Nui ka honua kolo no nā ʻano holoholona like ʻole. ʻO kekahi o nā hiʻohiʻona loa a pīhoihoi hoʻi ʻūpā ʻūpā... He pepeke liʻiliʻi kēia i hiki ʻole i kekahi ke ʻike aku iā ia ma ka nāhelehele me ko lākou mau maka ponoʻī. ʻAʻole lehulehu ka holoholona a ola wale i nā steppe, ma nā pali, nā puʻu a me nā wahi haʻahaʻa, i uhi paʻa ʻia me nā mea ulu nunui, nā mauʻu ʻāhiu, lāʻau ʻawaʻawa. He aha ke ʻano o nā ʻano meaola. E ʻike maikaʻi iā ia.
Ke kumu o ka laha a me ka wehewehe
Kiʻi: Steppe dybka
I ka nāhelehele, pāpā i nā steppe he nui loa nā ʻano ʻelala like ʻole. I waena o lākou, ʻaʻole hiki i kekahi ke hōʻike i kahi ʻūhini nui loa. ʻAʻole kānalua ka hapa nui ʻaʻole kēia he ʻūhini wale nō, akā he ʻanuʻu steppe - he holoholona laha ʻole a kū hoʻokahi hoʻi. ʻO ka ʻike ʻana i kēlā ʻano ʻelala me kou mau maka ponoʻī kahi kūleʻa nui. Minamina, ke emi mau nei kāna helu. ʻO ka pod steppe kahi ʻano holoholona o ka arthropod, ua hoʻokomo ʻia i loko o nā pepelu papa a me ke kauoha - Orthoptera. Ma muli o ka nui, ʻo ia ka mea nui loa i ka ʻohana ʻūhini.
Mea hoihoi: ʻO ka ʻanuʻu steppe ʻaʻole wale nō ka mea koho nui loa o nā ʻūhini, akā ʻo ka mea ʻokoʻa loa hoʻi. ʻAʻohe kāne i waena o nā ʻino o kēia ʻano. ʻO nā wāwae a pau he wahine!
Pehea e hiki ai iā ʻoe ke ʻike i ka ʻūlū steppe? Hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike ia, ʻo ka mea mua, ma o ka nui o ka maʻa mau i ʻike ʻole ʻia no kahi ʻūhini maʻamau. He ʻūhū nui kēia, ʻo ka lōʻihi o ia, ma ka awelika, hiki ke hiki i kanawalu millimeter. A ʻo kēia me ka ʻole e noʻonoʻo i ka ovipositor. ʻAʻoleʻoi aku ia ma mua o kanahā millimeter i ka nui. I ke kūlohelohe, aia nā mākua o nā ana nui aʻe - ma kahi o ʻumikūmālima kenimika.
ʻAʻole ʻokoʻa ke kala o ka steppe dykes mai ke koena o nā lunamakaʻāinana o kona ʻohana. He ʻōmaʻomaʻo ke kala o ko lākou kino. ʻOi aku ka liʻiliʻi, hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i nā ʻūhini makua me ke kala melemele. ʻO ke kino o kēia mau mea kolo ke ʻihi lōʻihi, a ma nā ʻaoʻao hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i nā kaha lonikū, ʻoi aku ka māmā o ke kala ma mua o ke kala o ke kino.
ʻO ka helehelena a me nā hiʻohiʻona
Kiʻi: Pūhū ʻūhā ʻūhā
He hiʻohiʻona ke ʻano o ka ʻanuʻu steppe. Ana nui. I loko o ka ʻohana o nā ʻūhini maoli, ʻo kēia ʻano ka nui loa. ʻO ka awelika ka nui o kēlā ʻano ʻelima ma kahi o ʻewalu kenimika, akā i kekahi manawa aia kekahi poʻe nui aku - a ʻumikūmālima kenimika ka lōʻihi.
He ʻōmaʻomaʻo ke kino elongated. Kau ʻia nā kaha māmā ma nā ʻaoʻao.
Video: Steppe Dybka
ʻO ke poʻo liʻiliʻi, ʻo ka lae ʻūlū ʻoiʻoi. ʻO ke poʻo i ke ʻano o ke kone; ua kōmi iki ʻia ia mai nā ʻaoʻao. ʻO nā lālā o ka waha ma kahi kokoke i ka ʻanuʻu steppe he mana loa, ʻūlū. Hiki i nā Mandibles ke nahu maʻalahi i ka puʻu o ka mea pio. He antennae lōʻihi kona i haʻi ʻia. ʻO nā antennae, ma ka awelika, ʻehā kenimika ka lōʻihi. He kuleana nui ko Antennae. Hana lākou i ka hana o ka paʻi. Eia kekahi, nā maka nunui. Maikaʻi loa ka maka o ia mau ʻūhini, ulu maikaʻi nā maka.
He ʻekolu mau wāwae o ka ʻāpiki step: mua, waena a me hope wāwae. Hoʻohana ʻia nā wāwae mua a me waena no ka holo a me ka hopu ʻana i ka mea pio. ʻO kēia mau mea kolo he predator. E lawelawe nā wāwae o mua me he mea pono no ka hopu pono ʻana i ka mea pio. Hoʻolālā ʻia nā wāwae hope no ka lele ʻana. ʻOi aku ko lākou ikaika a ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi. Eia naʻe, ʻaneʻane ʻaʻole lele nā wāwae o hope. He mea mua nā ʻeheu. Hele lākou i kekahi mau mākua.
Ma hea e noho ai ka ʻanuʻu steppe?
Kiʻi: Steppe Dybka ma Lūkia
ʻO ka ʻāpiki steppe kahi holoholona laha ʻole a kū hoʻokahi e pono ai nā kūlana kūikawā no ke ola. ʻO ke aniau kūpono a me nā steppes mauʻu kūpono no kēia mau holoholona. ʻO kēia nā kūlana kūpono no ia mau holoholona, no laila, i ka steppes, maʻamau ka dykes. Eia nō naʻe, noho nō kēlā me kēia heluna kanaka o nā ʻūhini i nā ʻano ʻāina ʻē aʻe: ma nā puʻu, ma nā mauna a me nā wahi haʻahaʻa, ulu nui ʻia e nā mea kanu. Makemake nā steppe dykes i ke ola, e hoʻonui i nā laʻalāʻau, ka mauʻu a me nā lau nahele. I kekahi mau wahi noho lākou i loko o nā ulu lāʻau kūkala. ʻAʻole nui nā poʻe i ka mauna. ʻAʻole noho ʻo Steppe dykes ma luna o hoʻokahi kaukani ʻehiku haneli mika ma luna o ka pae kai.
Mea hoihoi: Ua ʻike ʻia ka paepae steppe i USA. I nā makahiki he kanahiku o ke kenekulia i hala, ua lawe kūikawā ʻia ia i ka mokuʻāina ʻo ʻIlikaka mai ʻItalia. ʻOiai ke ʻano kūlohelohe o ka panalāʻau o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, ua hoʻololi koke ka ʻanuʻu steppe ma laila a ua aʻa maikaʻi.
Heʻuʻuku ka nohona kūlohelohe o ka steppe. Loaʻa iā ia ka hema o ʻEulopa, ka peninsula Crimean a me ke Kaiwaenahonua. ʻO ka wahi kūlohelohe nā Pyrenees, Balkans a me Apennines. ʻO kēia mau ʻūhini nui a ʻaneʻane like e māhele ʻia ma luna o nā steppe e pili kokoke ana i ke kahakai kaiʻeleʻele. Eia kekahi, ʻo nā heluna kanaka o ia mau ʻano mea ʻino i loaʻa i nā pā ʻole o ka panalāʻau Lūkia. Aia kekahi mea liʻiliʻi ma Saratov, Voronezh, Rostov, Chelyabinsk a me nā wahi ʻē aʻe.
I kēia manawa ʻike ʻoe i kahi e noho ai ka ʻōpae steppe. E ʻike kāua i kāna mea e ʻai ai.
He aha ka ʻai a ka ʻanuʻu steppe?
Kiʻi: Steppe Dybka mai ka Red Book
Hiki ke kapa ʻia ka ʻanuʻu steppe i kahi predator weliweli. He akamai mākaukau holoholona kā kēia holoholona. He maka maikaʻi loa kāna, nā ʻūlū mua ʻumi, kahi mea hana waha waha e hiki ai ke nahu maʻalahi i nā ʻāʻī o ka poʻe ʻino. Eia kekahi, hiki i ka mea kolo ke neʻe wikiwiki ma waena o nā mea kanu a me ka lepo. Inā pono, hiki iā ia ke hau no ka manawa lōʻihi ma kahi hoʻokahi i mea e kali ai no ka manawa kūpono kūpono loa no kahi hoʻouka. I kekahi manawa noho lākou i ka pō holoʻokoʻa e peʻe i ka mauʻu.
He mea nui ka ʻāihue a ka hunts i ka hana ʻimi holoholona. ʻO ka peʻe Steppe a ma kēia laki maikaʻi loa. Māmā kona waihoʻoluʻu ʻōmaʻomaʻo e camouflage i ka mānoanoa o ka mauʻu a me nā mea kanu ʻē aʻe. Kōkua pū ka hoʻolālā elongated kino i ka huna. Mai kahi mamao aku, hiki ke kuhihewa ʻia no ke kumu o kahi mea kanu, no laila ʻaʻole ʻike ka poʻe i loaʻa i ka ʻenemi i ka hope loa e ʻimi ʻia nei lākou.
Mea hoihoi: Hiki i nā ʻūhini nui ke kū i ka pōloli no ka manawa lōʻihi. Eia nō naʻe, i nā kūlana koʻikoʻi loa, hiki i kēia mau mea kolo ke ʻai i nā ʻāpana o ko lākou kino, me ka haʻi ʻole aku i ko lākou ʻohana.
No laila, ʻo ka papaʻai o ka ʻāpana steppe kahi:
- pule lole;
- ʻūhini;
- nā piʻo like ʻole;
- lele;
- ʻo ko lākou poʻe hoahānau kokoke he mau ʻūhini liʻiliʻi.
Pāʻina ka steppe dykes i nā mea kolo he nui, akā hōʻalo ʻia kekahi o lākou. ʻO kahi laʻana, ʻaʻole lākou e ʻai i nā bedbugs, i pili me kahi pilau a ʻoluʻolu ʻole hoʻi. Hūnā nā huna moe i kahi wai kūikawā. ʻAʻohe lākou ʻai i nā buttercraly scaly. No lākou, hiki i kēlā mālama ʻana ke lilo i mea make. Hiki i nā butterflies ke hoʻopili loa i ka waha.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano a me ka nohona
Kiʻi: Steppe dybka
ʻO ka ʻanuʻu steppe kahi holoholona e ola ʻole lōʻihi. Hoʻokahi makahiki wale nō ke ola ʻana. Pōpō nā pepelu i ka makahiki holoʻokoʻa. I ka lā ua makemake lākou e hoʻomaha, peʻe i ka mānoanoa o nā mea kanu. No ke ola, koho nā dykes i nā wahi me ka mauʻu nui, wormwood a i ʻole nā mauʻu hihiu. Makemake lākou e noho a hānau i ka steppe, ma nā puʻu a me nā mauna, kahi kaʻawale mai nā poʻe. Hiki ke kapa ʻia ka mahele o ka heluna kanaka he sparse. Loaʻa kēia i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo o kēlā me kēia ʻūpū mākua i kā lākou ʻāina ʻimi holoholona.
ʻO nā wāwae wāwae āpau he predators. Me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke ahiahi, puka lākou i waho o ko lākou wahi hūnā a hoʻomaka e ʻimi i nā nalo like ʻole, nā ʻūhini, nā pule pule, nā lele a me nā ʻūhini liʻiliʻi. I kekahi manawa ʻahaʻaina lākou i nā invertebrates liʻiliʻi. I ke kaʻina o ka hopu holoholona, hiki i ka ʻanuʻu steppe ke neʻe no kekahi mau hola, e huli ana i kāna mea pio. Eia naʻe, ʻoi aku ka wikiwiki a maʻalahi hoʻi o nā mea āpau. Hopu paʻa ʻo Dybka i kāna mea pio me kāna mau ʻūhā, hoʻopaʻa i ka ʻāʻī. He mea make ka nahu, no laila hiki i ka holoholona ke ʻai maʻalahi.
Ma hope o ka māʻona ʻana, ke koena o ka pō a me ke ao, lilo ka ʻanuʻu steppe i kahi neʻe ʻole. Maʻalahi e nalowale ma waena o nā lau nahelehele ma muli o ke kala o ke kino camouflage. ʻAʻole hiki ke kapa ʻia ke ʻano o kēlā ʻano ʻeneto mālie. Hoʻohanohano ʻia ka mauʻu palaoa e ko lākou ʻano hakakā. I ka hihia o ka makaʻu, hoʻāʻo mua ka holoholona e holo, akā inā hiki ʻole kēia, a laila lawe ia i kahi kūlana hoʻoweliweli. Inā hopu ʻoe i kahi ʻūlū, a laila hiki ke nahu me ka ʻehaʻeha.
ʻO ke kūkulu kaiāulu a me ka hana hou
Kiʻi: Pūhū ʻūhā ʻūhā
ʻO ka steppe dyboka wale nō ka lunamakaʻāinana o ka genus kahi kāne ʻole. Ua komo nā ʻepekema he nui i ka hoʻopukapuka a me ka ʻike kikoʻī o kēia pilikia. I kekahi manawa ua lawe ʻia nā ʻūhini kāne o nā ʻano holoholona like ʻole no nā kāne. Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻole hiki ke hōʻoia i ka noho ʻana o nā kāne. Ua pili nui kēia hiʻohiʻona o kēia ʻano pepelu i ko lākou nohona a me ke kaʻina hana kope.
ʻAʻole pono nā wahine o ka pēpē ʻele e nānā i kahi pālua na lākou i mea e hoʻolōʻihi ai i ka genus. Loaʻa iā lākou kahi ala parthenogenetic o ka hana hou ʻana, ʻo ia hoʻi, hoʻomohala nā hua i ke kino o ka holoholona me ka ʻole o ka hoʻoulu mua. Mākaukau nā mākua e hana kope ma hope o ʻekolu a ʻehā mau pule paha ma hope o ka lilo ʻana i imago. ʻO ka maʻamau maʻamau hāʻule kēia pae i ka mahina o Iulai.
Waiho ʻia nā hua moa e nā ʻeneka i loko o ka ovipositor kūikawā - ʻo kēia ka lālā o ka hope, i hui pū ʻia me nā hui pālua. Ma mua o ka hoʻomoe ʻana i nā hua, nānā pono ka wahine i ka lepo. Kōkua ka ovipositor a me nā antennae iā ia i kēia. Me kā lākou kōkua, hiki ke loaʻa kahi ʻoi loa o ka maikaʻi loa no nā hua manu, kahi e ulu ai ka larvae a laila. Waiho ʻia nā hua moa i ke ahiahi. I hoʻokahi manawa, hiki i ka ʻanuʻu steppe ke hoʻopaneʻe ma kahi o ʻehiku mau ʻāpana. I ka manawa like, i ke kino o ka wahine ponoʻī, ʻaʻole kū ke ʻano o ke kō ʻana o ka hua manu. Lawe ʻia ka lā hope loa i Kepakemapa, a ma hope o ka make ʻana o ka wahine.
Noho mau nā hua i ka lepo a mālama ʻole ʻia i ka hoʻoilo. Wale me ka hōʻea ʻana mai o ka wela e hoʻomaka ai nā ʻūlū mai nā hua manu. ʻO ka larva mua ma kahi o ʻumikūmālua mau mile mile ka lōʻihi. Hoʻokumu ʻia kā lākou hoʻomohala hana i loko o hoʻokahi mahina. I kanakolu mau lā, hoʻonui ka larva i ka nui ma kahi o ʻumi mau manawa. ʻO kēia kahi e pau ai ke kaʻina hana o ka loli i kahi makua.
Kū nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe o ka steppe
Kiʻi: ʻūpā Steppe i ke kūlohelohe
ʻO ka ponype steppe ponoʻī he predator a no ka nui o nā nalo, nā ʻūhini, nā pule pule a me nā mea ʻino ʻē aʻe kahi makaʻu nui. He mau ā ikaika ko ka holoholona, he mau wāwae wīwī a neʻe wikiwiki. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole pale kēia mau mea iā ia mai nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe he nui. Me he mea lā he hūnā maikaʻi loa ka peʻa. ʻAno like kona kino me ke kumu o ka mea kanu, a maʻalahi kona kala i ka nalowale ma waena o nā lau nahele. Akā ʻaʻole kēia e mālama ma ka hope mai nā mea kūpale.
ʻO ka weliweli loa no kēia mau holoholona:
- punawelewele;
- moʻo huelo ʻawa;
- centipedes;
- nā meaola parasite like ʻole. Ke waiho pono nei kekahi o lākou i kā lākou mau hua i ke kino o ka ʻūhini, a hiki i ka make lohi o ka hope;
- manu lele. ʻAneʻane ʻaʻole e hōʻole nā manu nui āpau e ʻahaʻaina ma kahi ʻūhini nui;
- kiwi; Noho ʻia nā steppes e nā rodents he nui, kahi e hopu paʻa i nā ʻanuʻu. No lākou, ʻaʻole paʻakikī kēlā ʻimi, no ka mea, i ke ao e hoʻomaha ai nā ʻūhini a lilo ko lākou makaʻala.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
Kiʻi: Steppe Dybka ma Lūkia
ʻO ka paepae steppe kahi holoholona kūikawā. Akā, eia nō naʻe, ke emi a emi iki nei nā lunamakaʻāinana o ka ʻohana ʻūhini i kēlā me kēia makahiki. I kēia lā he kākaʻikahi kēia holoholona a helu ʻia i loko o ka puke Red. Liʻiliʻi loa ka heluna kanaka o nā ʻūhau nui a liʻiliʻi hoʻi. I ka wā e hiki mai ana, inā ʻaʻole e lawe ʻia kekahi mau ana, hiki i kēia mea kū hoʻokahi ke nalowale loa mai ke alo o ka Honua.
ʻO nā kumu nui e hoʻopili maikaʻi ʻole i ka helu o nā stepb dyboks ka luku ʻia o kā lākou ʻano ponoʻī. ʻO kahi mahele o ka ʻāhewa no ka luku ʻana ke waiho nei me ka ʻanuʻu steppe kū iā lākou iho. He ʻano militant lākou a me ka kanibalism. Eia kekahi, ʻo ka ʻimi ʻana o nā holoholona laka e nā kānaka. Nui nā panalāʻau e pili ana i ka wahi maoli o nā ʻūhini i hoʻomohala ʻia e nā poʻe. Ma muli o kēia, nalowale nā holoholona i ko lākou mau wahi e noho ai a hānau hou.
ʻO kekahi kumu ke hoʻololi i ka nohona ma ka honua. Ka ea lepo, wai maikaʻi ʻole, lepo - ʻaʻole hiki i kēia mau mea āpau ke hopena maikaʻi i ka helu o nā kolo. Loaʻa kahi hopena loli i nā kūlana aniau. Mauʻu maloʻo i hāʻule. Ma muli o kēia, nui nā ʻano holoholona laha ʻole i make. I kēia mau lā, ke hoʻāʻo nei lākou e hakakā i kēia hanana, e koi ana i ka poʻe ʻaʻole e puhi i ka mauʻu. I kekahi mau ʻāina, aia nā uku hoʻopaʻi no ka mauʻu maloʻo i hāʻule.
Kū ka palekana o ka ʻanuʻu steppe
Kiʻi: Steppe Dybka mai ka Red Book
I kēia lā, hiki ke ʻike ʻia kahi kūlana kaumaha - ka huina nui o nā wāwae ʻanuʻu steppe e hoʻēmi mau nei. No kēia kumu, ua helu ʻia ka holoholona i loko o ka Red Book a ʻike ʻia he kakaikahi. Manaʻo ʻia ʻo ka mea nui palena nui ka hana o ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā steppes mauʻu hulu e nā kānaka. ʻOiai, he hopena maikaʻi ʻole ka hana a ke kanaka i ka nui o nā holoholona, akā ʻaʻole ia i make.
ʻO ka luku ʻia ʻana o ko lākou wahi kūlohelohe ua hoʻoliʻiliʻi nui i ka helu o nā kolo a kikoʻī i ka heluna kanaka. Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻole hiki ke noʻonoʻo ʻia ka fragmentation o ka heluna kanaka i kumu nui e alakaʻi ana i ka make ʻana o nā holoholona, i hōʻike ʻia e kahi parthenogenetic mode of reproduction. ʻAʻole pono nā piko Steppe i kahi pālua e hoʻolōʻihi i kā lākou genus a hoʻomoe i nā hua. Ua ʻike nā ʻepekema ʻo ka pōʻino nui loa i ka lāhui ʻūhulu mai ka hoʻohana ʻia ʻana o nā insecticides.
Ma muli o ka emi wikiwiki ʻana o ka helu o nā wāwae wāwae ʻāpana, ua pale ʻia kēia holoholona. I Rūsia, pale pale ʻia ia i nā panalāʻau o nā mālama like ʻole: Bashkir, Zhigulevsky, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole lawa kēia e mālama ai a hoʻonui ai i ka heluna o nā wāwae wāwae wāwae. I mea e hoʻopakele ai i kēia holoholona mai ka make ʻana, pono pono e haʻalele loa i nā insecticides a pale pono i nā panalāʻau i koe o ka nohona kūlohelohe o ka steppe pod.
Pākuʻi ʻehā He pepeke nani a hoihoi loa ia. Hiki iā ia ke kapa ʻia he hunter maikaʻi loa a haku o ka hoʻokalakupua. I ke awakea, ʻaʻole hiki i nā mea āpau ke ʻike i kahi ʻūhini nui loa i nā mea ulu nui. Minamina, i kēia lā ke emi nei ka helu o nā stepb dyboks. ʻO kēia ka mea e pono i ka poʻe ke nānā hou aku i kēia mau holoholona a hoʻāʻo e pale i kā lākou laha e like me ka hiki mai nā hopena o nā ʻano kaupalena like ʻole.
Lā paʻi: 23.07.2019
Lā hou: 09/29/2019 ma 19:34
