Trepang He meaʻai ʻono iʻa iʻa ʻole, makemake nui ʻia i nā kuke hikina a me nā mea maoli no nā Europa. ʻO nā ʻano lāʻau lapaʻau ʻokoʻa o ka ʻiʻo, kona ʻono e ʻae i kēia inondebrates nondescript e lawe i ko lākou wahi kūpono i ka kuke ʻana, akā ma muli o ke kaʻina hana paʻakikī, ʻaʻole ākea ka nohona, ʻaʻole nui nā trepangs. I Lūkia, ua hoʻomaka lākou e alualu i kahi noho kai maʻamau i ka 19 kenekulia wale nō.
Ke kumu o ka laha a me ka wehewehe
Kiʻi: Trepang
ʻO Trepangs kahi ʻano o ka kukama o ke kai a i ʻole ke kūkoma kai - inchebrodate echinod germ. I ka hōʻuluʻulu, aia ma mua o hoʻokahi kaukani mau ʻano ʻokoʻa o kēia mau holoholona kai, ʻokoʻa i kēlā me kēia me nā tentacles a me ke kū ʻana o nā mea hou, akā hoʻohana wale ʻia nā trepangs no ka meaʻai. ʻO ka Holothurians nā ʻohana pili loa o nā hōkū kai maʻamau a me nā urchins.
Video: Trepang
ʻO nā fossil kahiko loa o kēia mau mea i hoʻihoʻi i ke kolu o ka manawa o ka Paleozoic, a ʻoi aku kēia ma mua o ʻehā haneli miliona mau makahiki i hala aku nei - ua ʻoi aku ka makahiki ma mua o nā ʻano dinosaurs he nui. He mau inoa ʻē aʻe nā Trepangs: ka kukama kai, nā capsule hua manu, ka ginseng kai.
ʻO nā ʻokoʻa nui ma waena o nā trepangs a me nā echinodermia ʻē aʻe:
- he ʻano kohana ko lākou, ʻano lōʻihi oblong, hoʻonohonoho ʻaoʻao o nā meaola;
- ʻike ʻia lākou e ka hōʻemi ʻana o ka iwi iwi i nā iwi calcareous;
- ʻaʻohe mea e ʻōkupu ana ma ka ʻili o ko lākou kino;
- ʻo ke kino o ka kukama o ke kai, ʻaʻole like ia ma nā ʻaoʻao ʻelua, akā ʻelima;
- Ke moe nei ʻo Trepangs ma ka lalo "ma ka ʻaoʻao", ʻoiai ka ʻaoʻao me ʻekolu lālani o nā wāwae ambulacral ka ʻōpū, a me nā lālani ʻelua o nā wāwae - ke kua.
ʻOiaʻiʻo hoihoi: Ma hope o ka lawe ʻana i ka trepang mai ka wai, pono ʻoe e pīpī nui i kona kino me ka paʻakai i mea e paʻakikī ai. Inā ʻole, e palupalu ke ʻano o ke kai a huli i ka jelly ma ka hoʻopili ʻana me ka ea.
ʻO ka helehelena a me nā hiʻohiʻona
Kiʻi: he aha ke ʻano o ka trepang
I ka hoʻopā ʻana, ʻili a ʻinoʻino ke kino o nā trepangs, ʻoi pinepine ka wili. ʻO nā paia o ke kino ponoʻī me nā puʻupuʻu i hoʻomohala maikaʻi ʻia. Ma kekahi wēlau he waha, ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe o ka anus. ʻO kekahi mau kakela he ʻumikūmālua e hoʻopuni ana i ka waha ma ke ʻano o ka corolla lawelawe e hopu i ka meaʻai. Hoʻomau ka waha me ka ʻōpū o ka ʻehaʻeha. Aia nā lālā āpau i loko o ka ʻeke ʻili. ʻO kēia wale nō ka mea ola e noho nei ma ka honua, nona nā kino kino manuahi, ua kaʻawale lākou i nā virus a i ʻole nā microbes.
ʻO ka hapanui o nā trepangs he ʻeleʻele, ʻeleʻele a i ʻole ʻōmaʻomaʻo i ke kala, akā aia kekahi mau hiʻohiʻona ʻulaʻula, polū. Pili ka ʻili o kēia mau mea i ka nohona - hoʻohui ʻia me ke kala o ka ʻāina ma lalo o ka wai. ʻO nā nui o nā kukama kai mai 0.5 cm a 5 mau mika. ʻAʻohe o lākou ʻano pono, a hana nā wāwae a me nā tentacles ma ke ʻano he lālā o ka hoʻopā.
Hoʻokaʻawale ʻokoʻa nā ʻano kukama kai i ʻāpana i 6 mau hui, a he ʻano ponoʻī ko kēlā me kēia.
- wāwae wāwae - ʻaʻohe ou wāwae wāwae, e ʻae pono i ka desalination wai a ʻike pinepine ʻia i nā wahi kai mangrove;
- wāwae wāwae - hoʻohālikelike ʻia lākou e ke alo o nā wāwae ma nā ʻaoʻao o ke kino, makemake i ka hohonu hohonu;
- kinona-like - loaʻa ke kino kālī, hoʻololi pono i ke ola i ka honua;
- ʻo trepangi trepangs ka hui maʻamau;
- ʻo nā thyroid-tentacles - he mau halelewa pokole, ka mea a ka holoholona e hū ʻole ai i loko o ke kino;
- ʻO nā dactylochirotids he trepangs me 8 a 30 mau hale i hoʻomohala ʻia.
ʻOiaʻiʻo hoihoi: Hōʻaho nā kukama kai ma o ka anus. Ma o ia mea, huki ai lākou i ka wai i loko o ko lākou kino, a mai laila lākou e omo ai i ka oxygen.
Ma hea e noho ai ʻo trepang?
Kiʻi: Sea Trepang
Noho ʻo Trepangs i nā kai kahakai i ka hohonu o 2 a 50 mau mika. ʻAʻole kūloko kekahi ʻano kukama kai i lalo, e hoʻolilo ana i ko lākou ola holoʻokoʻa i ka kolamu wai. ʻO ka ʻokoʻa loa o nā lāhui, hiki i ka helu o kēia mau holoholona i ke kahakai o nā wahi mehana o ka moana, kahi e loaʻa ai nā hōʻiliʻili nui me biomass a i 2-4 kilokika i kēlā me kēia mika mika.
ʻAʻole makemake nā Trepangs i ka neʻe ʻana i ka honua, makemake lākou i nā awāwa i pale ʻia mai nā ʻino me nā ʻūhū one-one, nā mea hoʻokau pōhaku, hiki ke loaʻa iā lākou ma kahi o nā kūpulu kūpulu, ma waena o nā ululāʻau o ka limu. Noho: Kepanī, Pākē, Nā Moana Melemele, ke kapakai o Iapana kokoke i ke kapakai hema o Kunashir a me Sakhalin.
Hoʻomaopopo ka nui o nā trepangs i ka hōʻemi ʻana o ka paʻakai o ka wai, akā hiki iā lākou ke kū i ke kūpikipiki wela o ka wela mai nā hōʻailona maikaʻi ʻole i nā kekelē 28 me ka hoʻohui. Inā ʻoe e paʻa i ke kanaka makua, a laila hoʻoheheʻe iki ia, a laila e ola. Kū ka hapa nui o kēia mau mea i ka nele o ka oxygen.
ʻOiaʻiʻo hoihoi: Inā hoʻokomo ʻia ka trepang i loko o ka wai hou, a laila kīloi ʻo ia i kona ʻiʻo a make. Hana kekahi ʻano trepang i kahi ala like inā pilikia ka pōpilikia, a ʻo ka wai a lākou e kiola ai i kā lākou mea i loko he mea ʻawahia ia i ke ola kai.
I kēia manawa ʻike ʻoe i kahi i loaʻa ai ka kukama kai a me nā mea e pono ai. E ʻike kāua i kāna ʻai.
He aha ka trepang e ʻai ai?
Kiʻi: trepang kukama kai
ʻO Trepangi kahi hoʻonohonoho pono o ke kai a me ka moana. ʻAi lākou i ke koena o ke ola kai make, nā limu a me nā holoholona liʻiliʻi. Hoʻopomo lākou i nā mea pono mai ka lepo, a hānai mua ʻia i loko o ko lākou kino. Kiola ʻia nā ʻōpala āpau i hope. Inā nalowale kahi holoholona i kona ʻōpū no kekahi kumu, a laila ulu aʻe kahi mea hou i loko o ʻelua mau mahina. ʻO ka ʻōpala digestive o ka trepang e like me kahi ʻoniʻoni, akā inā huki ʻia, e ʻoi aku ia ma mua o ka mika.
Hāpai mau ʻia ka hopena o ke kino me ka hāmama o ka waha no ka hopu ʻana i ka meaʻai. ʻO nā tentacles āpau, a aia a hiki i 30 o lākou ke kaukaʻi ʻia i ke ʻano o nā holoholona, ke neʻe mau nei a keʻimi mau nei i ka meaʻai. Lika nā Trepangs i kēlā me kēia o lākou. I hoʻokahi makahiki o ko lākou ola, hiki i nā kukama kai waena ke hiki ke kanana ma mua o 150 tone o ka lepo a me ke one ma o ko lākou kino. No laila, hana kēia mau mea kupaianaha a hiki i ka 90% o nā holoholona a me nā mea kanu a pau i noho ma ka lalo o nā moana o ka honua, kahi e loaʻa ai ka hopena maikaʻi loa i ka honua o ka honua.
ʻOiaʻiʻo hoihoi: Mahele ʻia i ʻekolu mau ʻāpana a hoʻolei ʻia i loko o ka wai, hoʻopiha koke ka kukama kai i nā ʻāpana i nalowale o kona kino - lilo kēlā me kēia ʻāpana i hoʻokahi kanaka holoʻokoʻa. I ke ala like, hiki i nā trepangs ke ulu koke i nā ʻōnaehana o loko lilo.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano a me ka nohona
Kiʻi: kukama kai hikina loa
He holoholona kolo ʻo Trepang, ʻoi aku ka makemake i ka papa kai ma waena o ka limu a i kahi kau pōhaku. Noho ia i nā pūʻā nui, akā kolo wale ia ma ka honua wale nō. I ka manawa like, neʻe ka trepang e like me kahi ʻenuhe - huki ʻo ia i nā wāwae hope a hoʻopaʻa paʻa iā lākou i ka honua, a laila, haehae i nā wāwae o ka waena a me nā ʻaoʻao mua o ke kino ma kahi ʻē, hoʻolei iā lākou i mua. Ke neʻe mālie nei ʻo ka ginseng kai - i hoʻokahi ʻanuʻu uhi ia i kahi mamao o 5 centimetera.
ʻO ka hānai ʻana i nā pūnaewele plankton, nā ʻāpana o ka limu make me nā microorganism ma luna o lākou, ʻoi loa ka hana o ka kukama kai i ka pō, i ke awakea. Me ka loli o ke kau, hoʻololi nō hoʻi kāna hana ʻai. I ke kauwela, i ka hoʻomaka o ke kauwela, manaʻo nui kēia mau holoholona i ka meaʻai ʻole, a i ka puna ua nui ko lākou makemake. I ka hoʻoilo ma kahakai o Iapana, hibernate kekahi mau ʻano o nā kukama kai. Hiki i kēia mau mea kai ke hana i ko lākou mau kino i paʻakikī loa a like me nā jelly, kokoke i ka wai. Mahalo i kēia hiʻohiʻona, hiki i nā kukama kai ke piʻi maʻalahi i loko o nā māwae liʻiliʻi loa i nā pōhaku.
ʻOiaʻiʻo hoihoi: Hiki i kahi iʻa liʻiliʻi i kapa ʻia ʻo carapus ke hūnā i loko o nā trepangs ke nānā ʻole lākou i ka meaʻai, akā komo ia i loko o ka lua e hanu ai nā trepangs, ʻo ia hoʻi ma o ka cloaca a i ʻole ka anus.
ʻO ke kūkulu kaiāulu a me ka hana hou
Kiʻi: Primorsky Trepang
Hiki i nā Trepangs ke ola a 10 mau makahiki, a ua pau ko lākou wā ʻōpio ma kahi o 4-5 mau makahiki.
Hiki iā lākou ke hoʻohua i nā ʻano ʻelua:
- genital me ka hoʻomomona ʻana o nā hua manu;
- asexual, i ka wā o ka kukama kai, e like me kahi mea kanu, ua māhelehele ʻia i nā ʻāpana, kahi e hoʻomohala ai kēlā me kēia kanaka ma hope.
I ke kūlohelohe, ʻike ʻia ka hana mua. Hānau ʻo Trepangs i ka mahana o ka wai ma kahi o 21-23 kekelē, mai ka waena o Iulai a i nā lā hope o ʻAukake. Ma mua o kēia, hana ʻia ke kaʻina hoʻomomona - kū ka wahine a me ke kāne i kū i ke alo o kekahi me ka hoʻopili ʻana iā lākou iho me ka hope o ka bipi keiki i ka papa o lalo a i ʻole nā pōhaku, a hoʻokuʻu pū i nā hua a me ka wai seminal ma o ka puka ʻōpū kokoke i ka waha. Hoʻokahi wahine i hānau aʻe ma mua o 70 miliona mau hua i ka manawa. Ma hope o ka hānau ʻana, piʻi aʻe nā mea kino i nā hale malumalu, kahi e moe ai a loaʻa ka ikaika a hiki i ʻOkakopa.
Ma hope o kekahi manawa, ʻike ʻia nā lūlū mai nā hua manu momona, a i kā lākou ulu ʻana i hele i ʻekolu mau hanana: dipleurula, auricularia a me dololaria. I loko o ka mahina mua o ko lākou ola, ke loli mau nei ka larva, e hānai nei i nā limu unicellular. I kēia wā, make ka nui o lākou. I mea e ʻai ai, pono e hoʻopili kēlā me kēia larva kūkamo kai i ka limu o ke anfeltia, kahi e noho ai ka ʻai a hiki i kona ulu ʻana.
ʻEnemi kūlohelohe o nā trepangs
Kiʻi: Sea Trepang
ʻAʻohe o nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe o nā Trepangs, no ke kumu e māʻona ai nā aʻa o kona kino i ka nui o nā microelement, waiwai nui ʻia no nā kānaka, he mea ʻawahia loa ia i ka hapa nui o nā mea ʻino kai. ʻO ka starfish wale nō ka mea i hiki ke ʻahaʻaina i ka trepang me ka hōʻeha ʻole i kona kino. I kekahi manawa lilo ka kukama kai i mea hōʻeha ʻia o crustaceans a me kekahi mau ʻano gastropods, akā ʻano liʻiliʻi loa kēia, no ka mea he nui ka poʻe e hoʻāʻo e alo iā ia.
Hōʻiliʻili koke ka trepang makaʻu i loko o kahi pōpō, a, ke pale ʻana iā ia iho me nā spicules, lilo i ʻano hedgehog maʻamau. I kahi weliweli koʻikoʻi, hoʻolei ʻia ka holoholona i ke kua o ka ʻōpū a me nā māmā o ka wai ma o ka anus e hoʻohuli a makaʻu i ka poʻe hoʻouka kaua. Ma hope o kahi manawa pōkole o ka manawa, hoʻihoʻi piha nā ʻōpū. Hiki ke kapa ʻia ka ʻenemi koʻikoʻi o nā trepangs me ke kanaka.
Ma muli o ka ʻono maikaʻi loa o ka ʻiʻo trepang, waiwai nui i ka protein, he hale waihona waiwai maoli ia no nā kino o ke kanaka, ua ʻeli ʻia mai ka wahi kai i ka nui. Mahalo nui ʻia ia ma Kina, kahi i hana ʻia ai nā lāʻau he nui mai ia mea no nā maʻi like ʻole, hoʻohana ʻia i ka cosmetology, ma ke ʻano he aphrodisiac. Hoʻohana ʻia ia i hoʻomaloʻo ʻia, i hoʻolapalapa ʻia, i kēnā.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
Kiʻi: he aha ke ʻano o ka trepang
I loko o nā makahiki i hala aku nei, ua ʻeha nui ka heluna kanaka o kekahi laha o ka kukama kai a ʻaneʻane kokoke i ka luku ʻia, i waena o lākou ka kukoma kai ʻo Far Hikina. Kūleʻa ke kūlana o nā ʻano ʻē aʻe. Pāpā ʻia ka hopu ʻana i nā kukama kai ma ka Hikina Hikina, akā ʻaʻole ia e kāohi i nā mea lawaiʻa Kina, ka mea e ʻaʻe ana i nā palena a komo i loko o ka wai Lūkini no kēia holoholona waiwai. Nui loa ka lawaiʻa ʻole o nā trepangs Far East. I nā wai Kina, luku ʻia ko lākou heluna kanaka.
Ua aʻo ka poʻe Kina e ulu i nā kukama kai i nā kūlana hana, e hana ana i nā mahiʻai holoʻokoʻa o nā trepangs, akā i nā ʻano o ko lākou ʻano, ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa o kā lākou iʻa i nā mea i hopu ʻia i ko lākou wahi maoli. ʻOiai ka hapa liʻiliʻi o nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe, ka momona a me ka hiki ke hoʻololi ʻia o kēia mau holoholona, aia lākou i ka lihi o ka make no ka mea ʻaʻole hiki ke kaʻe ʻia o kānaka.
Ma ka home, ua hoʻopau pinepine nā hoʻāʻo e hānau i nā kukama kai i ka holo pono ʻole. He mea nui loa ia no kēia mau mea kolo e lawa ka hakahaka. Ma muli o ka makaʻu liʻiliʻi pale lākou iā lākou iho i ka hoʻolei ʻana i kahi wai kikoʻī me nā toxins i loko o ka wai, i loko o kahi aquarium liʻiliʻi, me ka lawa ʻole o ka kānana wai, e hoʻowali lākou iā lākou iho.
Kiaʻi Trepang
Kiʻi: Trepang mai ka Red Book
ʻO Trepangs i loko o ka Red Book o Lūkia no nā makahiki he nui. Pāpā ʻia ka lawaiʻa o ke kukoma kai o ka Hikina Hikina mai Mei a i ka hopena o Kepakemapa. Ke mālama ʻia nei kahi hakakā koʻikoʻi e kūʻē i ka ʻaihue ʻana a me ka malu hana e pili ana i ke kūʻai aku ʻana o nā kukama kai i lawai ʻole ʻia e ke kānāwai. I kēia lā ka kukoma kai kahi mea o ke koho genomic. Hoʻokumu ʻia kekahi mau kūlana maikaʻi no ka hana kope ʻana o kēia mau holoholona kū hoʻokahi i ko lākou wahi maoli, ua hoʻomohala ʻia nā papahana e hoʻihoʻi i ko lākou heluna kanaka i ka Far East Reserve, a ke hāʻawi nei lākou i nā hopena, no ka laʻana, ma Peter the Great Bay, ua lilo hou ka trepang i ʻano laha maʻamau e noho ana i kēlā mau wai.
ʻOiaʻiʻo hoihoi: Me ka hoʻokumu ʻana o ka mana Soviet mai ka 20s o ke kenekulia i hala, ua lawe ʻia ka lawaiʻa trepang e nā hui aupuni. Ua hoʻolilo ʻia i maloʻo i ka nui. No kekahi mau makahiki he nui, ua ʻeha ka heluna kanaka o nā kukama kai a i ka makahiki 1978 ua hoʻolauna ʻia kahi pāpā piha ma kāna hopu ʻana.
I mea e hoʻowalewale ai i ka lehulehu i ka pilikia o ka nalo ʻana o nā trepangs kū hoʻokahi ma muli o ka lawaiʻa kū kānāwai ʻole, ua paʻi ʻia ka puke Trepang - Treasure of the Far East, i hana ʻia e nā hana a ka Far East Research Center.
Trepang, ka mea o waho ʻaʻole ia he kai kai nani, hiki ke kapa ʻia me ke ʻano palekana he holoholona liʻiliʻi i koʻikoʻi nui. He mea waiwai nui kēia holoholona kū hoʻokahi i nā kānaka, nā moana o ka honua, no laila pono e hoʻoikaika ʻia e mālama iā ia ma ke ʻano he ʻanoʻano no nā hanauna e hiki mai ana.
Ka lā paʻi: 08/01/2019
Lā hou: 08/01/2019 ma 20:32
