālā kaiāulu i ka meaʻai, huakaʻi like, a hiamoe pū. Kāohi nā kāne i ka huhū ma waena o nā wahine a mālama i ka hiki ke hānau wale i nā wahine makua. Hiki i kekahi hui ke hoʻopili mai 2 a 23 mau holoholona, ʻoiai ka awelika he 7.3. Ma waho aʻe o ke alakaʻi kāne, aia paha he subordinate.
ʻOiaʻiʻo hoihoi: ʻElua a ʻekolu mau hui (harem) e hui pū e hana i nā ʻohana. ʻO nā kāne o ka ʻohana he ʻohana pili pili. Kūkulu nā ʻohana i nā hui hui pū no ka unuhi ʻana o ka meaʻai. Kāohi nā alakaʻi kāne i nā hoʻāʻo a nā keiki e launa pū me nā holoholona o ka makahiki like i nā hui like ʻole.
Pāpā nā kāne i ka neʻe ʻana o nā wahine ma o ka hoʻoweliweli ʻana iā lākou a hopu a i ʻole nahu ʻana i kekahi mea hele lōʻihi loa. Hōʻike nā wahine i kekahi mau makemake e pili ana i nā kāne a me nā kāne e lawe i kēia mau makemake. ʻO ka liʻiliʻi o ka ʻae ʻana o ka wahine i nā kāne o kāna wahine, ʻo ia ka mea e hopu ʻia ai e ka hoa paio.
Hiki i nā kāne kāne ʻōpio ke hoʻomaka i kā lākou wahine ma ka hoʻohuli ʻana i nā wahine makua ʻole e ukali iā lākou, akā hiki iā lākou ke kāʻili i kahi wahine ʻōpio me ka ikaika. Lilo pinepine nā kāne ʻelemakule i kā lākou wahine, e lilo ana ko lākou kaumaha i ka harem, a hoʻololi ke kala o ko lākou lauoho i brown.
Ma mua, ua manaʻo ʻia ʻaʻole lilo ka pilina o nā wahine hamadryas me nā wahine o ka harem e haʻalele lākou. Akā ʻo nā noiʻi hou e hōʻike nei i ka mālama ʻana o nā wahine i ka pilina paʻa me kekahi mau wahine. Hiki iā lākou ke hoʻolilo i ka manawa me nā wahine ʻē aʻe e like me nā kāne o ka harem, a hui pū kekahi wahine ma waho o nā harem. Hoʻohui, hoʻopau pinepine nā wahine o ka hui natal like i ka harem like.
ʻO ke kūkulu kaiāulu a me ka hana hou
Kiʻi: hamadryas pēpē
E like me nā baboons ʻē aʻe, hānau nā hamadryas i kekahi manawa. Hana ke kāne kāne nui o ka hui i ka hapa nui o ka moʻa ʻana, ʻoiai ʻo nā kāne ʻē aʻe kekahi i kekahi manawa. He mau koho ko nā wahine i ka wahine. Haʻalele lākou i kā lākou hui natal i ka makahiki 1.5 a 3.5 mau makahiki. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia nā wahine e ka pōʻai estrous o 31 a 35 mau lā. I ka wā o ka ovulation, pehu ka ʻili o ka perineum o ka wahine, e aʻo ana i ke kāne o kona kūlana momona. Hiki ke helu ʻia nā helu male mai 7 a 12.2 i kēlā me kēia hola ke loaʻa ka wahine.
ʻOiaʻiʻo hoihoi: ʻO ka manawa hānau ma kahi o 172 mau lā, a ma hope o ka hānau ʻana o ka wahine i hoʻokahi cub. Kaupaona ke keiki hānau hou ma waena o 600 a 900 g a he ʻeleʻele kona, e ʻike maʻalahi ai i waena o nā keiki nui. Pili loa nā pēpē i ko lākou makuahine no nā mahina mua a hiki i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka ʻai ʻana i nā meaʻai paʻa a hiki ke hele wāwae iā lākou iho.
Hana ʻia ka ʻōpio ma waena o 4.8 a me 6.8 mau makahiki o nā kāne a ma kahi o 4.3 mau makahiki i nā wahine. Loaʻa ka nui piha i nā kāne ma kahi o 10.3 mau makahiki. ʻO nā wahine, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi ma mua o nā kāne, hiki i ka nui o nā mākua ma kahi o 6.1 mau makahiki. ʻO ka awelika hānau ma nā wahine he 24 mau mahina, ʻoiai ua ʻike ʻia nā hihia o nā keiki hānau ma hope o 12 mau mahina. A hānau ʻole kekahi a hiki i 36 mau mahina ma hope o ka hānau ʻana o kā lākou keiki mua.
ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka lactation he 239 mau lā, akā hiki ke hoʻololi i ka manawa o ka weaning e pili ana i ke ʻano o ka makuahine, nā hoʻololi āpau a me nā nohona. Lactation hiki ke hala mai 6 a 15 mau mahina. He paʻakikī ka nānā ʻana i ka wā o ka hoʻōla kamaliʻi. Ma muli o ke ʻano kaiāulu kēia ʻano, hiki i nā poʻe ʻōpio ke hoʻomau i ka launa pū ʻana me ko lākou mau makuahine a hiki i ko lākou kaʻawale ʻana a i ʻole kokoke i ke ʻano makua.
Hana ka wahine i ka hapa nui o nā hana makua. Mālama nā wahine a mālama i kā lākou keiki. Hiki ke nānā pinepine kekahi wahine i ka harem ma hope o nā keiki a kekahi wahine. E like me nā baboons āpau, ʻoluʻolu loa nā pēpē i nā lālā ʻē aʻe o ka hui kaiaulu a me ke kia o ka nānā. Hāʻawi nā kāne i ka pale i nā pēpē ʻoiai e mālama ana i ka kaohi o ka harem.
Hoʻokaʻawale nā kāne i nā kāne ʻē aʻe mai ka launa pū ʻana me kā lākou keiki, hiki ke pale aku i ka infanticide. Hoʻohui, noho makaʻala nā kāne makua no ka hui holoʻokoʻa a no laila hiki ke ʻike i nā mea hiki wawe ka pale ʻana i kā lākou keiki mai kēia hoʻoweliweli kikoʻī. ʻAe ʻoluʻolu loa nā kāne i nā pēpē a me nā ʻōpio ma WMD a pāʻani pinepine me lākou a hāpai paha iā lākou ma ko lākou kua.
ʻEnemi kūlohelohe o hamadryas
Kiʻi: hamadryas wahine
Ua kāpae ʻaneʻane ʻia nā predators kūlohelohe mai ka hapanui o ka pae P. hamadryas. Eia nō naʻe, ʻo nā pae kiʻekiʻe o ka hui kaiaulu i ʻike ʻia ma nā hamadryas e manaʻo ʻia he hōʻailona o ke kū ʻana o nā mea i hala. Ke kōkua nei ka noho ʻana i nā hui i nā holoholona e pale aku i nā mea hōkai ma ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka nui o nā mākua e pale aku i ka hoʻouka kaua.
ʻOiaʻiʻo hoihoi: Hoʻoweliweli ʻia e ka helehelena o nā mea hiki wawe kaho, hāpai ka hamadryas i kahi uē kuli a, piʻi i nā pōhaku, hoʻomaka e ʻōwili i nā pōhaku no ka pale
Ma muli o ka hui ʻana o nā hui a me nā ʻohana ma mua o ka hiki ʻana i kahi lua e hoʻoinu ai, kahi e hūnā ai nā mea ʻino, aia paha kahi ʻano hana. ʻO ia nō ka makemake o kēia mau holoholona e hiamoe ma nā pali kiʻekiʻe. ʻO ka wehewehe no kēia mea hiamoe ʻo ia ka mea e pale aku i nā mea ʻae mai ke komo ʻana i nā hamadryas. ʻO ka loaʻa ʻana o nā wahi moe i nā wahi paʻakikī hiki ke ʻike ʻia ka palena nui o ka laulā o kēia mau holoholona.
ʻO nā predators kaulana loa:
- leopadi (Panthera pardus);
- striped hyena (H. hyaena);
- hyena ʻike ʻia (C. crocuta);
- ʻaeto kaffir (Aquila verreauxii).
Kūleʻa ʻo Hamadryas i nā wahi mahiʻai i hoʻoulu ʻia a hiki ke lilo i mea nui nā mea kanu. He holoholona nui lākou i hana pinepine i ka hakakā me ke kanaka. Ma muli o ka waiwai pio o kēia mau primates, hana lākou i kahi loulou nui i nā pūnaewele meaʻai kūloko, e hana ana i nā mea momona mai nā mea kanu a me nā holoholona liʻiliʻi i loaʻa i nā holoholona nui aʻe. ʻEli lākou i nā paipu, nā aʻa, a me nā rhizome, no laila, kōkua paha kēia mau holoholona i ka aerate i ka lepo ma kahi a lākou e hānai ai. Eia hou, hana lākou i ka hana i ka mahele ʻana o nā ʻanoʻano, nā hua a lākou e ʻai ai.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
Kiʻi: he aha ke ʻano o ka hamadryl
ʻO ka hoʻohuli ʻana i nā mahina ʻai a me nā wahi hānai kahi mea hoʻoweliweli nui i ka babad hamadryas. ʻo kāna predator kūlohelohe wale nō ka striped hyena, hyena spotted a me ka leopadi ʻApelika, kahi e noho nei i kona wahi o ka mahele. Ua hoʻonohonoho ka IUCN i ka laha ma ke ʻano o ka "Least Concern" i ka makahiki 2008. ʻAʻole hoʻoweliweli ʻia ʻo Hamadryas e nā hoʻoweliweli ākea i kēia manawa, ʻoiai ma kahi kūloko, e hoʻoweliweli ʻia e ka nalo ʻana o nā wahi mai nā mahi mahiʻai nui a me nā papahana wai. ...
ʻOiaʻiʻo hoihoi: Wahi a nā poʻe loea, ʻo ka nui o ka heluna kanaka ma Djibouti ma kahi o 2000 mau holoholona, a he kūpaʻa ia. Ua helu ʻia kēia ʻano ma Appendix II o CITES. Aia kahi subpopulation "maʻemaʻe" o kēia ʻano i ka Simien Mountains National Park. Hoʻohui ʻia, loaʻa kēia ʻano i ka Harar National Wildlife Refuge i manaʻo ʻia, a ma ka ʻākau ʻo Eritrea.
Hamadryad i loaʻa ma Yangudi Rassa National Park, Harar Wildlife Sanctuary, a me kekahi mau waihona ʻē aʻe ma ke awāwa ʻo Avash haʻahaʻa (ʻoiai he mea nui e hoʻomaopopo i ka hoʻopili ʻia ʻana o nā mālama āpau ʻo Avash e ka mahiʻai). Noho kēia ʻano i ʻAitiopa i ka nui. Ua māhuahua paha kā lākou helu ma muli o ka hōʻemi ʻana o nā mea kūlohelohe a me ka mahiʻai liʻiliʻi.
Ka lā paʻi: 08/04/2019
Lā hou: 09/28/2019 ma 21:35
