Macrurus - kahi iʻa i ʻike ʻia i nā mea he nui no kona ʻono. Hiki ke loaʻa pinepine ʻia ma nā waihona o nā hale kūʻai peeled a i ʻole ke ʻano o nā hoʻopiha. Akā ʻike kakaikahi ka poʻe i ke ʻano o ka grenadier a he aha nā hiʻohiʻona o kona nohona.
Ke kumu o ka laha a me ka wehewehe
Kiʻi: Makrurus
He iʻa kai hohonu ʻo Macrurus mai ka papa fin fin. ʻO kēia ka papa nui loa - ʻo ka hapa nui o nā iʻa (ma kahi o 95 pākēneka) e hoʻopau ʻia i ke kukui. He ʻokoʻa nō hoʻi kēia mau iʻa ma ke ʻano he mea lawaiʻa hana, a ʻaʻohe mea ʻē aʻe o ka grenadier. ʻO nā iʻa i hoʻopau ʻia me ka iʻa ʻelemakule loa o nā iʻa. ʻO nā ʻike mua loa o kēia iʻa ma mua o 40 miliona mau makahiki - he iʻa predatory nui ia o ka wā Silurian. ʻO ka hapa nui o nā iʻa i makemake i nā wai anuanu, e noho ana ma Rūsia, Kuekene, Estonia.
Video: Makrurus
Ua hoʻololi ʻia nā iʻa i hoʻopau ʻia e nā iʻa iwi, akā i ke kaʻina o ka evolution, ua pale aku nā iʻa i uhi ʻia me ko lākou wahi i nā kai o ka honua. Mahalo i ke kuamoʻo iwi a me ka hana māmā o nā peʻa, loaʻa iā lākou ka maneuverability a me ka hiki ke ola i nā hohonu hohonu. ʻO Macrurus kekahi o kēia iʻa hohonu o ke kai, kahi e paʻa ai ka morphology o ka papa ray-finned, akā i ka manawa like e hiki ke ola i nā mahana haʻahaʻa a me nā kaomi kiʻekiʻe. Maʻamau ka Macrurus i nā wai he nui, no laila ʻoi aku ia ma mua o ʻekolu haneli subspecies, ʻokoʻa i ka morphology.
ʻO nā ʻano maʻamau loa:
- ʻo ka longtail maka liʻiliʻi ka grenadier nui loa, hiki ke loaʻa wale i nā wai anuanu;
- Antarctic - iʻa nui, paʻakikī e hopu no ko lākou mau wahi noho;
- comb-scaly - ʻaʻole makemake nui ʻia i ke kālepa ma muli o kāna ʻono kikoʻī a me ka liʻiliʻi o kaʻiʻo;
- ʻAkelanika Hema - nā ʻoihana nui loa i ka lawaiʻa;
- maka liʻiliʻi - ka mea liʻiliʻi loa o nā grenadiers;
- berglax - he mau maka maka nui kona.
ʻO ka helehelena a me nā hiʻohiʻona
Kiʻi: he aha ke ʻano o ka grenadier
ʻO Macrurus kahi iʻa elongated, lōʻihi i hoʻohālikelike ʻia e like me kahi kulu. He poʻo nui kona a me kahi kino e pili ana i ka huelo. ʻAʻohe ka huelo huelo e like me ia: ʻo ka huelo o ka grenadier i kapa ʻia ke kaʻina filamentous. Ma muli o ke ʻano o ka huelo, no ka ʻohana huelo lōʻihi ka iʻa. Nui loa ke poʻo. Ma luna o ia e kū maka ai nā maka nunui o ka grenadier, ma lalo o laila nā kuʻupuʻu maka paʻa. Uhi ʻia ka grenadier me nā unahi mānoanoa, ʻoi loa - ke kumu e hiki ʻole ai ke mālama ʻia ka iʻa me ka ʻole o nā mīkina lima, ʻoiai he nui ka hiki ke ʻoki iā ʻoe iho.
Mea hoihoi: Ma nā papa o ka hale kūʻai, hiki ke ʻike ʻia kēia iʻa i ke ʻano ʻoki wale nō, a i ʻole kūʻai ʻia nā mea hoʻopiha. Loaʻa kēia i ka hiʻohiʻona maikaʻi ʻole o ka grenadier me nā maka makaʻu a me ke poʻo nui.
Hinahina a ʻeleʻele ka grenadier me nā kaha hina hina. Aia nā lua hina hina ma ka hope o ka grenadier - hoʻokahi pōkole a kiʻekiʻe, a ʻo kekahi haʻahaʻa a elongated. ʻO nā peʻa pectoral e like me nā kukuna elongated. Hiki i ke grenadier wahine o nā ʻāpana nui loa ke kaupaona a i ʻeono kg. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka grenadier ʻAkelanika mai hoʻokahi a hoʻokahi a me ka hapa mika, ka awelika o ka lōʻihi o ka wahine mai 60 cm, a me 3 kg., Kaona. Hoʻopiha ka waha me nā niho ʻoi i nā lālani ʻelua. Heʻuʻuku ka dimorphism moekolohe, i hōʻike pinepine ʻia i ka nui o ka grenadier.
Mea hoihoi: Ma muli o ke ʻano o ka hihia a me ka huelo lōʻihi lahilahi, i ka wā kahiko, hoʻohālikelike ʻia ka grenadier me nā ʻiole a manaʻo ʻia he lawe i ka maʻi.
ʻO ka grenadier kala nui loa ka grenadier nunui. All subspecies o grenadier, koe wale no ka maka-maka, hiki ke loaʻa i kēlā gigantism. Hiki i kona lōʻihi ke piʻi i ʻelua mau mika, aʻoi aku kona kaumaha ma mua o kanakolu kg. ʻO nā grenadiers nunui, ma ke ʻano he rula, he mau kānaka kahiko loa i hele i kahi hohonu o 4 mita ka hohonu.
Ma hea e noho ai ka grenadier?
Kiʻi: Makrurus i ke kai
ʻO Macrurus kahi iʻa lalo e ola nui ana ma ka Moana ʻAkelanika a me ka Moana Pākīpika. ʻO ka hohonu kahi e puka ai ia mai ʻelua a ʻehā km, akā i kekahi manawa ʻoi aku ia.
Hoʻokumu ʻia ka lawaiʻa grenadier nui i nā wahi aʻe:
- Lukia;
- Pōlani:
- Iapana;
- Kelemānia;
- Kenemaka;
- Karolina ʻĀkau;
- i kekahi manawa ma ke kowa ʻo Bering.
Ma kahi o ʻelua haneli mau ʻano o ka grenadier e noho nei i ka Moana ʻAkelanika - ʻo kēia ka hapa nui o ka lehulehu. ʻIke ʻia i ke kai o Okhotsk, akā ʻehā wale nō ʻano i loaʻa ma laila, a ua lilo ka heluna kanaka i mea nui loa ma muli o ka lawaiʻa ʻana. ʻO Lūkia kekahi o nā lawaiʻa grenadier nui loa.
ʻO ka pinepine hopu ʻia ia i nā wahi aʻe:
- Alexandra Bay;
- ke kapakai o Kamchatka;
- Shantar nui.
Noho nā ʻōpio o ka grenadier i ke kolamu wai o luna, e heʻe pinepine ana. Hele ka iʻa kahiko i lalo, kahi e noho ai ke koena o ko lākou ola: ʻo ka ʻelemakule iʻa, ʻo ka pili loa o ka lalo e ola ana. ʻOi aku ka waiwai o nā grenadiers makua ma ke ʻano he iʻa kālepa, no laila paʻakikī ka hopu ʻana o kā lākou lawaiʻa e nā wahi lalo.
Mea hoihoi: Hopu ʻia nā grenadiers me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻupena nunui a me nā waʻa kūikawā hiki ke kākoʻo i ke kaumaha nui o nā iʻa.
He aha ka mea e ʻai ai ka grenadier?
Kiʻi: Makrurus ma Lūkia
He iʻa predator ka Macrurus. ʻO kāna papaʻai nui e hoʻopili ana i nā ʻano crustacea a me nā mollusc, a me nā iʻa liʻiliʻi. ʻAʻole nā Macrouse i nā mea ʻino. Makemake lākou e noho ma lalo o kahi hoʻohālua, e kali ana i ka mea e hiki ai ke ʻau aku iā ia. Kōkua ke kala camouflage i ka grenadier i kēia, me ke kōkua o ka merge me ka lalo. Ka nui o ka ʻai a ka grenadier e pili ana i ke kau. I ka hoʻoilo, noho kēia mau iʻa ma lalo, lilo nui ka paona a ʻaʻole ʻai iki. I ka wā hānau, ʻaʻole ʻai iki ʻia nā grenadiers, akā ma hope o ke kau moʻo ʻana e hoʻonui nei lākou i ka paona a hiki nō hoʻi iā lākou ke ʻimi ʻimi - alualu i ka mea pio. ʻAʻole i hopu wale ʻia nā Macrous me nā ʻupena wale nō, akā me ka maunu pū kekahi.
ʻO ka maunu nui a ka grenadier e nahu ai:
- ʻōpae liʻiliʻi;
- ilo nui;
- pūpū;
- ʻiʻo pāpaʻi (hiki ke hōʻino iki ʻia i mea e ʻaʻala ikaika ai);
- scallops;
- iʻa echinoderm;
- sardine;
- cuttlefish a me nā cephalopods ʻē aʻe.
I ka nahelehele, ʻike ʻia nā grenadiers e aloha i ka heʻe, ophiur, amphipods, anchovies, a me nā polychaetes benthic. Hoʻohana ʻia kēia huahana e like me ka maunu, akā ʻo nā grenadiers ʻōpio wale nō e kiʻi iā lākou. He paʻakikī a ikaika hoʻi i ka hopu ʻana i ka maunu grenadier. Lōʻihi kēia a me ka maunu he nui, no ka mea e nahu nā iʻa ʻē aʻe iā ia. ʻO ka lawaiʻa grenadier ʻoi aku ka nui o nā ʻupena nui i hiki ke kiʻi i nā poʻe benthic makua.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano a me ka nohona
Kiʻi: grenadier iʻa
Hoʻololi ka nohona o nā grenadiers i ka nohona a me ka makahiki o ka iʻa. He mea maʻamau ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i kekahi ʻano o ka nohona iʻa. Lalo - ma kahi hohonu o 4 mau mika ka hohonu. Kūleʻa kēia ʻano nohona no nā mākua a me nā macrourids nunui.
500-700 mau mika ka hohonu pinepine i loaʻa ai nā grenadiers. Hoʻonohonoho ʻia ka hapa nui o nā pūnaewele no ia. Noho wale nā holoholona ʻōpio a me nā wahine ma kahi o ka wai. ʻO ke kumu, ʻo nā grenadiers kāne kāne wale nō e makemake e noho ma lalo. Mālama nā wahine a me nā ʻōpio i ke kolamu wai a lana pinepine i luna.
He iʻa akahele ʻo Macrurus, ke alakaʻi nei i kahi nohona noho, kahi mea paʻakikī e hopu iā lākou. ʻAʻole hiki iā lākou ke ʻike ʻia ke peʻe ka grenadier ma lalo, ʻoiai ke hui nei me ke kōkua. ʻAʻole ʻokoʻa lākou i ka hana kolohe, inā pilikia lākou makemake ʻole lākou e pale iā lākou iho, akā holo. I ka wā o ka male ʻana, hiki i nā grenadiers kāne ke kolohe, e pili ana i nā kānaka.
ʻAʻohe mea make ka nahu grenadier, akā ʻeha ma muli o nā lālani ʻelua o nā niho ʻoi, a ʻo ka ʻāʻī o ka grenadier e lawa ka ikaika e nahu ma o ka chitin paʻakikī o crustacean a me molluscs.
ʻO ke kūkulu kaiāulu a me ka hana hou
Kiʻi: Makrurus ma lalo o ka wai
Ke lawaiʻa nei nā Grenadiers iʻa i hiki i ka moekolohe ma waena o nā makahiki o 5 a me 11 (e pili ana i nā subspecies o grenadier). I ka manawa like, nui ka nui o nā iʻa - ma ka liʻiliʻi he 65 knm, akā ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku ma mua o 100, ʻoiai ua manaʻo ʻia nā iʻa nui he ʻelemakule no ka hana hou. Noho kaʻawale nā wahine a me nā kāne - aia nā wahine i ke kolamu wai, a peʻe nā kāne ma lalo. No laila, alakaʻi nā wahine i kahi nohona ʻoi aku ka ikaika, ʻimi pinepine a lilo pinepine i mau mea o ka lawaiʻa. ʻO kā Grenadier spawning mau i ka makahiki holoʻokoʻa, akā hiki i kona piko i ka puna. ʻAʻole ʻae ke ala huna o ke ola o kēia iʻa i ka hoʻokumu ʻana inā he pāʻani a me nā loina moʻa kā ka grenadiers.
Ua ʻike ʻia nā kāne e lilo i mea huhū i ka wā e ulu ana ka ulu wai. Hiki iā lākou ke nahu kekahi i kekahi a hoʻouka i nā ʻano iʻa ʻē aʻe. Eia kekahi, lilo nui ke kāne i ka kaumaha i ka wā e hānau keiki ana, ʻoiai lākou e ʻimi mau nei i nā wahine. Ke waiho nei ka wahine ma mua o 400 tausani mau hua, ʻo ke anawaena he hoʻokahi a me ka hapa mm paha. ʻAʻole hōʻike ka wahine i kahi hopohopo no nā hua, no laila ka nui o nā hua e ʻai ʻia e nā iʻa like ʻole, me nā grenadiers lākou iho. ʻAʻole mea maʻamau ka Cannibalism ma waena o kēia ʻano. ʻAʻohe kikoʻī kikoʻī e pili ana i ke ola o nā grenadiers, akā ʻo ka hapa nui o nā lāhui e ola ana ma mua o 15 mau makahiki.
Ua hōʻike nā haʻawina unahi i ka lōʻihi o ka noho ʻana o nā grenadiers i kēia mau wai:
- Noho nā iʻa o ke Kai o Okhotsk ma kahi o iwakālua;
- hiki i nā grenadiers o nā mokupuni Kuril ke ola a hiki i ke kanahā;
- ʻO nā grenadiers lōʻihi loa ka iʻa mai ka Bering Sea - noho lākou no 55 mau makahiki.
ʻO nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe o ka grenadier
Kiʻi: he aha ke ʻano o ka grenadier
He iʻa hūnā ʻo Macrurus a me kahi iʻa nui, no laila he mau ʻenemi kūlohelohe kona. Hoʻoponopono ʻia ka heluna kanaka e ka lawaiʻa mau ʻana a me nā iʻa ʻaihue ʻaihue ʻole e alualu i ka hopu holoholona no grenadier.
ʻO ka pinepine, grenadier lilo i waiwai pio:
- nā ʻano manō liʻiliʻi. Pākuʻi ʻia kēia mau mea me ka manō ʻAkelanika, ka wili, ka manō goblin hohonu, manō pōpoki;
- nā kukunaʻeono nui nunui (poʻo keʻokeʻo, pale lole), e hina pinepine ai ma nā pale o nā grenadiers lalo;
- ʻO Atlantika bighead, ke alakaʻi nei hoʻi i kahi nohona kokoke;
- nā ʻano nui o ka tuna, kekahi mau ʻāpana o ka Stefgeon;
- hele mai ka batizaurus e like me ke kaua i kekahi manawa i ka upena me nā grenadiers, e hōʻike ana i ko lākou wahi noho maʻamau a me ka hiki o ka batizaurus ʻimi no nā grenadiers.
He mau ʻenemi ko Macrurus i hiki ke hōʻehaʻeha i kāna lehulehu. ʻO ka hapa nui o nā iʻa e noho kokoke ana i ka grenadier pale ʻia a ʻaneʻane hoʻoweliweli ʻia hoʻi. Ma muli o kona ʻano kino, ʻaʻole hiki i ka grenadier ke hoʻomohala i nā wikiwiki kiʻekiʻe i ka lele ʻana mai nā predators: ʻo kāna huelo nāwaliwali a me kona poʻo nui e ʻae iā ia e kūleʻa wale i ka camouflage. I ka manawa like, he iʻa passive a sedentary, ʻaʻole hoʻohana ka grenadier i nā auwau ikaika a me nā niho ʻoi loa no ka pale ʻana iā ʻoe iho.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
Kiʻi: Makrurus
He iʻa kālepa nui ʻo Macrurus i hopu ʻia i nā ʻāina he nui a puni ka honua. Ma muli o ke ʻano o kona nohona kai hohonu, e like me ka ʻepekema, ʻo ia kekahi o nā iʻa "maʻemaʻe", ʻoiai ke ola nei ia i ke kolamu wai kū ʻole. Kī ʻia nā unahi ʻoi o ka grenadier. ʻOkiʻoki ʻia ke kupapaʻu i mau ʻāpana a i ʻole ʻoki wale ʻia nā mea hoʻopiha mai iā ia, a kūʻai lilo ʻia ʻia.
Keʻokeʻo kaʻiʻo Grenadier me ka meli a me ka mānoanoa. Kuke e like me nā iʻa keʻokeʻo ʻē aʻe i kuke ʻia. Hāpai ʻia ka caviar ʻo Grenadier i ka mākeke no ka mea e like me ka caviar salmon i ka helehelena a me ka ʻono, akā he ʻāpana kumukūʻai haʻahaʻa. Hoʻomākaukau ʻia nā Pates a me nā meaʻai kēpau mai ke ake o grenadier - manaʻo ʻia ia he mea ʻono.
Mea hoihoi: ʻAʻohe o kā Macrurus ʻono iʻa iʻa, ʻo ia ke kumu i manaʻo ʻia ai kāna ʻiʻo he mea ʻono. Ua like ia me ka pāpaʻi a ʻōpae paha i ka ʻono a me ke kūlike ʻole.
ʻOiai ʻo ka lawaiʻa ākea, ʻaʻole kokoke ka make o ka grenadier. ʻO ka loaʻa ʻole o nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe a me kahi ʻano hūnā o ke kai hohonu e ʻae iā ia e mālama i ka lehulehu ma waena o nā palena maʻamau. Eia nō naʻe, paʻakikī e inoa i ka helu kikoʻī o nā kānaka, ʻoiai ke ʻano paʻakikī o ke ʻano o ka grenadiers e hoʻopaʻa iā lākou.
Macrurus He iʻa kupaianaha nō ia. Ma muli o kona ʻano a me kona nohona, noho mau ia kahi iʻa fininā maʻamau ʻaʻole e nalo ma muli o ka lawaiʻa honua. Akā paʻakikī ko lākou nohona i nā haʻawina like ʻole e nā ʻepekema a me nā naturalists, no laila aia he ʻike liʻiliʻi e pili ana i kēia iʻa.
Lā paʻi: 25.07.2019
Lā hou: 09/29/2019 ma 20:54
